<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1409-1429</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Costarricense de Salud Pública]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. costarric. salud pública]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-1429</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Costarricense de Salud Pública]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-14292019000100015</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Resistencia de Aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) a insecticidas organofosforados y piretroides en la localidad de Orotina, Alajuela, Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Resistance of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae to organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides in Orotina, Alajuela, Costa Rica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas- Miranda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Troyo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adriana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calderón- Arguedas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ólger]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social Hospital de Guápiles Laboratorio Clínico]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR) Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, CIET Facultad de Microbiología]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR) Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, CIET Facultad de Microbiología]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>15</fpage>
<lpage>24</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-14292019000100015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-14292019000100015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-14292019000100015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[  Objetivos:  Determinar la resistencia de una cepa de Aedes. aegypti de Orotina a insecticidas organofosforados (temefós y malatión), y a piretroides (deltametrina, lambda cialotrina y cipermetrina).  Métodos: La evaluación de la resistencia se efectuó mediante bioensayos larvarios. A partir de cada uno de los insecticidas se calculó la concentración letal 50% (CL50). También se calculó el factor de resistencia 50% (FR50) con respecto a la cepa Rockefeller, que sirvió como control susceptible. En casos de resistencia, la evaluación se repitió exponiendo previamente las larvas a butóxido de piperonilo (BP), S, S, S tributilfosforotritionato (DEF) y ácido etacrínico (AE) para establecer los mecanismos de detoxificación asociados con la resistencia. En cada caso se calculó un factor de sinergismo 50% (FS50).  Resultados:  La cepa Orotina mostró susceptibilidad a temefós, malatión, deltametrina y lambda cialotrina, pero mostró resistencia incipiente a cipermetrina (CL50= 0,01103 mg/L, FR50 = 5,32). Sólo el BP revertió la resistencia a este insecticida (FS50 =10,92), lo que representa un mecanismo de detoxificación asociado con el sistema citrocromo P450 monooxigenasa.  Discusión:  Aunque la cepa de Ae. aegyptide Orotina mostró resistencia a cipermetrina, existen otros insecticidas para los cuales fue susceptible, que brindan opciones a las autoridades de salud para su implementación en el control químico del vector.  Conclusiones:  El monitoreo de la resistencia es requerido para asegurar la efectividad de los insecticidas que se utilizan en el control químico.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Objectives:  To determine the resistance to organophosphate (temephos and malathion) and pyrethroid (deltamethrin, lambda cyhalothrin, and cypermethrin) insecticides in a strain of Aedes aegypti from Orotina.  Methods:  The evaluation of the resistance was carried out by larval bioassays. Lethal concentration 50% (LC50) was calculated for each insecticide. A factor of resistance 50% (FR50) was also calculated with respect to the Rockefeller strain, which served as susceptible control. In cases of resistance, the evaluation was replicated by exposing the larvae to piperonyl butoxide (PB), S, S, S tributylphosphorotritionate (DEF), and ethacrynic acid (AE), in order to establish the detoxification mechanisms associated with the resistance. In these cases, a factor of synergism 50% (FS50) was also calculated.  Results:  The Orotina strain of Ae. aegyptiwas susceptible to temephos, malathion, deltamethrin and lambda cyhalothrin, but showed incipient resistance to cypermethrin (LC50 = 0.01103 mg/L, FR50 = 5.32). Only PB reversed the state of resistance (FS50 = 10.92), which suggests a detoxification mechanism associated with the citochrome P450 monooxygenase system.  Discussion:  Although the Ae. aegyptistrain from Orotina showed resistance to cypermethrin, it was susceptible to other insecticides, which can be used as alternative options for chemical control of the vector. Conclusions: Monitoring of resistance is required to ensure the effectiveness of insecticides used in chemical control.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[dengue]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[insecticidas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[resistencia a insecticidas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Aedes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[control de vectores.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[dengue]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[insecticides]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[insecticide resistance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Aedes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[vector control]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado-Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paredes-Solís]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nava-Aguilera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alarcón-Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balderas-Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessing the effects of interventions for Aedes aegypti control: systematic review and meta-analysis of cluster randomised controlled trials.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Public Health]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>^s1</numero>
<issue>^s1</issue>
<supplement>1</supplement>
<page-range>384</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio de Salud (Costa Rica)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis de situación de salud]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morice-Trejos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marín-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ávila-Agüero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El dengue en Costa Rica: evolución histórica, situación actual y desafíos. En: La salud pública en Costa Rica. Estado actual retos y perspectivas. Sistema editorial y de difusión de la información.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<page-range>197-217</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Troyo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porcelain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calderón-Arguedas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chadee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dengue in Costa Rica: the gap in local scientific research]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Panam. Salud Publica]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>350-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manjarres-Suarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olivero-Verbel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chemical control of Aedes aegypti: a historical perspective.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. costarric. salud pública]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<page-range>68-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calderón-Arguedas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Troyo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Perfil de resistencia a insecticidas en una cepa de Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) de la región Caribe de Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Cubana Med. Trop.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>66</volume>
<page-range>351-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bisset]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Severson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ricardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[French]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Insecticide resistance in two Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) strains from Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vector Control J. Med. Entomol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<page-range>352-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calderón-Arguedas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Troyo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación de la resistencia a insecticidas en cepas de Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) de la región Caribe de Costa Rica.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Cubana Med. Trop]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio de Salud (Costa Rica)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Situación del Dengue 2015]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio de Salud (Costa Rica).</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Situación del chinkungunya 2016]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio de Salud (Costa Rica)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Zika 2016.]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Organización Mundial de la Salud</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Instructions for determining the susceptibility or resistance of adult mosquitos to organochlorine, organophosphate and carbamate insecticides diagnostic test]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ginebra ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazzari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Georghiou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Characterization of resistance to organophosphate, carbamate and pyrethroid insceticides in field populations of Aedes aegypti from Venezuela]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Am. Mosq. Cont. Assoc.]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>315-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cáceres-Carrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Determinación de la Resistencia a Insecticidas y sus Mecanismos en Poblaciones de Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) en Algunos Países América Central (Tesis).]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[La Habana ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bisset]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cáceres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Niveles de resistencia a insecticidas y sus mecanismos en 2 cepasde Aedes aegypti de Panamá.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Cubana Med Trop]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<page-range>191-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bisset]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[San Martín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montoya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación de la resistencia a insecticidas de una cepa de Aedes aegypti de El Salvador.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Panam. Salud Pública]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>229-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Conde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orjuela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castellanos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrera-Varela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Licastro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quiñones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sensibilidad a insecticidas en poblaciones de Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) del departamento de Caldas, Colombia, en 2007 y 2011]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biomédica]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>43-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bisset]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Uso correcto de insecticidas: control de la resistencia.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Cubana Med Trop]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<page-range>202-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calderón-Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leyva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figueredo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Niveles de susceptibilidad de una cepa de Aedes aegypti procedente de Santiago de Cuba ante los insecticidas lambda cialotrina, cipermetrina y clorpirifós.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Cubana. Med. Trop.]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pyrethroid resistance in Insects: Genes, Mechanisms, and regulation.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pervent F. Insecticides. Advances in integrate pest management.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<month>.</month>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Intech]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hemingway]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ranson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Insecticide resistance in insect vector of human disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Rev. Entomol.]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<page-range>371-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
