<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1409-2433</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Matemática Teoría y Aplicaciones]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Mat]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-2433</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Investigaciones en Matemática Pura y Aplicada (CIMPA) y Escuela de Matemática, San José, Costa Rica.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-24332021000200279</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rmta.v28i2.44746</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A simple model with peer pressure: the antisocial behavior case]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Un modelo simple con presión de grupo: el caso de las conductas antisociales]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villavicencio-Pulido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Geiser]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olmos-Liceaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blásquez-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lidia Ivonne]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Unidad Lerma División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud Depto. de Ciencias Ambientales]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Sonora  Departamento de Matemáticas]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Hermosillo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Unidad Lerma División de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades Depto. de Procesos Sociales]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>279</fpage>
<lpage>294</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-24332021000200279&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-24332021000200279&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-24332021000200279&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Antisocial behaviors such as consumption of addictive substances and eating disorders are modeled using a SIR model. We propose a function l(y(t)) that describes the relapse-recovery-recycling rate. l(y(t)) describes either strengthening or weakening of convictions of recovered individuals to relapse in antisocial behaviors. We show that a wide variety of functions can induce the existence of multiple equilibria points for R0 1 which is a catastrophic scenario for the susceptible population. Finally, conditions for avoiding a sudden and catastrophic jump in the number of individuals with antisocial behaviors are given.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Comportamientos antisociales tales como consumo de sustancias adictivas y desordenes de la alimentación son modelados usando un modelo SIR. Proponemos una función l(y(t)) que describe la tasa de reciclamiento-recuperación-recaída. l(y(t)) describe ya sea el fortalecimiento o debilitamiento de la convicción de los individuos a recaer en conductas antisociales. Mostramos que una amplia variedad de funciones puede inducir la existencia de múltiples puntos de equilibrio para R0 1, lo que constituye un escenario catastrófico para la población susceptible. Finalmente, se dan condiciones para evitar un aumento repentino y catastrófico en el número de individuos con comportamientos antisociales.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[peer presure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[antisocial behaviors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[backward bifurcation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[forward bifurcation.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[presión social]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[comportamientos antisociales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bifurcación hacia atrás]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bifurcación hacia adelante.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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