<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0379-3982</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Tecnología en Marcha]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Tecnología en Marcha]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0379-3982</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0379-39822019000100167</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.8845/tm.v32.i1.4126</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Modelos de predicción de Trihalometanos en redes de distribución de agua: determinación de tiempos medios de residencia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Trihalomethane prediction modelling in water distribution systems: calculation of the mean residence time]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Araya-Obando]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mark]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero-Esquivel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>167</fpage>
<lpage>178</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0379-39822019000100167&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0379-39822019000100167&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0379-39822019000100167&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El contacto del cloro con la materia orgánica puede producir subproductos de desinfección tales como los Trihalometanos (THMs). Estos compuestos son considerados de riesgo para la salud y su formación se ve influenciada por el pH, temperatura, tipo de materia orgánica, dosis del desinfectante y el tiempo de reacción. No obstante, dados los costos asociados a los análisis en laboratorio, comúnmente se utilizan modelos mecánicos y estadísticos para su predicción. Sin embargo, la determinación del tiempo medio de residencia (TMR) en las redes de distribución requiere de herramientas computacionales que demandan tiempo e inversión por lo que es necesario considerar otros métodos para su estimación. En ese sentido, el presente artículo profundiza en los principales aspectos que se deben considerar para la construcción de un modelo de predicción, así como en el análisis de dos métodos de cálculo para la determinación del TMR en redes de distribución empleando trazadores. Para esto último, se hicieron pruebas en una red de distribución a escala piloto conformada por tuberías de PVC de 12 mm de diámetro. Se utilizó cloruro de sodio como trazador mediante adición continua. Se determinaron los TMR en dos puntos de muestreo y se obtuvo una diferencia de 2,40% y 3,31% respectivamente, demostrando que son dos métodos precisos y de fácil comprensión. Finalmente, se concluye que los modelos construidos a partir de regresiones múltiples pueden ser potencialmente utilizados en Costa Rica, dado que se pueden construir de manera sencilla a partir de condiciones locales.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Contact of chlorine with organic matter can produce disinfection byproducts such as Trihalomethanes (THMs). These compounds are considered to be hazardous to health and their formation is influenced by pH, temperature, type of organic matter, dose of chlorine and reaction time. However, given the costs associated with laboratory analyzes, mechanical and statistical models are commonly used for their prediction. Nevertheless, the determination of the mean residence time (TMR) in distribution networks requires computational tools that demand time and investment, so it is necessary to consider other methods for their estimation. In this sense, the present article emphasizes into the main aspects that must be considered for the construction of a prediction model, as well as the analysis of two calculation methods for the determination of TMR in distribution networks using tracers. For the latter, tests were carried out on a pilot scale distribution network made up of 12 mm diameter PVC pipes. Sodium chloride was used as a tracer by continuous addition. TMRs were determined at two sampling points and a difference of 2.40% and 3.31% respectively were obtained, demonstrating that both calculations methods are precise and easily understood. Finally, it is concluded that the models constructed from multiple regressions can be potentially used in Costa Rica, since they can be constructed simply from local conditions.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[THMs]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[modelos de predicción]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[agua de consumo humano]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sistemas de distribución]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ensayos con trazadores]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[THMs]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[prediction models]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[water for human consumption]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[distribution systems]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[tracer test]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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