<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1409-1429</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Costarricense de Salud Pública]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. costarric. salud pública]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-1429</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Costarricense de Salud Pública]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-14292014000200003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Aluminio: ingestión, absorción, excreción y toxicidad]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Aluminum: Intake, absorption, excretion and toxicity]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández-Maestre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Cartagena  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>111</fpage>
<lpage>116</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-14292014000200003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-14292014000200003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-14292014000200003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Objetivo: Revisar la toxicidad del aluminio (Al), haciendo seguimiento a su absorción, deposición en los tejidos, patologías relacionadas, y excreción. Cuerpo: La toxicidad del Al, conocida solo desde los años 70´s, se manifiesta especialmente en personas sometidas a diálisis con aguas de alto contenido de este metal y en pacientes con úlcera péptica que han sido tratados por largo tiempo con hidróxido de Al. El Al es responsable de enfermedades óseas, hepatobiliares y anemia. Los efectos nocivos del Al en el cerebro se deben a la inhibición de enzimas y a la deformación estructural de algunas proteínas que causan, entre otras anormalidades, acumulación de placas de alumino-silicatos amorfos en las neuronas y marañas neurofibrilares que causan encefalopatías mortales si no se tratan a tiempo. Además, se le relaciona con la enfermedad de Alzheimer, esclerosis lateral amiotrófica, síndrome de Down, y mal de Parkinson. Conclusión: En condiciones normales (personas con función renal normal, consumo balanceado de alimentos, uso moderado de drogas e ingestión de agua con niveles aceptables de Al) éste metal no constituye una amenaza para la salud.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Objective: To review the toxicity of aluminum, tracking its absorption, deposition in tissues, related pathologies, and excretion. Development: Al toxicity, known only from the 70's, is especially evident in dialysis patients that use high Al content dialysates and peptic ulcer patients who have been treated for a long time with Al hydroxide. Al is responsible for bone and hepatobiliary diseases, and anemia. The harmful effects of Al in the brain are due to inhibition of enzymes and structural deformation of some proteins that cause, among other abnormalities, accumulation of amorphous aluminosilicate plaques in neurons and neurofibrillary tangles that cause fatal encephalopathies if not treated on time. In addition, Al is associated with Alzheimer's disease, lateral amyotrophic sclerosis, Down syndrome, and Parkinson's disease. Conclusion: In normal conditions (normal renal function, balanced food consumption, moderate drug use and water intake with acceptable levels of Al) this metal is not a threat to human health.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Aluminio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Toxicidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Diálisis Renal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Enfermedad de Alzheimer]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Osteomalacia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Enfermedad de Parkinson]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Sindrome de Down]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Aluminum]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Toxicity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Osteomalacia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Renal Dialysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Alzheimer Disease]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Parkinson Disease]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Down Syndrome]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <div class="Section1">     <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;" align="right"><b><span  style="font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">Original</span></b></p>     <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><b><span  style="font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">Aluminio: ingestión, absorción, excreción y toxicidad</span></b></p>     <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><b><span  style="font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">Aluminum: Intake, absorption, excretion and toxicity</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><b><span  style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">Roberto Fernández-Maestre, <span class="SpellE">Ph.D</span>.    <br> </span></b></p>     <div style="text-align: left;"><b><span  style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR"></span></b><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">    <br> <a name="Correspondencia2"></a>*<a href="#Correspondencia1">Dirección para correspondencia: </a></span>    <br> <b><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR"></span></b></div>     <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span  style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR"></span></b></p> <hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span  style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">Resumen </span></b></p>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><b><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">Objetivo: </span></b><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">Revisar la toxicidad del aluminio (Al), haciendo seguimiento a su absorción, deposición en los tejidos, patologías relacionadas, y excreción.</span></p>     <div style="text-align: justify;"></div>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><b><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">Cuerpo: </span></b><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">La toxicidad del Al, conocida solo desde los años 70<span class="SpellE">´s</span>, se manifiesta especialmente en personas sometidas a diálisis con aguas de alto contenido de este metal y en pacientes con úlcera péptica que han sido tratados por largo tiempo con hidróxido de Al. El Al es responsable de enfermedades óseas, <span class="SpellE">hepatobiliares</span> y anemia. Los efectos nocivos del Al en el cerebro se deben a la inhibición de enzimas y a la deformación estructural de algunas proteínas que causan, entre otras anormalidades, acumulación de placas de <span class="SpellE">alumino</span>-silicatos amorfos en las neuronas y marañas <span class="SpellE">neurofibrilares</span> que causan encefalopatías mortales si no se tratan a tiempo. Además, se le relaciona con la enfermedad de Alzheimer, esclerosis lateral amiotrófica, síndrome de <span class="SpellE">Down</span>, y mal de Parkinson.</span></p>     <div style="text-align: justify;"></div>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><b><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">Conclusión: </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;"  lang="ES-CR">En condiciones normales (personas con función renal normal, consumo balanceado de alimentos, uso moderado de drogas e ingestión de agua con niveles aceptables de Al) éste metal no constituye una amenaza para la salud. </span></p>     <div style="text-align: justify;"></div>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><b><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">Palabras clave</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;"  lang="ES-CR">: Aluminio, Toxicidad, Diálisis Renal, Enfermedad de Alzheimer, Osteomalacia, Enfermedad de Parkinson, <span class="SpellE">Sindrome</span> de <span  class="SpellE">Down</span> (fuente: <span class="SpellE">DeCS</span>, BIREME).</span></p>     <div style="text-align: justify;"></div>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><b><span  style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">Summary </span></b><span  style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<div style="text-align: justify;"></div>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><b><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">Objective: </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;"  lang="EN-US">To review the toxicity of aluminum, tracking its absorption, deposition in tissues, related pathologies, and excretion.</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <div style="text-align: justify;"></div>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><b><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">Development: </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;"  lang="EN-US">Al toxicity, known only from the 70's, is especially evident in dialysis patients that use high Al content <span class="SpellE">dialysates</span> and peptic ulcer patients who have been treated for a long time with Al hydroxide. Al is responsible for bone and <span class="SpellE">hepatobiliary</span> diseases, and anemia. The harmful effects of Al in the brain are due to inhibition of enzymes and structural deformation of some proteins that cause, among other abnormalities, accumulation of amorphous <span class="SpellE">aluminosilicate</span> plaques in neurons and <span class="SpellE">neurofibrillary</span> tangles that cause fatal <span class="SpellE">encephalopathies</span> if not treated on time. In addition, Al is associated with Alzheimer's disease, lateral amyotrophic sclerosis, Down syndrome, and Parkinson's disease.