<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0379-3982</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Tecnología en Marcha]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Tecnología en Marcha]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0379-3982</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0379-39822024000300156</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18845/tm.v37i2.6838</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Design and implementation of a controlled low-cost ventilator for emergency use on ICU patients]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diseño e implementación de un ventilador de bajo costo controlado para uso de emergencia en pacientes en UCI]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz-Barquero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anibal]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quesada-Martinez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adrian]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chacon-Cerdas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Randall]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alfaro-Lopez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anny]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bermudez-Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wilson]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loria-Mesen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hamlet]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas-Fernandez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fabio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica.  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica.  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica.  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica.  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>156</fpage>
<lpage>169</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0379-39822024000300156&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0379-39822024000300156&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0379-39822024000300156&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The worldwide outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus led to a shortage of hospital ventilators worldwide. During recovery, these devices were crucial for patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). However, countries like Costa Rica faced difficulties acquiring these devices due to high demand in the world. To address this issue, professionals and students from the Costa Rica Institute of Technology have developed a prototype of a mechanical ventilator. This ventilator incorporates PIDs and Fuzzy Logic algorithms and features a user-friendly graphic interface based on PyQt5/GraphicsView, designed with input from medical experts. The ventilator is easy to assemble and highly portable. Initially, the ventilator successfully underwent testing using advanced patient simulators, namely Gaumard HAL S3201 and Gaumard NOELLE S574.100. Subsequently, it underwent a successful real-world test using animals. The tests involved varying the breathing rate from 10 to 30 breaths per minute, adjusting the tidal volume from 250 to 800 mL with automatic control of a 50 mL increase, and manipulating the I: E ratio from 1:1 to 1:5.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El brote mundial del virus SARS-CoV-2 provocó una escasez de ventiladores hospitalarios en todo el mundo. Durante la recuperación, estos dispositivos fueron cruciales para los pacientes en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). Sin embargo, países como Costa Rica enfrentaron dificultades para adquirir estos dispositivos debido a la alta demanda en el mundo. Para abordar este tema, profesionales y estudiantes del Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica han desarrollado un prototipo de ventilador mecánico. Este ventilador incorpora algoritmos PID y Fuzzy Logic y presenta una interfaz gráfica fácil de usar basada en PyQt5/GraphicsView, diseñada con aportes de expertos médicos. El ventilador es fácil de ensamblar y es portátil. Inicialmente, el ventilador se probó con éxito utilizando simuladores de pacientes avanzados, concretamente Gaumard HAL S3201 y Gaumard NOELLE S574.100. Posteriormente, se sometió con éxito a una prueba en el mundo real utilizando animales. Las pruebas implicaron variar la frecuencia respiratoria de 10 a 30 respiraciones por minuto, ajustar el volumen tidal de 250 a 800 ml con control automático con aumentos de 50 ml y manipular la relación I:E de 1:1 a 1:5.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Breathing frequency]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pandemic]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[SARS-Cov-2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[tidal volume]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ventilator]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Frecuencia respiratoria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Pandemia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[SARS-Cov-2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Volumen tidal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ventilador]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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