<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0379-3982</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Tecnología en Marcha]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Tecnología en Marcha]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0379-3982</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0379-39822019000300003</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18845/tm.v32i2.4475</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Minerías artesanales para la extracción de oro mediante el uso de mercurio: Estado del arte del impacto ambiental en los medios agua, aire y suelo]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Artisanal mining for the extraction of gold through the use of mercury: State of the art of environmental impact in water, air and soil media]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Didier]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Artavia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Brenda]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sáenz- Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wendy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rolando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villalobos-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wendy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora-Barrantes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jose Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universi dad de Costa Rica Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional (UNA Laboratorio de Química de la Atmósfera (LAQAT ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional (UNA Laboratorio de Geoquímica de Fluidos Volcánicos OVSICORI]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacio nal (UNA Laboratorio de Manejo del Recurso Hídrico ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional (UNA Laboratorio de Química de la Atmósfera (LAQAT ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>3</fpage>
<lpage>11</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0379-39822019000300003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0379-39822019000300003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0379-39822019000300003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La minería artesanal a pequeña escala (MAPE), como economía de subsistencia, ha tenido un auge importante en los últimos años debido al aumento en el precio del oro, generando impactos ambientales y socioeconómicos. El uso de la técnica de extracción de oro con amalgamas de mercurio y descomposición térmica para la purificación del metal; genera al menos cinco problemas ambientales: degradación de la tierra, deforestación, contaminación y sedimentación de cursos de agua, contaminación atmosférica y degradación de la salud de la fauna y los seres humanos. La forma orgánica del mercurio es la más tóxica, puede bioacumularse y biomagnificarse a través de la cadena trófica. En el presente estudio se realiza una descripción del estado del arte de la MAPE a nivel mundial, así como sus implicaciones socioeconómicas y ambientales. Se determinó que la innovación en las técnicas utilizadas por la MAPE; ayudarían a la reducción y futura eliminación del uso del mercurio; así como la generación de regulaciones o leyes que garanticen la sostenibilidad ambiental y un adecuado desarrollo socioeconómico de los mineros artesanales y de pequeña escala.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM), as a subsistence economy, has had an important growth in recent years due to the increase in the price of gold, generating environmental and socioeconomic impacts. The use of the technique of gold extraction with amalgams of mercury and thermal decomposition for the purification of the metal; generates at least five environmental problems: land degradation, deforestation, pollution and sedimentation of water courses, atmospheric pollution and degradation of wildlife and humans health. The organic form of mercury is the most toxic, it can bioaccumulate and biomagnify through the trophic chain. In the present study, a description of the state of the art of the ASM at a global level is presented, as well as its socio-economic and environmental implications. It was determined that innovation in the techniques used by the ASM; would help reduce and further eliminate the use of mercury; as well as the generation of regulations or laws that guarantee environmental sustainability and an adequate socioeconomic development of artisanal and small-scale miners]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Amalgams]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bioaccumulation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[environment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[impacts]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[subsistence economy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Amalgamas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ambiente]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bioacumulación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[economía de subsistencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[impactos]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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