</span><span style=""  lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <div style="text-align: justify;"></div>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><b><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;"  lang="EN-US">In normal conditions (normal renal function, balanced food consumption, moderate drug use and water intake with acceptable levels of Al) this metal is not a threat to human health. </span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <div style="text-align: justify;"></div>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><b><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">Keywords</span></b><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">: Aluminum, Toxicity, <span class="SpellE">Osteomalacia</span>, Renal Dialysis, Alzheimer Disease, <span class="GramE">Parkinson</span> Disease, Down Syndrome (source: <span class="SpellE">MeSH</span>, NLM)</span><span style=""  lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;"></span></p> <hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;">     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;">E</span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">l <b>Al </b>es el metal más abundante de la corteza terrestre y se presenta comúnmente en tierras y rocas, en el agua, el aire y los alimentos. Es un metal de muy baja toxicidad que ingresa a los seres vivos principalmente por la dieta. En situaciones anormales, el Al se acumula en diversos órganos del cuerpo donde causa enfermedades, las más graves en el sistema nervioso; estas situaciones incluyen enfermedad renal, uso prolongado de medicamentos con altas concentraciones de Al e intoxicación accidental.</span></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span  style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">Ingestión del Al</span></b></p>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">El Al es un elemento no esencial ingerido en cantidades de 3-5 <span class="SpellE">mg</span> por día (<a href="#1">1</a>), que puede variar con la alimentación, los medicamentos y el agua consumidas. La <b>ingestión </b>de Al proviene en un 89 % de alimentos y en un 10 % del agua (<a href="#2">2</a>). Algunas plantas como el té almacenan Al en sus tejidos (<a href="#3">3</a>); además, el agua de los acueductos puede contener altas concentraciones del elemento proveniente del suelo o del tratamiento del líquido, donde se utilizan compuestos de Al como floculantes (<a href="#4">4</a>). Fosfatos o silicatos de sodio y Al se usan en la preparación de algunos alimentos como queso y polvo de hornear (<a href="#5">5</a>) y drogas tales como antiácidos y <span class="SpellE">geles</span> que disminuyen los niveles séricos de fosfato (<a href="#6">6</a>). Otros alimentos como fórmulas infantiles pueden presentar altas concentraciones de Al (<a href="#7">7</a>), lo que convierte a los lactantes en un grupo de riesgo ya que en ellos no se ha desarrollado completamente la capacidad renal. La situación se complica si los niños presentan falla renal (<a href="#8">8</a>). Por otro lado, se ha encontrado un incremento en el contenido de Al de bebidas enlatadas con el tiempo (<a href="#9">9,10</a>), aunque no contribuye significativamente a la cantidad ingerida en la dieta.</span></p>     <div style="text-align: justify;"></div>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">Otra vía de entrada del Al <span class="SpellE">al</span> organismo son la inhalación que, aunque produce desórdenes cognitivos (<a  href="#11">11</a>), se considera relativamente inocua y las vacunas para recién nacidos que contienen compuestos de Al como adyuvantes (<a href="#12">12</a>). </span></p>     <div style="text-align: justify;"></div>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">La intoxicación con Al debida al uso de antitranspirantes ha sido descartada (<a href="#13">13</a>).</span></p>     <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span  style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">Absorción del Al</span></b></p>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">El Al se absorbe especialmente por el duodeno cercano y el estómago, pues a medida que disminuye el pH su solubilidad aumenta (<a href="#14">14</a>). La porción absorbida es una pequeña fracción de la ingerida, ya que el organismo bloquea su absorción (<a href="#15">15</a>). El silicio (<a  href="#16">16</a>) y el calcio (<a href="#17">17</a>) disminuyen la absorción del Al y el fluoruro (<a href="#18">18</a>) y el citrato (de 6 a 20 veces) la aumentan (<a href="#19">19</a>). El ácido silícico Si-(OH)4 interacciona con Al en solución acuosa para formar <span class="SpellE">hidroxialuminosilicatos</span> no absorbibles (20). Por esto se ha postulado la adición de este compuesto a los suministros de agua municipales para disminuir la absorción gastrointestinal de Al (<a href="#21">21</a>) aunque tal adición podría reemplazar un problema por otro.</span></p>     <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">Excreción y deposición de Al en los tejidos</span></b></p>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">El Al absorbido es eliminado rápidamente por los riñones en cantidades de 15 a 55 <span class="SpellE">&#956;g</span>/día (<a href="#22">22</a>) pero cuando la capacidad excretoria del riñón es excedida algo de Al se deposita en los tejidos, donde puede alcanzar niveles tóxicos. Esto se presenta en pacientes que reciben grandes cantidades <span class="SpellE">parenterales</span> de Al (<a href="#23">23</a>), en pacientes en tratamientos con dializados que contienen altas concentraciones de Al (<a href="#24">24,25</a>), en pacientes afectados por úlcera péptica que han registrado tratamiento prolongado con antiácidos de sales del metal (<a href="#26">26</a>), en algunos habitantes que consumen aguas con elevadas cantidades de Al (<a  href="#27">27</a>), en lactantes alimentados con fórmulas de alto contenido de Al especialmente si sufren de falla renal (<a href="#8">8</a>), en individuos <span  class="SpellE">ocupacionalmente</span> expuestos (<a href="#11">11</a>), y en casos accidentales (<a href="#28">28</a>).</span></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<div style="text-align: justify;"></div>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">Niveles altos de Al causan diversas enfermedades debido a su interferencia con diferentes mecanismos biológicos y enzimáticos. En los huesos se produce la mayor acumulación de Al (<a href="#29">29</a>). A nivel glandular, el Al inhibe la síntesis de la hormona <span class="SpellE">paratiroidea</span> y disminuye la respuesta ósea a la misma (<a href="#30">30</a>). En la médula y bazo inhibe la hematopoyesis provocando anemia (<a href="#31">31</a>). Los desórdenes más graves y letales del Al se deben a su acumulación en el <b>cerebro </b>donde provoca encefalopatías de desenlaces fatales sin no son tratadas a tiempo (<a href="#32">32,33</a>).</span></p>     <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span  style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">Al y diálisis renal</span></b></p>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">Un grupo de riesgo son los pacientes en diálisis. El pH del dializado es importante: A pH de 6,5 a 7,6 el paso de Al del dializado a la sangre es despreciable, pero se incrementa a pH mayor o menor (<a  href="#34">34</a>). Esto explica porque el Al sérico fue mayor en pacientes en diálisis peritoneal (pH del dializado = 5,5) que en aquellos en hemodiálisis (pH=7,3) (<a  href="#35">35</a>). El paso de Al del dializado a la sangre aumenta a pH bajo pues los aluminosilicatos son insolubles a pH 7,4 pero el aluminosilicatos son insolubles a pH 7,4 pero el Al se <span class="SpellE">solubiliza</span> a pH menor de 6,6 enlazándose a fosfatos (<a href="#36">36</a>).</span></p>     <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span  style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">Al en la sangre</span></b></p>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">En la sangre el Al se encuentra en un 95 % enlazado a la transferrina, la proteína transportadora de hierro, y en una concentración menor que 10 <span class="SpellE">&#956;gL</span>-1 (<a href="#37">37</a>), por lo que el Al <span class="SpellE">dializable</span> constituye menos del 10 % de la cantidad total. En la sangre hay un exceso de transferrina sobre Al pero en EA y el síndrome de <span class="SpellE">Down</span> se presenta un exceso de Al enlazado a especies de bajo peso molecular responsables, especialmente los citratos, de su deposición en el sistema nervioso; este exceso se debe a una mayor absorción intestinal de Al probablemente relacionado, en el síndrome de <span  class="SpellE">Down</span>, con una proteína intestinal codificada por el gen 21 (<a href="#38">38</a>).</span></p>     <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span  style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">Al en los huesos</span></b></p>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">En los huesos se produce la mayor acumulación de Al (<a href="#39">39</a>). La insuficiencia renal crónica produce una enfermedad metabólica llamada enfermedad ósea renal u <span class="SpellE">osteodistrofia</span> renal. Uno de los elementos implicados en esta enfermedad es el Al, conociéndose como enfermedad ósea inducida por Al a los cambios que el metal produce en el hueso, siendo la osteomalacia y la enfermedad ósea adinámica las formas más frecuentes asociadas a ésta (<a href="#40">40</a>).</span></p>     <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span  style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">Neurotoxicidad del Al</span></b></p>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">Los desórdenes más graves del Al se deben a su acumulación cerebral, la cual provoca encefalopatías fatales, encefalopatía por diálisis (<a href="#32">32</a>), y se relaciona con EA (<a href="#41">41</a>), autismo (<a href="#12">12</a>), enfermedad de Parkinson y esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (<a href="#42">42</a>), y síndrome de <span  class="SpellE">Down</span> (<a href="#40">40</a>). En el cerebro, el Al se acumula como <span  class="SpellE">aluminosili</span>-<span class="SpellE">catos</span> amorfos en la corteza de placas seniles de EA, una afección degenerativa del sistema nervioso que comparte muchas de las alteraciones bioquímicas, morfológicas y fisiológicas de la encefalopatía por diálisis (<a href="#43">43</a>). A pesar de que el Al potencia algunos síntomas de EA, no se ha probado que el metal la pueda causar (<a href="#27">27</a>). La EA se confirma post-mortem por la presencia de redes de <span class="SpellE">neurofibras</span> y placas seniles, constituidas estas por numerosas células nerviosas degeneradas, embebidas en <span class="SpellE">pro</span>-teínas como la proteína beta amiloidea, beta A (<a href="#44">44</a>). Por lo tanto, las patologías inducidas por Al son un medio para estudiar muchas enfermedades degenerativas del sistema nervioso (<a href="#42">42</a>). Van <span class="SpellE">Rensburg</span> ET AL. (<a href="#45">45</a>) formularon las siguientes hipótesis del desarrollo de EA y su posible relación con Al con base en experimentos in <span  class="SpellE">vitro</span>:</span></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<div style="text-align: justify;"></div>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">1. En EA, grandes cantidades de Al ingresan al cerebro y exacerban la <span class="SpellE">peroxidación</span> lipídica inducida por el hierro en los lisosomas. </span></p>     <div style="text-align: justify;"></div>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">2. En respuesta, se altera la síntesis de la proteína <span class="SpellE">amiloide</span> y se producen fragmentos beta A, que separan al <span class="SpellE">Al</span> y hierro en placas. </span></p>     <div style="text-align: justify;"></div>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">3. La microglia se activa y segrega especies oxigenadas reactivas como H2O2 para destruir las placas. En este punto, la <span class="SpellE">peroxidación</span> lipídica causa una pérdida catastrófica de neuronas. </span></p>     <div style="text-align: justify;"></div>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">4. La <span  class="SpellE">melatonina</span>, con otros destructores de radicales libres, reduce el daño causado. Como la <span  class="SpellE">melatonina</span> es producida por la glándula pineal sólo en la oscuridad y considerando que el Al es un factor <span class="SpellE">potenciante</span> de EA, el exceso de luz eléctrica en los países desarrollados podría explicar en parte por qué esta enfermedad es más común en estos países que en África rural (<a href="#45">45</a>).