<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1409-0015</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Medicina Legal de Costa Rica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Med. leg. Costa Rica]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-0015</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Costarricense de Medicina Forense]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-00152019000100118</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Litiasis urinaria en pediatria]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Urinary lithiasis in pediatrics]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Badilla García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jenny]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrera Corrales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Área de Salud Palmares  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Alajuela ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Área de Salud Naranjo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Alajuela ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>118</fpage>
<lpage>126</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00152019000100118&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00152019000100118&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00152019000100118&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La litiasis renal es una entidad infrecuente en la infancia y su incidencia va en aumento en los países desarrollados. Afecta más a los individuos de raza blanca que a los afroamericanos en una proporción 4:1, con predominio del sexo masculino. Existen factores geográficos, raciales, genéticos implicados en su patogenia, que depende también de factores fisicoquímicos (eliminación renal de agua y solutos, pH urinario, equilibrio entre factores estimulantes/inhibidores de la cristalización), alteraciones anatómicas, infecciones y cambios socioeconómicos; los cuales a lo largo del tiempo han producido cambios en los hábitos dietéticos, lo que ha modificado la frecuencia, composición química y localización de los cálculos. A pesar de su rareza se debe pensar en la litiasis, con el fin de evitar un daño renal irreversible. La disponibilidad de terapia menos agresiva ha reducido a un 5% las indicaciones quirúrgicas, abriendo nuevas perspectivas en el tratamiento de la urolitiasis en la infancia.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Renal lithiasis is an infrequent entity in childhood, and its incidence has decreased in developed countries. Affects white individuals more than African Americans in a 4: 1 ratio, with a predominance of males. There are geographic, racial, genetic factors involved in its pathogenesis, which also depends on physicochemical factors (renal elimination of water and solutes, urinary pH, balance between stimulating factors/inhibitors of crystallization), anatomical alterations, infections and socioeconomic changes. Over time, changes have occurred in dietary habits, which has changed the frequency, chemical composition and location of the stones. Despite its rarity, lithiasis must be considered in order to avoid irreversible kidney damage. The availability of less aggressive therapy has reduced surgical indications to 5%, opening new perspectives in the treatment of urolithiasis in childhood. The present article constitutes a bibliographic review about the organophosphorus intoxication, its clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Litiasis renal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[infancia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[patogenia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Renal lithiasis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[childhood]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pathogeny]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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