1409-3871

S1409-38712014000300001

Panama

U.S.A

00 12 2014

14 3 135 364

An updated checklist of the orchidaceae of Panama

Diego Bogarín^1*, Züleika Serracín^2*, Zabdy Samüdiü², Rafael Rincón², Franco Püpülin^3*

Abstract

The Orchidaceae is one of the most diverse vascular plant families in the Neotropics and the most diverse in Panama. The number of species is triple that of other well-represented families of angiosperms such as Rubiaceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae. Despite its importance in terms of diversity, the latest checklist was published ten years ago and the latest in-depth taxonomic treatments were published in 1949 and 1993. The accumulation of information over the years and the need to update the nomenclature and to clarify taxonomic concepts made necessary the publication of an up-dated checklist of the Orchidaceae of Panama. This checklist was completed by studying specimens strictly collected in Panama and vouchered in herbaria. Species are presented alphabetically with their synonyms and herbarium vouchers. The data were analyzed to explain the patterns of geographic distribution, most diverse taxa, endemism, exotic species and relationships with other nearby floras. The checklist contains 1365 species (including two natural hybrids and three subspecies) in four subfamilies, 16 tribes, 27 subtribes and 187 genera. Four exotic species were recorded. A total of 296 (21.7%) species are endemic. Epidendroideae is the most diverse group housing more than 90% of species. The most diverse subtribes are Pleurothallidinae (30 genera, 405 spp.), Laeliinae (16 genera, 292 spp.), Oncidiinae (29 genera, 157 spp.) and Maxillariinae (18 genera, 132 spp.). The most diverse genera are: Epidendrum (206 spp.), Stelis (88 spp.), Lepanthes (66 spp.) and Pleurothallis (54 spp.). Nomenclatural changes are proposed inMaxillariella, Pleurothallis, Specklinia, Stelis and Trichocentrum. Many areas remain unexplored for orchids, and we estímate that much work remains to complete a floristic treatment that reveals more realistic data on the orchid flora that Panama harbors. This checklist is an important initial step toward the development of an illustrated treatment of the Orchidaceae of Panama. ]]>
Key words: floristics, taxonomy, systematics, biogeography, species distribution

Resumen

Orchidaceae es una de las familias de plantas vasculares más diversas del Neotrópico y la más diversa en Panamá. Su número de especies triplica a las otras familias más diversas de angiospermas como Rubiaceae, Fabaceae y Poaceae. A pesar de su importancia en terminos de diversidad, el último listado de especies se publicó hace diez años y los últimos tratamientos taxonómicos profundos fueron publicados en 1949 y 1993. La acumulación de información a través de esos años así como la necesidad de actualizar la nomenclatura y aclarar conceptos taxonómicos dudosos hace necesaria la publicación de un listado actualizado de las Orchidaceae de Panamá. El presente listado se completó mediante el estudio de especímenes estrictamente recolectados en Panamá y con un testigo en herbario. Las especies se presentan alfabéticamente con sus respectivos sinónimos y se citan los testigos de herbario. Se analizaron los datos para explicar los patrones de distribución, taxa más diversos, endemismos, especies exóticas y relación con floras cercanas. El listado contiene 1365 especies (dos híbridos naturales y tres subespecies) en cuatro subfamilias, 16 tribus, 27 subtribus y 187 géneros. Se registraron 4 especies exóticas. Un total de 296 (21.7%) son especies endémicas. Epidendroideae es el grupo más diverso, concentrando más del 90% de las especies. Las sutribus más diversas son: Pleurothallidinae (30 géneros, 405 spp.), Laeliinae (16 géneros, 292 spp.), Oncidiinae (29, 157 spp.) y Maxillariinae (18 géneros, 132 spp.). Los géneros más diversos son: Epidendrum (206 spp.), Stelis (88 spp.), Lepanthes (66 spp.) y Pleurothallis (54 spp.). Se proponen cambios nomenclatoriales en Maxillariella, Pleurothallis, Specklinia, Stelis y Trichocentrum. Muchas zonas permanecen sin explorar desde el punto de vista orquideológico y estimamos que todavía se necesita mucho trabajo para completar un tratamiento que revele datos más realistas sobre la flora de orquídeas que alberga Panamá. Este listado es un importante paso inicial hacia el desarrollo de un tratamiento ilustrado de las Orchidaceae de Panamá.