</span></p>     <div style="text-align: justify;"></div>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">A pesar de la frecuencia de EA en poblaciones expuestas a altas concentraciones de Al, las evidencias epidemiológicas continúan siendo equívocas y los resultados de estos trabajos han sido muy controvertidos. En unos estudios se ha asociado el Al en antitranspirantes con EA (<a href="#46">46</a>), y en otros no (<a href="#13">13</a>,<a  href="#47">47</a>). </span></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<div style="text-align: justify;"></div>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">Igualmente, otros estudios encontraron relación entre Al en agua potable con EA (<a href="#48">48</a>), y otros no (<a  href="#49">49</a>) probablemente debido a un mal diseño de los experimentos.</span></p>     <div style="text-align: justify;"></div>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">Finalmente, se ha reportado que en pacientes sometidos a <span class="SpellE">otoneurocirugía</span> y reconstruidos con cemento óseo a base de Al, éste se ha liberado de las uniones de los huesos del oído medio y ha pasado al cerebro a través del líquido cefalorraquídeo, donde ha producido la muerte en pocos meses (<a href="#50">50</a>).</span></p>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><b><span  style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">Al y la piel</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;" lang="ES-CR">. </span></b><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">La exposición prolongada al <span class="SpellE">Al</span> de pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica podría producir prurito urémico (<a  href="#51">51</a>) y dermatitis <span class="SpellE">bulosa</span>, clínicamente parecida a la <span class="SpellE">porfiria</span> cutánea tarda por las lesiones de la piel y la <span class="SpellE">fotosensibilidad</span>. Estas afecciones son causadas por elevados niveles sanguíneos de porfirina debido a su ineficiente excreción renal o vía diálisis e influencia perniciosa del Al sobre el metabolismo de la porfirina (<a href="#52">52</a>).</span></p>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><b><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">Otros tejidos. </span></b><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">En ratones machos tratados con nitrato de Al <span class="SpellE">intraperitoneal</span> en dosis de 0, 50, 100 y 200 <span class="SpellE">mg</span>/<span  class="SpellE">kg</span>/día por 4 semanas, se observaron efectos adversos en el sistema reproductor a 100 y 200 <span class="SpellE">mg</span>/<span class="SpellE">kg</span>/día como disminución del porcentaje de preñez en hembras apareadas con los machos tratados, del conteo de <span class="SpellE">espermátides</span> y de esperma <span class="SpellE">epididimal</span>, necrosis en <span  class="SpellE">espermatocitos</span> y <span class="SpellE">espermátides</span>, y disminución del peso testicular y <span class="SpellE">epididimal</span> (<a href="#53">53</a>). Sin embargo, se ha reportado que el Al no tiene efectos tóxicos sobre el sistema reproductor en ratas hasta 5000 <span  class="SpellE">ppm</span> de Al en agua de consumo, excepto por algunas <span class="SpellE">disturbaciones</span> ligeras temporales de la abertura vaginal (<a href="#54">54</a>) condiciones menos severas y más realistas. En la médula y bazo<b>, </b>la exposición a 4 <span class="SpellE">mg</span>/<span class="SpellE">kg</span> de cloruro de aluminio <span class="SpellE">intraperitoneal</span> por día en ratas condujo a disminución de niveles séricos de hierro, hemoglobina y hematocrito después de 3 semanas (<a href="#55">55</a>) fenómeno que se traduce en anemia.</span></p>     <p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">Podemos concluir, que en personas con función renal normal, consumo balanceado de alimentos, uso moderado de drogas e ingestión de agua con niveles aceptables de Al, éste no constituye una amenaza a corto o largo plazo para sus estados de salud.</span></p>     <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span  style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"></span></b></p> <hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;">     <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span  style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">Referencias </span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a name="1"></a>1. <span class="SpellE">Saiyed</span> SM, Yokel RA. <span class="GramE">Aluminum content of some foods and food products in the <st1:country-region  w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">USA</st1:place></st1:country-region>, with aluminum food additives.</span> <span class="GramE">Food <span  class="SpellE">Addit</span>.</span> <span class="SpellE"><span class="GramE">Contam</span></span><span  class="GramE">.</span> 2005; 22(3):234–244.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850495&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a name="2"></a>2. <span class="SpellE">Greger</span> JL. <span class="GramE">Dietary and Other Sources of <span class="SpellE">Aluminium</span> Intake.</span> In: <span class="SpellE">Aluminium</span> in Biology and Medicine. CIBA Foundation Symposium 169. Editors: Chadwick DJ, Whelan J. 2007. p. 26–49.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850497&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a name="3"></a>3. <span class="SpellE">Malik</span> J, <span class="SpellE">Frankova</span> A, <span class="SpellE">Drabek</span> O, <span class="SpellE">Szakova</span> J, Ash C, <span class="SpellE">Kokoska</span> L. <span class="SpellE">Aluminium</span> and other elements in selected herbal tea plant species and their infusions. Food Chem. 2013; 139(1–4):728-734.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850499&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></span><span  style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a name="4"></a>4. <span class="SpellE">Flaten</span> TP. Aluminum as a risk factor in Alzheimers disease, with emphasis on drinking water. Brain Res. Bull. 2001; 55(2):187–196.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850501&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a name="5"></a>5. Yokel RA, Hicks CL, <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Florence</st1:place></st1:city> RL. Aluminum bioavailability from basic sodium aluminum phosphate, an approved food additive emulsifying agent, incorporated in cheese. <span class="GramE">Food Chem. <span  class="SpellE">Toxicol</span>.</span> 2008; 46(6):2261-2266.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850503&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a name="6"></a>6. Mohammed I, Hutchison AJ. <span class="GramE">Oral phosphate binders for the management of serum phosphate levels in dialysis patients.</span> J. Renal Care. 2009; 35(1):65-70.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850505&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span  style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a name="7"></a>7. Navarro-<span class="SpellE">Blasco</span> I, Alvarez-Galindo JI. <span class="SpellE"><span class="GramE">Aluminium</span></span><span  class="GramE"> content of Spanish infant formula.</span> <span  class="GramE">Food <span class="SpellE">Addit</span>.</span> Contam. 2003; 20(5):470-81.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850507&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a name="8"></a>8. <span class="SpellE">Salusky</span> IB, Coburn JW, Nelson P, Goodman WG. <span class="GramE">Prospective evaluation of aluminum loading from formula in infants with uremia.</span> J. <span class="SpellE">Pediatr</span>. 1990; 116(5):726-9.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850509&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a name="9"></a>9. <span class="SpellE">Seruga</span> M, <span class="SpellE">Grgic</span> J, <span class="SpellE">Mandic</span> M. <span class="SpellE">Aluminium</span> content of soft drinks from <span class="SpellE">aluminium</span> cans. Z <span class="SpellE">Lebensm</span> <span class="SpellE">Unters</span> <span class="SpellE">Forsch</span> 1994; 198(4): 313-316.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850511&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300009&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span  style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="10"></a>10. Nicholas ES, <span class="SpellE">Ukoha</span> <st1:place  w:st="on">PO</st1:place>. Tin and <span class="SpellE">Aluminium</span> Concentration in Canned Foods, Drinks and Beverages Sold in Nigerian Markets. Chem. Mat. Res. 2013; 3(13):32-40.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850513&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="11"></a>11. <span class="SpellE">Buchta</span> AM, <span  class="SpellE">Kiesswetter</span> BE, <span class="SpellE">Schäper</span> BM, et al. Neurotoxicity of exposures to <span class="SpellE">aluminium</span> welding fumes in the truck trailer construction industry Environ. Toxicol Pharmacol, 2005; 19(3):677-685.