<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0379-3982</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Tecnología en Marcha]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Tecnología en Marcha]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0379-3982</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0379-39822017000100027</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18845/tm.v30i1.3062</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Evaluación in vitro de diez cepas de hongos nematófagos para el control de Meloidogyne exigua, Meloidogyne incognita y Radopholus similis]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[In vitro assessment of ten strains of nematophagous fungi to control Meloidogyne exigua, Meloidogyne incognita and Radopholus similis]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Varela-Benavides]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ingrid]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durán-Mora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joaquín]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzmán-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tomás]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica Laboratorio de Nematología Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Sostenible para el Trópico Húmedo]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Carlos ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica entro de Investigación y Desarrollo Sostenible para el Trópico Húmedo ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Carlos ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica Consejo Institucional ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>27</fpage>
<lpage>37</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0379-39822017000100027&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0379-39822017000100027&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0379-39822017000100027&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen [42] El desarrollo de alternativas al uso de nematicidas, plaguicidas altamente tóxicos, es un tema de importancia en la actualidad. En esta línea ha habido un creciente reconocimiento de la efectividad del control biológico por medio de hongos nematófagos. Por tales razones, y con el fin de determinar la capacidad nematófaga de hongos que habían sido previamente aislados de fincas en la Región Huetar Norte, se establecieron ensayos in vitro, en los que se evaluó la mortalidad de individuos de Radopholus similis, Meloidogyne incognita y M. exigua expuestos a estos hongos. Según los criterios establecidos, las cepas de Hypocrea virens y Penicillium janthinellum no presentaron actividad nematicida contra ninguna de las especies de nematodos. Monacrosporium megalosporum, Trichoderma spirale y T. asperellum 2 presentaron actividad nematicida contra R. similis y M. exigua. Mientras que Gliocladium roseum y Fusarium oxysporum mostraron actividad únicamente en contra de R. similis. T. asperellum y Gongronella butleri también mostraron potencial de control en contra de M. exigua. Ninguna de las cepas cumple con lo establecido para considerarla con actividad nematicida contra juveniles de M. incognita. Además, P. lilacinus y F. oxysporum mostraron capacidad para parasitar huevos de las dos especies de Meloidogyne evaluadas. T. asperellum y T. spirale parasitaron huevos de M. incognita, mientras que M. megalosporum parasitó un 56% de los huevos de M. exigua. Estos resultados deben ser confirmados con pruebas en campo, estudiar posibles metabolitos producidos por estos hongos, evaluar la posibilidad de mejoramiento genético de los mismos y estudiar los genes involucrados en su capacidad para parasitar nematodos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract [46] The search of alternative strategies to the use of nematicides to control plant parasitic nematodes is a major issue today. On this matter there has been a growing interest in the effectiveness of biological control using nematophagous fungi. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the predatory capacity of several fungal strains were isolated from soil from plantations located in the Región Huetar Norte. To reach this goal, laboratory experiments were established to evaluate the in vitro mortality of individuals of Radopholus similis, Meloidogyne incognita and M. exigua, in the presence of each one of these fungal strains. According to the criteria, Hypocrea virens and Penicillium janthinellum strains had no predatory activity against the nematode species tested. Monacrosporium megalosporum, Trichoderma spirale and T. asperellum 2 strains showed nematicide activity against R. similis and M. exigua. Meanwhile, Gliocadium roseum and Fusarium oxysporum showed predatory activity against R. similis, only. Furthermore, T. asperellum and Gongronella butleri, showed potential for controlling M. exigua. None of the strains had the capability to control M. incognita. Moreover, P. lilacinus and F. oxysporum showed the capability to parasitize the eggs of both Meloidogyne species tested. [47] In the same way, the eggs of M. incognita were parasitized by T. asperellum and T. spirale, and 56% of the eggs of M. exigua were parasitized by M. megalosporum. These results should be confirmed by field tests. It is also important, to study the secondary metabolites produced by these fungi, evaluate the possibility of genetic improvement and study the mechanisms involved in their nematode predatory capacity.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Hongos nematófagos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[control biológico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Meloidogyne]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Radopholus similis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nematophagous fungi]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[biological control]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Meloidogyne, Radopholus similis]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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