<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1409-3871</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Lankesteriana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Lankesteriana]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-3871</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Lankester Botanical Garden, University of Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-38712020000100107</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/lank.v20i1.41472</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Root endophytic fungi promote in vitro seed germination in pleurothallis coriacardia (orchidaceae)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maldonado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriela P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yarzábal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cevallos-Cevallos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chica]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Denisse F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Cuenca Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Católica de Cuenca  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>107</fpage>
<lpage>119</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-38712020000100107&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-38712020000100107&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-38712020000100107&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Seeds of many orchids rely on the presence of fungi to trigger the germination process and even to initiate the full development of protocorms. While attention has been directed towards the study of mycorrhizal fungi, the diversity and functions of endophytic fungi from orchid roots remain underexplored, and few studies have verified their ecological role. This is the case of Pleurothallis coriacardia, an endemic green Neotropical orchid with both epiphytic and lithophytic habits growing in High-Andean montane forests. In the present study, we screened the cultivable fraction of the endophytic fungi colonizing the roots of mature plants of P. coriacardia using ITS rDNA markers. We also tested the potential of these endophytic fungi to improve embryo development and seed germination. Most of the isolated endophytes were classified within Psathyrellaceae. Some isolates, identified as members of the Ilyonectria and Coprinellus genera, significantly promoted embryo development in vitro in P. coriacardia seeds, a result that highlights the ecological roles these endophytic fungi may play in nature.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Las semillas de la mayor parte de orquídeas dependen de la presencia de hongos para desencadenar el proceso de germinación e incluso el desarrollo de protocormos. Mientras la atención se ha dirigido hacia el estudio de los hongos micorrícicos con este fin, la diversidad y las funciones de otros hongos endófitos que habitan las raíces de orquídeas siguen siendo poco conocidas, y pocos estudios han verificado un rol ecológico en beneficio de la planta. Este es el caso de Pleurothallis coriacardia una orquídea endémica de bosques montanos de los Andes, con hábitos epífitos y litófitos. En el presente estudio, se aisló la fracción cultivable de hongos endófitos de especímenes maduros de P. coriacardia, mediante amplificación por PCR y secuenciación de la región ITS. Además se evaluó el potencial de 15 aislados seleccionados en ensayos preliminares como promotores de la germinación, analizando la tasa de cada estado de desarrollo de las semillas en presencia de cada hongo. Se logró identificar 134 cepas de hongos endófitos, con una elevada frecuencia de géneros pertenecientes a la familia Psathyrellaceae. En los ensayos de germinación, cepas identificadas como Ilyonectria sp. y Coprinellus sp., promovieron significativamente el desarrollo embrionario in vitro en semillas de P. coriacardia, un resultado que resalta uno de los posibles roles ecológicos que estos hongos endófitos pueden jugar en la naturaleza.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Andean montane forest]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bosques montanos andinos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[desarrollo embrionario]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[embryo development]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[epiphytic orchids]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ilyonectria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[lithophytic orchids]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[orquídeas epífitas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[orquídeas litófitas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Psathryrellaceae]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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