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850515&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300011&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="12"></a>12. <span class="SpellE">Tomljenovic</span> L, <st1:place  w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Shaw</st1:city> <st1:state w:st="on">CA</st1:state></st1:place>. Do aluminum vaccine <span class="SpellE">adjuvants</span> contribute to the rising prevalence of autism? J. Inorg. Biochem. 2011; 105(11):1489-1499.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850517&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300012&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></span><span  style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="13"></a>13. <span class="SpellE">Théberge</span> V, <span  class="SpellE">Harel</span> F, <span class="SpellE">Dagnault</span> A. Use of <span class="SpellE">axillary</span> deodorant and effect on acute skin toxicity during radiotherapy for breast cancer: a prospective randomized <span  class="SpellE">noninferiority</span> trial. Int. J. <span class="SpellE">Radiat</span>. <span  class="SpellE"><span class="GramE">Oncol</span></span><span  class="GramE">.</span> Biol. Phys. 2009; 75(4):1048-1052.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850519&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300013&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="14"></a>14. Whitehead MW, Farrar G, Christie GL, Blair JA, Thompson RP, Powell JJ. <span class="GramE">Mechanisms of aluminum absorption in rats.</span> Am. J. <span class="SpellE">Clin</span>. <span  class="SpellE"><span class="GramE">Nutr</span></span><span  class="GramE">.</span> 1997; 65(5):1446-52.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850521&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300014&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span style=""  lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="15"></a>15. Powell JJ, Thompson RP. <span class="GramE">The chemistry of aluminum in the gastrointestinal lumen and its uptake and absorption.</span> Proc. <span class="SpellE">Nutr</span>. Soc. 1993; 52(1):241-253.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850523&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300015&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="16"></a>16. Domingo JL, <span class="SpellE">Gómez</span> M, <span  class="SpellE">Colomina</span> MT. Oral silicon supplementation: an effective therapy for preventing oral aluminum absorption and retention in mammals. <span class="SpellE"><span class="GramE">Nutr</span></span><span  class="GramE">.</span> Rev. 2011; 69(1): 41–51.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850525&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300016&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="17"></a>17. Lin JL, <span class="SpellE">Leu</span> ML. Calcium carbonate can enhance <span class="SpellE">aluminium</span> absorption from <span class="SpellE">aluminium</span> hydroxide in patients with impaired renal function. <span class="SpellE"><span class="GramE">Nephrol</span></span><span  class="GramE">.</span> Dial. <span class="GramE">Transplant.</span> 1996; 11(9):1891-1893.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850527&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300017&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="18"></a>18. Varner JA, <span class="SpellE">Huie</span> C, Horvath W, Jensen KF, Isaacson RL. Chronic aluminum <span  class="SpellE">trifluoride</span> administration: II. <span class="GramE">Selected histological observations.</span> <span class="SpellE"><span class="GramE">Neurosci</span></span><span  class="GramE">.</span> Res. <span class="SpellE">Commun</span>. 1993; 13(2), 99–104.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850529&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300018&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span  style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="19"></a>19. <span class="SpellE">Slanina</span> P, <span  class="SpellE">Frech</span> W, <span class="SpellE">Bernhardson</span> A, <span class="SpellE">Cedergren</span> A, <span class="SpellE">Mattsson</span> P. Influence of Dietary Factors on <span class="SpellE">Aluminium</span> Absorption and Retention in the Brain and Bone of Rats. Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. 1985; 56(4): 331–336.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850531&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300019&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="20"></a>20. <span class="SpellE">Birchall</span> JD. <span  class="GramE">Dissolved silica and bioavailability of <span  class="SpellE">aluminium</span>.</span> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="PT-BR">Lancet 1993; 342 (8866):299.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850533&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300020&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></span><span style="" lang="PT-BR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="PT-BR"><a  name="21"></a>21. <span class="SpellE">Foglio</span> E, <span  class="SpellE">Buffoli</span> B, <span class="SpellE">Exley</span> C, <span class="SpellE">Rezzani</span> R, <span class="SpellE">Rodella</span> LF. </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;"  lang="EN-US">Regular consumption of <span class="GramE">a <span class="SpellE">silicic</span></span> acid-rich water prevents <span class="SpellE">aluminium</span>-induced alterations of <span class="SpellE">nitrergic</span> neurons in mouse brain: <span class="SpellE">histochemical</span> and <span  class="SpellE">immunohistochemical</span> studies. <span class="SpellE"><span class="GramE">Histol</span></span><span  class="GramE">.</span> <span class="SpellE"><span class="GramE">Histopathol</span></span><span  class="GramE">.</span> 2012; 27(8):1055-66.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850535&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300021&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span style=""  lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="22"></a>22. <span class="SpellE">Alfrey</span> AC. Aluminum metabolism. Kidney Int. 1986; 29(18): S8-S11.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850537&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300022&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span style=""  lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="23"></a>23. Brown RO, Morgan LM, Bhattacharya SK, Johnson PL, <span  class="SpellE">Minard</span> G, Dickerson RN. <span class="GramE">Potential aluminum exposure from <span class="SpellE">parenteral</span> nutrition in patients with acute kidney injury.</span> Ann. <span class="SpellE">Pharmacother</span>. 2008; 42(10):1410-1415.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850539&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300023&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="24"></a>24. Jaffe JA, Liftman C, Glickman JD. Frequency of elevated serum aluminum levels in adult dialysis patients. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2005; 46(2):316-319.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850541&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300024&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="25"></a>25. <span class="SpellE">Fernández-Maestre</span> R. Aluminum contamination in blood serum and <span class="SpellE">dialysates</span> and prevalence of aluminum-related diseases in two Colombian hospitals. Rev. Costarric. Salud Pública 2013; 21(2):58–64.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850543&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300025&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></span><span style=""  lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="26"></a>26. <span class="SpellE">Gane</span> E, Sutton M.M, <span  class="SpellE">Pibbus</span> J, Hamilton I. Hepatic and cerebrospinal fluid accumulation of <span class="SpellE">aluminium</span> and bismuth in volunteers taking short course anti-ulcer therapy. </span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="PT-BR">J. <span  class="SpellE">Gastroenterol</span>. <span class="SpellE">Hepatol</span>. 1996; <span class="GramE">11(10):</span>911-915.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850545&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300026&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span style=""  lang="PT-BR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="PT-BR"><a  name="27"></a>27. <span class="SpellE">Rondeau</span> V, <span  class="SpellE">Jacqmin-Gadda</span> H, <span class="SpellE">Commenges</span> D, <span class="SpellE">Helmer</span> C, <span class="SpellE">Dartigues</span> JF. </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;"  lang="EN-US">Aluminum and silica in drinking water and the risk of Alzheimer's disease or cognitive decline: findings from 15-year follow-up of the PAQUID cohort. Am. J. <span  class="SpellE">Epidemiol</span>. 2009; 169(4):489-96.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850547&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300027&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span  style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="28"></a>28. <span class="SpellE">Hopkin</span> M. Death of Alzheimer victim linked to <span class="SpellE">aluminium</span> pollution. Nature news. April 21, 2006. doi:10.1038/news060417-10.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850549&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300028&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span style=""  lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="29"></a>29. <span class="SpellE">Rüster</span> M, <span  class="SpellE">Abendroth</span> K, Lehmann G, Stein G. Aluminum deposition in the bone of patients with chronic renal failure--detection of aluminum accumulation without signs of aluminum toxicity in bone using acid <span  class="SpellE">solochrome</span> <span class="SpellE">azurine</span>. Clin. Nephrol. 2002; 58(4):305-312.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850551&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300029&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></span><span  style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="30"></a>30. <span class="SpellE">Zitt</span> E, <span  class="SpellE">Jäger</span> C, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city  w:st="on"><span class="SpellE">Rosenkranz</span></st1:city> <st1:state  w:st="on">AR</st1:state></st1:place>, <span class="SpellE">Eigner</span> M, <span class="SpellE">Kodras</span> K, <span class="SpellE">Kovarik</span> J, et al. use of <span  class="SpellE">cinacalcet</span> for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in Austrian dialysis patients--results of the Austrian cohort of the ECHO study. Wien <span class="SpellE">Klin</span>. <span class="SpellE"><span class="GramE">Wochenschr</span></span><span  class="GramE">.