<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1409-0015</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Medicina Legal de Costa Rica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Med. leg. Costa Rica]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-0015</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Costarricense de Medicina Forense]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-00152023000100040</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Muerte accidental por consumo combinado de cocaína y etanol Revisión bibliográfica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Accidental death from combined cocaine and ethanol use. Literature review]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suzanne Ching]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yu]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Organismo de Investigación Judicial de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>40</fpage>
<lpage>47</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00152023000100040&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00152023000100040&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00152023000100040&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La autopsia médico legal en Costa Rica, en casos sospechosos de intoxicación por cocaetileno se debe realizar bajo las normas establecidas en la Guía de estándares de trabajo para la Sección de Patología Forense del Departamento de Medicina Legal. El análisis del mecanismo fisiopatológico de cómo estas sustancias provocan alteraciones en el organismo que pueden conllevar a un eventual fallecimiento corresponde a parte del análisis requerido en la investigación ante la sospecha de esta causa de muerte. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este artículo es describir los mecanismos fisiopatológicos que ocurren durante el consumo combinado de cocaína y etanol, los mecanismos que conllevan a la muerte de personas consumidoras de estas sustancias y las consideraciones médico legales a tomar en cuenta para el diagnóstico de esta causa de muerte. Se realizó revisión de artículos científicos, sobre los efectos del uso combinado de la cocaína y el etanol. La literatura describe que el uso combinado de cocaína y etanol potencia los efectos farmacocinéticos y bioquímicos de cada una de estas sustancias, que su derivado, el cocaetileno, es capaz de generar por sí mismo los mecanismos causantes de la muerte. Que los principales mecanismos fisiopatológicos que conllevan la muerte ante el uso combinado de estas sustancias son de origen cardiovascular y hepático. Como consideraciones médico legales a tomar en cuenta para el diagnóstico de esta manera de muerte accidental, en la Sección de Toxicología del Departamento de Ciencias Forenses de Costa Rica, la cuantificación del cocaetileno y las sustancias relacionadas no se realiza, aunque se encuentra actualmente en el desarrollo de un proyecto para la determinación de la estabilidad de las drogas en sangre bajo las condiciones de almacenamiento, con el fin de ofrecer la posibilidad de cuantificar ciertas drogas (en donde se podría incluir el cocaetileno) en un futuro próximo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Medical-legal autopsy in Costa Rica, in suspected cases of cocaethylene poisoning must be performed under the regulations established in the Work Standards Guide for the Forensic Pathology Section of the Department of Legal Medicine. The analysis of the pathophysiological mechanism of how these substances cause alterations in the organism that can lead to eventual death corresponds to part of the analysis required in the investigation when this cause of death is suspected. Therefore, the objective of this article is to describe the pathophysiological mechanisms that occur during the combined consumption of cocaine and ethanol, the mechanisms that lead to the death of people who consume these substances, and the medico-legal considerations to be considered for the diagnosis. of this cause of death. A review of scientific articles was carried out on the effects of the combined use of cocaine and ethanol. The literature describes that the combined use of cocaine and ethanol enhances the pharmacokinetic and biochemical effects of each one of these substances, that its derivative, cocaethylene, can generate the mechanisms that cause death by itself. That the main pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to death in the combined use of these substances are of cardiovascular and hepatic origin. As legal medical considerations to take into account for the diagnosis of this type of accidental death, in the Toxicology Section of the Department of Forensic Sciences of Costa Rica, the quantification of cocaethylene and related substances is not carried out, although it is currently in the development of a project for the determination of the stability of drugs in blood under storage conditions, in order to offer the possibility of quantifying certain drugs (which could include cocaethylene) in the near future.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Medicina legal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[causas de muerte]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cocaetileno]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cocaína]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[etanol]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[intoxicación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Legal medicine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[causes of death]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cocaethylene]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cocaine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ethanol]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[intoxication]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palomo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de la López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diagnóstico del origen y la causa de la muerte después de la autopsia médico-legal (Parte I).]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cuad. med. Forense]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>217-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valerio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Guía de estándares de trabajo para la Sección de Patología Forense. Costa Rica]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Suicidio con cloruro de potasio: Reporte de un caso]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med. leg. Costa Rica.]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>30-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Milara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrando]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caja]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transcendencia del cocaetileno en el consumo combinado de etanol y cocaína]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Espanola Drogodepend]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>3-4</numero>
<issue>3-4</issue>
<page-range>254-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pergolizzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Breve]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magnusson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LeQuang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Varrassi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cocaethylene: When Cocaine and Alcohol Are Taken Together]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cureus]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Snenghi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pelletti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frigo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Forza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nalesso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montisci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The dangerous pattern of concurrent use of alcohol and cocaine among drunk-drivers of Northeast Italy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Alcohol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<page-range>735-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gossop]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manning]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ridge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Concurrent use of alcohol and cocaine: differences in patterns of use and problems among users of crack cocaine and cocaine powder]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Alcohol Alcohol]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>121-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Del Bosque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mairena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espínola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdalá]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medina-Mora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La cocaína: consumo y consecuencias]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Salud Ment (Mex)]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>381-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xarau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Picón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mestre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corcuera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Urgencias en usuarios de cocaína.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medicina Integral]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>249-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Midanik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weisner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Concurrent and simultaneous drug and alcohol use: results of the 2000. National Alcohol Survey]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Drug Alcohol Depend]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>90</volume>