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Wallace, J. 1700-1701. Part of a Journal Kept from Scotland to New Caledonia in Darien, with a Short Account of That Country. Communicated by Dr Wallace, F. R. S. Phil. Trans. 22: 536-543.         [ Links ]

Whitten, W.M., N.H. Williams, R.L. Dressler, G. Gerlach & F. Pupulin. 2005. Generic relationships of Zygopetalinae (Orchidaceae: Cymbideae): combined molecular evidence. Lankesteriana 5(2): 87-107.         [ Links ]

Williams, L.O. 1940. Orchidaceae. Pp. s271-286 in: R.E. Jr. Woodson & R.W. Schery (eds.), Contributions toward a Flora of Panama. IV. Miscellaneous collections, chiefly by Paul H. Allen. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2394356.         [ Links ]

Williams, L.O. 1946a. Orchidaceae. Pp. 1-140 in: R.E. Jr. Woodson & R.W. Schery (eds.), Flora of Panama. Part III, Fascicle 2. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 33. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2394519.         [ Links ]

Williams, L.O. 1946b. Orchidaceae. Pp. 315-404 in: R.E. Jr. Woodson & R.W. Schery (eds.), Flora of Panama. Part III, Fascicle 3. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 33. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2394495.         [ Links ]

Williams, L.O. 1956. An enumeration of the Orchidaceae of Central America, British Honduras and Panama. Ceiba 5(1): 25.         [ Links ]
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Williams, L.O. & P.H. Allen. 1980. A facsimile reprint of the Orchidaceae, Flora of Panama. Pp. 107-590 in: W. G. D'Arcy (ed.), Orchids of Panama. Missouri Bot. Garden Press.         [ Links ]

Williams, N.H. & W.M. Whitten. 1988. Stanhopea panamensis, a new species from central Panama (Orchidaceae). Lindleyana 3(1): 9-11.         [ Links ]

Williams, N.H., M.W. Chase, T. Fulcher & W.M. Whitten. 2001. Molecular systematics of the Oncidiinae based on evidence from four DNA sequence regions: expanded circumscriptions of Cyrtochilum, Erycina, Otoglossum, and Trichocentrum and a new genus (Orchidaceae). Lindleyana 16: 113-139.         [ Links ]

Williams, N.H., W.M. Whitten & R. L. Dressler. 2005. Molecular systematics of Telipogon (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae) and its allies: nuclear and plastid DNA sequence data. Lankesteriana 5: 163-184. Withner, C.L. & P.A. Harding. 2004. The Cattleyas and their relatives: the debatable Epidendrums. Timber Press, Portland, OR/Cambridge, UK.         [ Links ]

Woodson, R.E., Jr. & R.W. Shery. 1943-1981. Flora of Panama. Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden USA, Vol. 30-67. Yañez, E. & M. Soto. 2003. Osmoglossum egertonii (Lindl.) Schltr. Pl. 634 in: E. Hágsater & M. Soto (eds.). 2003. Orchids of Mexico. Parts 2 & 3. Icon. Orchid. 5-6: pls. 501-700.         [ Links ]

1. Jardín Botánico Lankester, Universidad de Costa Rica. P.O. Box 302-7050 Cartago, Costa Rica, A.C. Herbario UCH, Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí, 0427, David, Chiriquí, Panama. diego.bogarin@ucr.ac.cr

2. Herbario UCH, Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí, 0427, David, Chiriquí, Panama

3. Jardín Botánico Lankester, Universidad de Costa Rica. P.O. Box 302-7050 Cartago, Costa Rica, A.C. Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.; Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Sarasota, FL, U.S.A. ]]> ]]>