</span> 2011; 123(1-2):45-52.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850553&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300030&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="31"></a>31. <span class="SpellE">Bignucolo</span> A, <span  class="SpellE">Lemire</span> J, Auger C, <span class="SpellE">Castonguay</span> Z, <span class="SpellE">Appanna</span> V, <span class="SpellE">Appanna</span> VD. The Molecular Connection <span class="GramE">Between</span> Aluminum Toxicity, Anemia, Inflammation and Obesity: Therapeutic Cues. In: Anemia. <span  class="SpellE"><span class="GramE">InTech</span></span><span  class="GramE">, Silverberg DS.</span> 2012.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850555&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300031&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="32"></a>32. <span class="SpellE">Malaki</span> M. Acute encephalopathy following the use of aluminum hydroxide in a boy affected with chronic kidney disease. J. <span class="SpellE">Pediatr</span>. <span  class="SpellE"><span class="GramE">Neurosci</span></span><span  class="GramE">.</span> 2013; 8(1): 81–82.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850557&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300032&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="33"></a>33. Kawahara M, Kato-<span class="SpellE">Negishi</span> M. Link between Aluminum and the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's <span  class="GramE">Disease</span>: The Integration of the Aluminum and <span class="SpellE">Amyloid</span> Cascade Hypotheses. Int. J. Alzheimers Dis. 2011: 276393.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850559&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300033&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span style=""  lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="34"></a>34. Gacek EM, Babb AL, Uvelli DA, Fry DL, Scribner BH. Dialysis dementia: the role of <span class="SpellE">dialysate</span> pH in altering the <span class="SpellE">dialyzability</span> of aluminum. Trans. Am. Soc. <span class="SpellE">Artif</span>. <span class="GramE">Intern.</span> <span class="GramE">Organs.</span> <span class="GramE">1979; 25:409-15.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850561&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300034&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></span></span><span  style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="35"></a>35. <span class="SpellE">Gilli</span> P, <span  class="SpellE">Farinelli</span> A, <span class="SpellE">Fagioli</span> F, De <span class="SpellE">Bastiani</span> P, <span class="SpellE">Buoncristiani</span> U. Serum <span class="SpellE">aluminium</span> levels in patients on peritoneal dialysis. Lancet 1980; 2(8197):742-3.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850563&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300035&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span style=""  lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="36"></a>36. <span class="SpellE">Birchall</span> JD, <span  class="SpellE">Chapell</span> JS. <span class="GramE">The chemistry of aluminum and silicon in relation to Alzheimer's disease.</span> <span class="SpellE">Clin.Chem</span>. 1988; 34(2):265-7.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850565&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300036&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="37"></a>37. <span class="SpellE">Murko</span> S, <span  class="SpellE">Milacic</span> R, <span class="SpellE">Scancar</span> J. Speciation of Al in human serum by convective-interaction media fast-monolithic chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection. J. <span class="SpellE">Inorg</span>. <span class="SpellE"><span  class="GramE">Biochem</span></span><span class="GramE">.</span> 2007; 101(9):1234-41.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850567&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300037&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="38"></a>38. Walton JR. Aluminum's Involvement in the Progression of <span class="GramE">Alzheimer</span></span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">'</span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><span  class="GramE">s Disease</span>. </span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">J. <span class="SpellE">Alzheimer</span></span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">'</span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR"><span  class="SpellE">s</span> <span class="SpellE">Dis</span>. 2013; 35(1):7–43.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850569&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300038&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR"><a  name="39"></a>39. <span class="SpellE">Mcgregor</span> S, Fernández MJ, Naves ML, et al. Acción del aluminio sobre las células óseas: efecto modulador de las <span class="SpellE">citoquinas</span>. Nefrología 1993; 13(<span class="SpellE">Supl</span>. 3):97-9.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850571&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300039&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR"><a  name="40"></a>40. Cannata-Andía JB, Rodriguez-García M, Gómez-Alonso C. Osteoporosis and adynamic bone in chronic kidney disease. </span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">J. Nephrol. 2013; 26(1):73-80.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850573&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300040&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="41"></a>41. Kawahara M. Effects of aluminum on the nervous system and its possible link with neurodegenerative diseases. J <span  class="SpellE">Alzheimers</span> Dis. 2005; 8(2):171–182.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850575&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300041&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span  style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="42"></a>42. <span class="SpellE">Muma</span> NA, Singer SM. Aluminum-induced neuropathology: Transient changes in microtubule-associated proteins. <span class="SpellE"><span class="GramE">Neurotoxicol</span></span><span  class="GramE">.</span> <span class="SpellE"><span class="GramE">Teratol</span></span><span  class="GramE">.</span> 1996; 18(6):679-690.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850577&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300042&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span style=""  lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="43"></a>43. Harrington CR, <span class="SpellE">Wischik</span> CM, McArthur FK, Taylor GA, et al. Alzheimer's-disease-like changes in tau protein processing: association with <span class="SpellE">aluminium</span> accumulation in brains of renal dialysis patients. Lancet 1994; 343(8904):993-7.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850579&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300043&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span  style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="44"></a>44. <span class="SpellE">Yumoto</span> S, <span  class="SpellE">Kakimi</span> S, <span class="SpellE">Ohsaki</span> A, Ishikawa A. Demonstration of aluminum in <span class="SpellE">amyloid</span> fibers in the cores of senile plaques in the brains of patients with Alzheimer</span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">'</span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">s disease. J. <span class="SpellE">Inorg</span>. <span class="SpellE"><span  class="GramE">Biochem</span></span><span class="GramE">.</span> 2009; 103(11):1579–1584.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850581&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300044&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="45"></a>45. Van <span class="SpellE">Rensburg</span> SJ, Daniel WM, <span class="SpellE">Potocnik</span> FC, Van <span class="SpellE">Zyl</span> JM, <span class="SpellE">Taljaard</span> JJ, <span class="SpellE">Emsley</span> RA. <span class="GramE">A new model for the <span class="SpellE">pathophysiology</span> of Alzheimer's disease.</span> S. Afr. Med. J. 1997; 87(9):1111-5.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850583&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300045&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></span><span  style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="46"></a>46. Graves AB, White E, <span class="SpellE">Koepsell</span> TD, <span class="SpellE">Reifler</span> BV, van Belle G, Larson EB. <span  class="GramE">The association between aluminum-containing products and Alzheimer</span></span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><span  class="GramE">'</span></span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><span  class="GramE">s disease.</span> J. <span class="SpellE">Clin</span>. <span  class="SpellE"><span class="GramE">Epidemiol</span></span><span  class="GramE">.</span> 1990; 43(1):35–44.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850585&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300046&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="47"></a>47. Lindsay J, <span class="SpellE">Laurin</span> D, <span  class="SpellE">Verreault</span> R, Hebert R, <span class="SpellE">Helliwell</span> B, Hill GB, et al. Risk factors for Alzheimer</span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><span  class="GramE">'</span></span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">s disease: a prospective analysis from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Am. J. <span  class="SpellE">Epidemiol</span>. 2002; 156(5):445–453.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850587&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300047&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="48"></a>48. <span class="SpellE">Rondeau</span> V, <span  class="SpellE">Commenges</span> D, <span class="SpellE">Jacqmin-Gadda</span> H, <span class="SpellE">Dartigues</span> JF. Relation between aluminum concentrations in drinking water and Alzheimer's disease: an 8-year follow-up study. Am. J. <span class="SpellE">Epidemiol</span>. 