<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1409-1429</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Costarricense de Salud Pública]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. costarric. salud pública]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-1429</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Costarricense de Salud Pública]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-14292016000200081</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Caracterización microbiológica y molecular de Staphylococcus aureus en productos cárnicos comercializados en Cartagena Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Microbiology and Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus in meat products marketed in Cartagena, Colombia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lersy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[López G]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alfonso]]></surname>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez M]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Héctor]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,aff1  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Sinú EBZ seccional Cartagena Escuela de Medicina ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Bogotá Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos ICTA ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>81</fpage>
<lpage>89</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-14292016000200081&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-14292016000200081&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-14292016000200081&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Staphylococcus aureus en la actualidad no solamente hace parte de los microorganismos nosocomiales sino también de enfermedades transmisibles por alimentos-ETAs.  Objetivo: Cuantificar y caracterizar por metodología microbiológica convencional y análisis molecular Staphylococcus aureus presente en carne de res y cerdo.  Método: Fueron utilizadas 160 muestras de carne molida de res y chuleta de cerdo, en 40 expendios de tres localidades de la ciudad de Cartagena: 1. Histórica y del caribe Norte (LH); 2. Industrial de la Bahía (LI); 3. De la Virgen y Turística (LV). Para la identificación microbiológica fue utilizada la técnica de recuento en placa y la técnica de Reacción en Cadena de Polimerasa (PCR).  Resultados: La metodología microbiológica convencional identificó Staphylococcus aureus en el 100 % de las muestras. La técnica PCR confirmó la presencia de Staphylococcus aureus en el 88 %. El 72 % de los expendios presento recuentos &gt; 100 UFC/g, 27 % presentaron recuentos &lt; 100 UFC/g. La localidad industrial de la Bahía presento (48,2 %), seguido de la localidad Histórica y del Caribe Norte con 34,4 %.  Discusión: El 32,5 % de los expendios analizados comercializan carne molida y chuleta de cerdo no apta para el consumo humano, por presentar recuentos que sobrepasan los parámetros de referencia para Staphylococcus aureus en carnes crudas picadas y molidas (100 - 1000 UFC/g). Fue determinada la presencia del gen MecA que codifica las cepas de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a Meticilina (SARM) en dos muestras que por metodología molecular no corresponde a Staphylococcus aureus.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Staphylococcus aureus at present not only is part of nosocomial microorganisms but also of food - borne diseases.  Objetive: Quantify and characterize by conventional microbiological and molecular analysis methodology to Staphylococcus in beef and pork meat.  Method: They were used 160 samples of ground beef and pork chop, 40 outlets in three locations in the city of Cartagena: 1. Historic North and Caribbean (LH) 2. Bay Industrial (LI) 3. Virgin and Tourism (LV). For microbiological identification was used the plate count technique and the technique of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).  Results: The conventional microbiological methods Staphylococcus aureus was identified in 100 % of samples, while the PCR confirmed the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in 88 %. In 72 % of outlets were found counts &gt; 100 CFU/g, 27 % had counts &lt; 100 CFU/g. The highest percentage was found in the industrial town of Bay (48,2 %), followed by the Historical town and North Caribbean with 34,4 %. 32,5 % of analyzed are marketing outlets and ground pork chop unfit for human consumption meat, to present counts that exceed benchmarks for Staphylococcus aureus in raw meat chopped and ground (100-1000 CFU/g). It was determined the presence of the MecA gene encoding strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in two samples by molecular methods is not for Staphylococcus aureus.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Inocuidad de los alimentos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[carne]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[alimentos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bacterias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[food safety]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[meat]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[food]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bacteria]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murray Patrick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pfaller Michael]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Microbiología médica]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<edition>5</edition>
<page-range>221-36</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Elsevier España]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larsen AR]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Steagerm]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Böcher S]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sourm M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monnet DL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Skou RL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Emergence and characterization of community associated Metticillin - Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Denmark, 1999 to 2006]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>73-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O&#8217;Donoghue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boost]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Occupational exposure to raw meat: A newly-recognized risk factorfor Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization amongst food handlers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>217</volume>
<page-range>347-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gordon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lowy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pathogenesis of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Infection Clin Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<page-range>350-3589</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loessner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Golden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of foods that affect microbial growth. In: Heldman DR (ed) Modern Food Microbiology]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<page-range>39-59</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer Science]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kérouanton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hennekinne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Letertre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chesneau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brisabois]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Buyser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus strains associated with food poisoning outbreaks in France]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Food Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>115</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>369-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kenneth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wener]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Department of Infectious Diseases. Lahey Clinic, Burlington, MA. Review provided by Veri Med Healthcare Network]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>SIVIGILA Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia en Salud Pública</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Enfermedades Transmitidas por Alimentos]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Norma sanitaria que establece los criterios Microbiológicos de calidad sanitaria e inocuidad para los alimentos y bebidas de consumo humano]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>ICONTEC Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas</collab>
<source><![CDATA[NTC 4491-2, Microbiología de alimentos y de alimentos para animales. Preparación de muestras para ensayo, suspensiones iniciales y diluciones decimales para los análisis microbiológicos. Parte 2: Reglas específicas para la preparación de carne y productos cárnicos]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Manual de Técnicas de Análisis para Control de Calidad Microbiológico de Alimentos para Consumo Humano]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá, Colombia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ministerio de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Vigilancia de Alimentos y Medicamentos INVIMA]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Instituto Colombiano Norma Técnica. ICONTEC</collab>
<source><![CDATA[NTC 4779. Microbiología de alimentos y alimentos para animales. Método horizontal para el recuento de Estafilococos coagulasa positiva (Staphylococcus aureus y otras especies)]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bettin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Causil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Molecular identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus nasal isolates from medical students in Cartagena, Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Braz J Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>329-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Estudio sectorial Carne Bovina en Colombia (2009 - 2011) Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>FEDEGAN Federación Colombiana de Ganaderos</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Estadísticas Archivo de datos]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>DANE Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Resultados Encuesta Nacional Agropecuaria]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agersø]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hasman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cavaco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aarestrup]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Study of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Danish pigs at slaughter and in imported retail meat reveals a novel MRSA type in slaughter pigs]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Veterinary Microbiology]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>157</volume>
<page-range>246-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dressler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scheibel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wardyn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roberts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kroeger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) on retail meat in Iowa]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Infection and Public Health]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>169-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nadal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chacon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morffi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vallin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Frecuencia de Aislamientos de Staphylococcus spp Meticilina Resistente en el Hospital Pediátrico "William Soler". Revista CENIC]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ciencias Biológicas]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<page-range>20-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>INS Instituto Nacional de Salud</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Evaluación de riesgos de Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxigénico en alimentos preparados no industriales en Colombia. Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. Unidad de Evaluación de Riesgos para la Inocuidad de los Alimentos UERIA]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá D.C ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
