<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0379-3982</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Tecnología en Marcha]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Tecnología en Marcha]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0379-3982</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0379-39822019000100012</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18845/tm.v32i1.4115</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Modelación de una antorcha de plasma de arco no transferido]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Modeling of a non-transferred arc plasma torch]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chinè-Polito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bruno]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mata-Coto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas-Blanco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ivan]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica Escuela de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cartago ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica Escuela de Ingeniería Electromecánica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cartago ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica Escuela de Física ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cartago ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>12</fpage>
<lpage>24</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0379-39822019000100012&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0379-39822019000100012&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0379-39822019000100012&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Las antorchas de plasma se usan para producir el plasma en la manufactura de materiales e industria energética, donde las antorchas de arco de corriente directa representan los componentes principales de los procesos con plasma térmico (plasma spraying, soldadura, corte de metales, tratamiento de residuos, producción de biogás, etc.). En una antorcha de plasma de arco no trasferido, se desarrolla un arco eléctrico aplicando una corriente directa entre el cátodo y el ánodo de la antorcha. Sucesivamente, el plasma se produce calentando, ionizando y expandiendo un gas alimentado a la antorcha antes de la región del cátodo. Los trabajos de laboratorio que usan técnicas de observación y de medición son de difícil aplicación, debido a las características físicas de estos fenómenos físicos. Así las técnicas computacionales pueden representar una herramienta valiosa para investigar los procesos con plasma, aunque el trabajo computacional es extremadamente desafiante, pues estos fenómenos son interdependientes y simultáneos. En este trabajo se propone un modelo computacional para simular una antorcha de plasma bidimensional de arco no trasferido en equilibrio termodinámico local. Se modelan condiciones de estado estacionario para las ecuaciones de conservación de mecánica de fluidos, trasferencia de calor y electromagnetismo en el software Comsol Multiphysics® 5.1. En la trasferencia de calor por radiación, el plasma se asume ópticamente fino y con un coeficiente de emisión neta. El flujo laminar de gas se modela con vórtice libre en la entrada para dos tipologías de antorchas axis-simétricas, respectivamente con argón y nitrógeno como gases de trabajo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Plasma torches are used in processing of materials and in energy industry for producing plasma, where direct currents arc torches represent the primary components of thermal plasma processes (plasma spraying, metal welding and cutting, waste treatment, biogas production, etc.). In a non-transferred arc plasma torch, an electric arc can be glowed by applying a direct current between the cathode and anode, both placed inside the torch. Then, the plasma is obtained by heating, ionizing and expanding a working gas, introduced into the chamber of the torch upstream of the cathode. Experimental works carried out by observation and measurements techniques are difficult to apply in this field, owing to the specific properties of these physical phenomena. Hence, computational techniques could represent a useful tool to investigate the plasma processing, although the computational work is extremely challenging, because the physical phenomena are not independent among them and simultaneous. In this work we provide a computational model for simulating a 2D non- transferred arc plasma torch, under hypothesis of local thermodynamic equilibrium. Steady state conditions are assumed for the equations of conservation of fluid mechanics, heat transfer and electromagnetics which are modeled by the Comsol Multiphysics® 5.1 software. The plasma is considered optically thin and a net emission coefficient is used for the heat transferred by radiation mechanisms. The gas flow is modeled as laminar with a free vortex at the inlet for two kinds of axisymmetric torches, one with argon and the second one with nitrogen as working gas, respectively.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Plasma]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[antorcha de arco no trasferido]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[modelación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[métodos computacionales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Plasma]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[non-transferred arc torch]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[modelling]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[computational methods]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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