<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0379-3982</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Tecnología en Marcha]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Tecnología en Marcha]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0379-3982</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0379-39822018000200171</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18845/tm.v31i2.3634</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Simulación Electromagnética de Absorción de Radiación Electromagnética en el rango GHz.]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carballo-Madrigal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jose Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dietrich Brüns]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Heinz]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rimolo-Donadio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Renato]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schuster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christian]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica Escuela de Ingeniería Electrónica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hamburg University of Technology  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Germany</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica Escuela de Ingeniería Electrónica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Institute of Electromagnetic Theory, Hamburg University of Technology  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Germany</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>171</fpage>
<lpage>181</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0379-39822018000200171&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0379-39822018000200171&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0379-39822018000200171&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Exposition of humans to non-ionizing radiation at high frequencies has become ubiquitous due to the higher number of systems operating in that frequency range such as cell phones, wireless networks, and communication systems. The modeling of the impact of this type of radiation is an important issue due to potential short and long-term health effects and for the establishment of regulatory safety limits. From the simulation point of view, this is a challenging task since the wavelengths of interest are much smaller than the typical dimensions of a human body, which leads to the requirement of very fine discretization of the geometrical models and the consequent high demand of computational resources and long execution times. This article studies the feasibility of a full-wave simulation of field absorption at high frequencies, up to 10 GHz, with general purpose numerical methods and geometries with sizes in the order of a human body. Simple geometries are analyzed, assuming the material properties of fresh water for their inner region. Three different methods are evaluated: the finite integration technique (FIT), finite element method (FEM), and method of moments (MoM), to determine the result convergence and required computational resources for each solution. The results show that already at 10 GHz it is difficult to perform the analysis with moderate computational power (up to 64 GB RAM), but some approximations might be exploited since field penetration in that frequency range is mostly limited to the surface region.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La exposición humana a radiaciones no ionizantes en alta frecuencia se ha vuelto común debido a la gran cantidad de sistemas que operan en ese rango, tales como teléfonos celulares, redes inalámbricas de datos y sistemas de comunicación en general. Modelar el impacto de este tipo de radiaciones es importante debido a los potenciales riesgos a la salud humana a corto y largo plazo, así como para la definición de límites de seguridad. Desde la perspectiva de la simulación numérica, esto es una tarea difícil debido a que las longitudes de onda asociadas son mucho más pequeñas que la dimensión típica del cuerpo humano, lo que resulta en un requerimiento de discretización muy fina de los modelos geométricos, con una consecuente alta demanda en los recursos de computación y largos tiempos de ejecución. En este artículo se estudia la factibilidad de realizar simulaciones de onda completa para estimar el campo electromagnético absorbido en alta frecuencia, hasta 10 GHz, con solucionadores numéricos de propósito general y geometrías con tamaños relevantes en relación con el tamaño del cuerpo humano. Geometrías simples son analizadas, definiendo las propiedades del agua fresca para su región interna. Tres diferentes métodos son evaluados: el método de integración finita (FIT), el método de elementos finitos (FEM) y el método de los momentos (MoM), con la intención de determinar la convergencia del resultado y los recursos computacionales necesarios en cada caso. Los resultados indican que a 10 GHz se torna difícil realizar dichos análisis con un recurso computacional moderado (hasta 64 GB RAM), pero algunas aproximaciones podrían ser explotadas debido a que la penetración del campo en ese rango de frecuencias esta principalmente acotada a la región cercana a la superficie del objeto.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Bioelectromagnetismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Electromagnetismo Computacional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Método de Elementos Finitos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Método de Integración Finita]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Métodos de los Momentos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Tasa de Absorción Específica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bioelectromagnetism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Computational Electromagnetics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Finite Integration Technique]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Finite Element Method]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Method of Moments]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Specific Absorption Rate]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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