<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1409-3871</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Lankesteriana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Lankesteriana]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-3871</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Lankester Botanical Garden, University of Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-38712024000300285</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/lank.v24i3.63156</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Rostellum in orchids]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kobayashi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hideka]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arditti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joseph]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Kentucky State University College of Agriculture, Communities, and the Environment ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of California Department of Developmental and Cell Biology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>285</fpage>
<lpage>318</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-38712024000300285&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-38712024000300285&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-38712024000300285&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The rostellum, a small structure located above the stigma in the gynostemium of monandrous orchid flowers, separates the pollinia from the stigma, can prevent self-pollination, and plays an important role in pollination. It secretes a sticky exudate before and after anthesis, to which the pollinia are attached. Additionally, the viscidium, a sticky disk at the base of the stipe, also connects to the rostellum. This structure varies among species and holds taxonomic significance. For example, in Catasetum, the rostellum extends into antennae-like projections. After pollination, emasculation, or injury, the plant hormone ethylene is produced, triggering various post-pollination, post-emasculation, and post-injury processes, including changes in perianth color, senescence, and, ultimately, the death of floral segments that have completed their functions. Although the rostellum plays a significant role, it remains understudied, and many aspects of its function are still unknown. This review highlights current knowledge and explores speculative hypotheses that may invite differing opinions and perspectives, which will likely be revised as future research deepens our understanding of its biological and ecological roles.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El rostelo, una pequeña estructura ubicada sobre el estigma en el ginostemo de las flores de orquídeas monandras, separa los polinios del estigma, puede prevenir la autopolinización y juega un papel importante en la polinización. Segrega un exudado pegajoso antes y después de la antesis, al cual se adhieren los polinios. Además, el viscidio, un disco pegajoso en la base del estípite, también se conecta con el rostelo, y esta estructura varía entre especies y posee importancia taxonómica. Por ejemplo, en Catasetum, el rostelo se extiende en proyecciones similares a antenas. Después de la polinización, emasculación o lesión, la planta produce la hormona etileno, que desencadena varios procesos posteriores, incluyendo cambios en el color del perianto, senescencia y, finalmente, la muerte de los segmentos florales que han cumplido su función. Aunque el rostelo desempeña un papel significativo, sigue siendo poco estudiado, y muchos aspectos de su función aún se desconocen. Esta revisión destaca el conocimiento actual y explora hipótesis especulativas que pueden invitar a opiniones y perspectivas divergentes, las cuales probablemente se revisarán a medida que futuras investigaciones profundicen en nuestra comprensión de sus roles biológicos y ecológicos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[emasculation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ethylene]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[floral senescence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gynostemium]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pollinia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pollination]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[viscidium]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[emasculación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[etileno]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ginostemo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[polinización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[polinios]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[senescencia floral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[viscidio]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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