2000; 152(1):59–66.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850589&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300048&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span  style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="GramE"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="49"></a>49. <span class="SpellE">Martyn</span> CN, Coggon DN, <span class="SpellE">Inskip</span> H, Lacey RF, Young WF.</span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;"  lang="EN-US"> <span class="GramE">Aluminum concentrations in drinking water and risk of Alzheimer</span></span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">'</span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><span  class="GramE">s disease.</span> Epidemiology 1997; 8(3):281–286.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850591&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300049&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span  style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="50"></a>50. <span class="SpellE">Reusche</span> E, <span  class="SpellE">Pilz</span> P, <span class="SpellE">Oberascher</span> G, et al. <span class="SpellE">Subacute</span> fatal aluminum encephalopathy after reconstructive <span class="SpellE">otoneurosurgery</span>: a case report. Hum. <span  class="SpellE"><span class="GramE">Pathol</span></span><span  class="GramE">.</span> 2001; 32(10):1136-40.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850593&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300050&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="51"></a>51. Friga B, Linos A, Linos DA. Is aluminum toxicity responsible for uremic <span class="SpellE">pruritus</span> in chronic <span class="SpellE">hemodialysis</span> patients? Nephron 1997; 75(1):48-53.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850595&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300051&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="52"></a>52. <span class="SpellE">Gafter</span> U, Mamet R, <span  class="SpellE">Korzets</span> A, Malachi T, <span class="SpellE">Schoenfeld</span> N. <span class="SpellE">Bullous</span> <span class="SpellE">dermatosis</span> of end-stage renal disease: a possible association between abnormal <span  class="SpellE">porphyrin</span> metabolism and aluminum. <span  class="SpellE"><span class="GramE">Nephrol</span></span><span  class="GramE">.</span> Dial. <span class="GramE">Transplant.</span> 1996; 11(9):1787-91.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850597&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300052&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="53"></a>53. <span class="SpellE">Lobet</span> JM, <span  class="SpellE">Colomina</span> MT, <span class="SpellE">Sirvent</span> JJ, Domingo JL, <span class="SpellE">Corbella</span> J. Reproductive toxicology of aluminum in male mice. </span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="PT-BR">Fundam. <span  class="SpellE"><span class="GramE">Appl</span></span><span  class="GramE">.</span><span class="SpellE">Toxicol</span>. 1995; 25(1): 45-51.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850599&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300053&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span style="" lang="PT-BR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="PT-BR"><a  name="54"></a>54. <span class="SpellE">Hirata-Koizumi</span> M, <span  class="SpellE">Fujii</span> S, <span class="SpellE">Ono</span> A, <span  class="SpellE">Hirose</span> A, <span class="SpellE">Imai</span> T, <span  class="SpellE">Ogawa</span> K, <span class="SpellE"><span  class="GramE">et</span></span> al. </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;"  lang="EN-US">Evaluation of the reproductive and developmental toxicity of <span class="SpellE">aluminium</span> ammonium sulfate in a two-generation study in rats. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2011; 49(9):1948-59.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850601&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300054&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span  style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><a  name="55"></a>55. <span class="SpellE">Chmielnicka</span> J, <span  class="SpellE">Nasiadek</span> M, <span class="SpellE">Lewandowska-Zyndul</span> E, <span class="SpellE">Pi&#324;kowski</span> R. Effect of Aluminum on <span  class="SpellE">Hematopoiesis</span> after <span class="SpellE">Intraperitoneal</span> Exposure in Rats. </span><span class="SpellE"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">Ecotoxicol</span></span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR">. <span class="SpellE">Environ</span>. <span class="SpellE">Saf</span>. 1996; 33(3):201-6.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=850603&pid=S1409-1429201400020000300055&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></span></p>     <p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR"><a  name="Correspondencia1"></a><a href="#Correspondencia2">*</a>Correspondencia a:Licenciado en Biología y Química, <span class="SpellE">Ph.D</span>. en Química Analítica, Programa de Química, Campus de San Pablo, Universidad de Cartagena, Colombia, <span class="SpellE">rfernandezm@unicartagena.edu.co    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br> </span></span></p>     <p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR"><span  class="SpellE"></span></span></p> <hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;">     <div style="text-align: center;"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR"><span  class="SpellE">Recibido: 27 marzo 2014 Aceptado: 13 noviembre 2014</span></span>    <br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="ES-CR"><span  class="SpellE"></span></span></div> </div>      ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saiyed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yokel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Aluminum content of some foods and food products in the USA, with aluminum food additives]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Food Addit. Contam]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>234-244</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Greger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Dietary and Other Sources of Aluminium Intake]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chadwick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whelan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aluminium in Biology and Medicine: CIBA Foundation Symposium 169]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<page-range>26-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frankova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Drabek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Szakova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ash]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kokoska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Aluminium and other elements in selected herbal tea plant species and their infusions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Food Chem]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>139</volume>
<page-range>1-4</page-range><page-range>728-734</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flaten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Aluminum as a risk factor in Alzheimer's disease, with emphasis on drinking water]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Brain Res. Bull]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>187-196</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yokel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hicks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Florence]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Food Chem. Toxicol]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>2261-2266</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mohammed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hutchison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Oral phosphate binders for the management of serum phosphate levels in dialysis patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Renal Care]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>65-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navarro-Blasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarez-Galindo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JI]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Aluminium content of Spanish infant formula]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Food Addit. Contam]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>470-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salusky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coburn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nelson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goodman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Prospective evaluation of aluminum loading from formula in infants with uremia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Pediatr]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>116</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>726-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seruga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grgic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mandic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Aluminium content of soft drinks from aluminium cans]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Z Lebensm Unters Forsch]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>198</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>313-316</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nicholas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ES]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ukoha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PO]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Tin and Aluminium Concentration in Canned Foods, Drinks and Beverages Sold in Nigerian Markets]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chem. Mat. Res]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>13</numero>
<issue>13</issue>