<page-range>72-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pennings]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leccese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Wolff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of concurrent use of alcohol and cocaine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Addiction]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>97</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>773-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pastor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Llopis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baquero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interacciones y consecuencias del consumo combinado de alcohol y cocaína: una actualización sobre el cocaetileno]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Adicciones]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laizure]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mandrell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gades]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RB.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cocaethylene metabolism and interaction with cocaine and ethanol: role of carboxylesterases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Drug Metab Dispos]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>16-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AW.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Forensic drug profile: cocaethylene]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Anal Toxicol]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>155-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Indave]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Uso de cocaína o estimulantes de tipo anfetamínico y riesgo de crisis convulsivas o enfermedad cerebrovascular. Revisiones sistemáticas. Tesis doctoral.]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Complutense de Madrid]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alcázar-Córcoles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bezos-Saldaña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cocaetileno y Violencia: Influencia de la Interacción Cocaína-Alcohol en la Conducta Antisocial.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anu de Psicol Juridica.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>49-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dugo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Todiere]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grigoratos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aquaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GD.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cardiac magnetic resonance in cocaine-induced myocardial damage: cocaine, heart, and magnetic resonance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Heart Fail Rev]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>111-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ED]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vittinghoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coffin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hsue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kazi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of polysubstance use on high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I over time in homeless and unstably housed women]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Drug Alcohol Depend]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>217</volume>
<page-range>108-252</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Armitage]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bowman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wallendszus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bulbulia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rahimi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haynes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol with 80 mg versus 20 mg simvastatin daily in 12064 survivors of myocardial infarction: double-blind randomised trial.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>376</volume>
<page-range>1658-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jeromin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garvey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dorbandt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cocaine, ethanol, and cocaethylene cardiotoxity in an animal model of cocaine and ethanol abuse]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acad Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>211-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Frutos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Efectos de la drogodependencia sobre la terapéutica. Trabajo de fin de grado]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Complutense de Madrid]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keenan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Knuepfer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hemodynamic response profile predicts susceptibility to cocaine-induced toxicity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J of Pharmacol]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>464</volume>
<page-range>189-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palacio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mecanismos de cardiotoxicidad: antineoplásicos, anti-inflamatorios no esteroideos, antipsicóticos, cocaetileno y simpaticomiméticos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Colomb Cardiol.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>100-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pazos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Supervía]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clemente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iglesias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Labordeta de la Cal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Asociación de otras drogas de abuso en la intoxicación por cocaína]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Toxicol]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>170-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cortés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cortés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quesada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efectos cardiovasculares en usuarios de cocaína.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev costarric salud pública]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>105-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oviedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castellanos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Consumo de basuco: aspectos relevantes para su tratamiento]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Univ Med]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>59-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cortés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buitrago]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cocaína y dolor torácico.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Colomb Cardiol]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>260-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farooq]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MU]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhatt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MB.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Neurotoxic and cardiotoxic effects of cocaine and ethanol]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J med toxicol.]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>134-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Havakuk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rezkalla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kloner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efectos cardiovasculares de la cocaína]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Coll Cardiol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<page-range>101-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Criterios Cuantitativos En Toxicología Forense]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Esp Med Leg.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>30-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Graham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interpretation of Postmortem Drug Levels]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Postmortem Toxicology of Abused Drugs.]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<page-range>114-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Sección de Toxicología del Departamento de Ciencias Forenses (toxicologia@poder-judicial.go.cr).</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Consulta con fines académicos sobre análisis de cocaetileno en sangre.]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