2007

2014 13 3 3

157-164

1949 III

1-132

1949 III

133-245

1953 2 319 319

1925 8 41 41

1930 10

1-112

1937 5 2 2

33-35

1921 34

149-154

1922 7 88 88

1922 1

1-24

1928 27

1944 13

105-106

ANAM 2000

ANAM 2010 edición

2000 3 1 1

33-88

2010 13 1 1

2003 93

291-332

1998 2

245-248

1800 -1 86

2005 95

763-772

2007 7

515-537

2008 8 2 2

53-74

2013 115 2 2

31-41

2013 13 1-2 1-2

13-26

2014 13 3 3

185-206

2013 23

1-18

1980 17

371-388

2001 88

1999 86

208-224

2001 5 2 2

467-486

2009 136

164-185

2003

2012 56

1-8

1986

1989 76

1720-1730

1992

324-339

2003

69-89

2008 2177 3 3

20-31

2011 20

26-32

2003 4

9-35

1991 6 1 1

42-48

1991 63

124-132

1991 6 3 3

133

2006 6

45-49

1996

21-56

1992 104

814-828

2004 116

1327-1344

2009 104

557-563

doi: 10.1093/aob/mcn191

2004

599

1978

1987 17 v-xxx v-xxx

1-328

2003 7

99-103

1993 18 3 3

273-290

1993

1997 20 3 3

253-265

2000 69 8 8

761-763

2002 5

9-15

2003 22 3 3

245-249 / 250-253

2003 24 2 2

141-143

2003 93

1-595

2003 22 3 3

237-240 / 241-243

2003 72 2 2

112-117

2004 11

305-315

2004 68 4 4

243-244

2004 23

35-48

2004 11

142-148

2005 69 2 2

86-91

2005 74 12 12

937-941

2006 13 3 3

209-217

2006 24

141-151

2006 3 3 3

209-217

2007 14 1 1

12-16

2012 81 5 5

308-310

2007 12 1 1

1-5

2007 76 9 9

696-701

2010 9 3 3

475-485

2003 8

37-39

2000

2003 3 2 2

37-38

2010 11

1-12

1961 2

360

2014 13 3 3

259-282

doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/lank.v13i3.14363

2007 55

1-584

1967 21

249-264

2005 20 05 1

324-327

421

1993

39-40

2004 4

67-73

2003 8

23-30

2003

2012

2010 10 177 177

1993

101-200

1999

301-400

2001

2003

101-169

2010 13

1301-1400

2013 14

1401-1500

1990

1993 2

101-200

2004 7

701-800

2006 8

801-900

2007 9

901-1000

2008 11

1101-1200

2009 12

1201-1300

2003 5-6

501-700

2005 5 1 1

73-75

1995 3

1-3

1-25

1884

197-308

2012 20 12 48

1-28

1844

IGTG 2007 4

IPNI 2014

2012 113

119-132

2014 13 3 3

319-332

2013 29 1 1

69-86

2012 12 1 1

19-51

2007 7

53-55

2011 11

275-291

2002 Heliconia

2014 89 1 1

148-72

1830 -1 84

1-553

1986 20

1-109

1987 2

185-217

1990 38

1-184

1991 39

1-161

1992 44

1-128

1996 61

1-255

1997 64

1-136

1997 12 1 1

34-55

1998 65

1-122

1998 72

1-121

1999 76

1-182

2000 79

1-140

2001 86

519-780

2001 22 2 2

103-127

2002 23 1 1

57-110

2002 88

1-122

2003 93

216-255

2003 93

386-452

2003 93

521-545

2004 95

1-265

2005 103

1-311

2006 105

21-244

2007 112

1-130

2009 115

2010 120

2011 16 2 2

311-360

1931 59

1-81

2012 26 3 3

86-91

2005

1-755

2000 403

853-858

2005 15

572-582

2009 17

189-238

2004 9 2 2

391-423

2007 11 2 2

145-177

2008 13 1 1

55-87

2009 14 2 2

111-128

2013 18 1 1

51-60

2009 9

1-2

1-268

2007

2001 16 4 4

235-271

2002 17

98-101

1999 1

2001 2

2003 3

2005 4

2005 5

2005 6

2001 88

2286-2308

2002 4

1-88

2003 8 1 1

35-59

2005 10 1 1

83-87

2005 1

421

2007 12 1 1

15-154

2011 11 3 3

325-336

2012 168 4 4

395-448

2006 58 4 4

314-317

2012 63

1-20

2010 B112

239-252

2007 448

1042-1045

1852 10 44 44

-772

1854 2

96-102

1866

2010 9 526 526

1999 4

327-341

2006 51

43-47

2007 9

982

901-1000

2008 20 08 11

1160

1101-1200

1970 Fourth 38 38

273-288

1913 12

317-321

1913 12

322-324

1918 2 36 2 2

321-520

1920 16

462-467

1920 16

468-473

1921 17

481-485

1922 17

1-95

1924 27

5-123

1852 -1 85

1854

254

2010 9 3 3

285-354

1927 78 8 8

1-32

2003 4

52-65

2004 4

103-108

2006 51

39-41

2007 46

113-121

2006 75

229-231

2006 6

33-39

2006 6

183-195

2006 7

26-32

2008

130-222

2008

166-167

2007 7

26-32

2006 51

53-55

2006 51

57-59

2006 6

180-182

2005 20

3-387

2005 92

613-624

2000 15

96-114

1700 -1 70 22

536-543

2005 5 2 2

87-107

1940

s271-286

1946 2

1-140

1946 3

315-404

1956 5 1 1

1980

107-590

1988 3 1 1

9-11

2001 16

113-139

2005 20 04 5

163-184

1943 -1 98 5-6

501-700