<page-range>32-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buchta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kiesswetter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schäper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Neurotoxicity of exposures to aluminium welding fumes in the truck trailer construction industry Environ]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Toxicol Pharmacol]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>677-685</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tomljenovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shaw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Do aluminum vaccine adjuvants contribute to the rising prevalence of autism?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Inorg. Biochem]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>105</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>1489-1499</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Théberge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dagnault]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Use of axillary deodorant and effect on acute skin toxicity during radiotherapy for breast cancer: a prospective randomized noninferiority trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>75</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1048-1052</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whitehead]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farrar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Christie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blair]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thompson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Powell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Mechanisms of aluminum absorption in rats]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am. J. Clin. Nutr]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1446-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Powell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thompson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The chemistry of aluminum in the gastrointestinal lumen and its uptake and absorption]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proc. Nutr. Soc]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>241-253</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domingo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colomina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Oral silicon supplementation: an effective therapy for preventing oral aluminum absorption and retention in mammals]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutr. Rev]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>41-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Calcium carbonate can enhance aluminium absorption from aluminium hydroxide in patients with impaired renal function]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nephrol. Dial. Transplant]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1891-1893</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Varner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horvath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Isaacson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Chronic aluminum trifluoride administration: II. Selected histological observations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neurosci. Res. Commun]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>99-104</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Slanina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frech]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernhardson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cedergren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mattsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Influence of Dietary Factors on Aluminium Absorption and Retention in the Brain and Bone of Rats]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>331-336</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Birchall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Dissolved silica and bioavailability of aluminium]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>342</volume>
<numero>8866</numero>
<issue>8866</issue>
<page-range>299</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foglio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buffoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Exley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rezzani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Regular consumption of a silicic acid-rich water prevents aluminium-induced alterations of nitrergic neurons in mouse brain: histochemical and immunohistochemical studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Histol. Histopathol]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1055-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alfrey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Aluminum metabolism]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Kidney Int]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>18</numero>
<issue>18</issue>
<page-range>S8-S11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brown]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morgan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhattacharya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Minard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dickerson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Potential aluminum exposure from parenteral nutrition in patients with acute kidney injury]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann. Pharmacother]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1410-1415</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaffe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liftman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glickman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Frequency of elevated serum aluminum levels in adult dialysis patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am. J. Kidney Dis]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>316-319</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández-Maestre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Aluminum contamination in blood serum and dialysates and prevalence of aluminum-related diseases in two Colombian hospitals]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Costarric. Salud Pública]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>58-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sutton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pibbus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamilton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Hepatic and cerebrospinal fluid accumulation of aluminium and bismuth in volunteers taking short course anti-ulcer therapy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>911-915</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rondeau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacqmin-Gadda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Commenges]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Helmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dartigues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Aluminum and silica in drinking water and the risk of Alzheimer's disease or cognitive decline: findings from 15-year follow-up of the PAQUID cohort]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am. J. Epidemiol]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>169</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>489-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hopkin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Death of Alzheimer victim linked to aluminium pollution. Nature news]]></source>
<year>Apri</year>
<month>l </month>
<day>21</day>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rüster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abendroth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lehmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Aluminum deposition in the bone of patients with chronic renal failure--detection of aluminum accumulation without signs of aluminum toxicity in bone using acid solochrome azurine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin. Nephrol]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>305-312</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zitt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jäger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosenkranz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eigner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kodras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kovarik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[use of cinacalcet for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in Austrian dialysis patients--results of the Austrian cohort of the ECHO study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Wien Klin. Wochenschr]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>123</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>45-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bignucolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lemire]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Auger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castonguay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Appanna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Appanna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Molecular Connection Between Aluminum Toxicity, Anemia, Inflammation and Obesity: Therapeutic Cues]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anemia]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Acute encephalopathy following the use of aluminum hydroxide in a boy affected with chronic kidney disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Pediatr. Neurosci]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>81-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kawahara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kato-Negishi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Link between Aluminum and the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease: The Integration of the Aluminum and Amyloid Cascade Hypotheses]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int. J. Alzheimers Dis]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gacek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Babb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uvelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scribner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Dialysis dementia: the role of dialysate pH in altering the dialyzability of aluminum]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs]]></source>
<year>1979</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>409-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gilli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farinelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fagioli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Bastiani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buoncristiani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Serum aluminium levels in patients on peritoneal dialysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>8197</numero>
<issue>8197</issue>
<page-range>742-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Birchall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chapell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The chemistry of aluminum and silicon in relation to Alzheimer's disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin.Chem]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>265-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Milacic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scancar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Speciation of Al in human serum by convective-interaction media fast-monolithic chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Inorg. Biochem]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>101</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1234-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Aluminum' s Involvement in the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Alzheimer's Dis]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>7-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mcgregor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Acción del aluminio sobre las células óseas: efecto modulador de las citoquinas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nefrología]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>^s3</numero>
<issue>^s3</issue>
<supplement>3</supplement>
<page-range>97-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cannata-Andía]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodriguez-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Alonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Osteoporosis and adynamic bone in chronic kidney disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Nephrol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>73-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>41</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kawahara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effects of aluminum on the nervous system and its possible link with neurodegenerative diseases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Alzheimers Dis]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>171-182</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<label>42</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Aluminum-induced neuropathology: Transient changes in microtubule-associated proteins]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neurotoxicol. Teratol]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>679-690</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<label>43</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harrington]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wischik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McArthur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Alzheimer's-disease-like changes in tau protein processing: association with aluminium accumulation in brains of renal dialysis patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>343</volume>
<numero>8904</numero>
<issue>8904</issue>
<page-range>993-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<label>44</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yumoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kakimi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ohsaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ishikawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Demonstration of aluminum in amyloid fibers in the cores of senile plaques in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Inorg. Biochem]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>103</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>1579-1584</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<label>45</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Rensburg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daniel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Potocnik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Zyl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taljaard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Emsley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A new model for the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[S. Afr. Med. J]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>87</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1111-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<label>46</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Graves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[White]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koepsell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reifler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Belle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The association between aluminum-containing products and Alzheimer's disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Clin. Epidemiol]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>35-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<label>47</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lindsay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laurin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verreault]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hebert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Helliwell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: a prospective analysis from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am. J. Epidemiol]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>156</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>445-453</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<label>48</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rondeau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Commenges]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacqmin-Gadda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dartigues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Relation between aluminum concentrations in drinking water and Alzheimer's disease: an 8-year follow-up study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am. J. Epidemiol]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>152</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>59-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<label>49</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martyn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coggon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Inskip]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lacey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Young]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Aluminum concentrations in drinking water and risk of Alzheimer's disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Epidemiology]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>281-286</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<label>50</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reusche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pilz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oberascher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Subacute fatal aluminum encephalopathy after reconstructive otoneurosurgery: a case report]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Hum. Pathol]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1136-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<label>51</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Friga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Is aluminum toxicity responsible for uremic pruritus in chronic hemodialysis patients?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nephron]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>75</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>48-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<label>52</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gafter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mamet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Korzets]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malachi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schoenfeld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Bullous dermatosis of end-stage renal disease: a possible association between abnormal porphyrin metabolism and aluminum]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nephrol. Dial. Transplant]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1787-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<label>53</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lobet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colomina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sirvent]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domingo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corbella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Reproductive toxicology of aluminum in male mice: Fundam]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Appl.Toxicol]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>45-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<label>54</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hirata-Koizumi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fujii]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ono]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hirose]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Imai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ogawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Evaluation of the reproductive and developmental toxicity of aluminium ammonium sulfate in a two-generation study in rats]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Food Chem. Toxicol]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1948-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<label>55</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chmielnicka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nasiadek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lewandowska-Zyndul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pi&#324;kowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect of Aluminum on Hematopoiesis after Intraperitoneal Exposure in Rats]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>201-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
