<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0379-3982</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Tecnología en Marcha]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Tecnología en Marcha]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0379-3982</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0379-39822016000100074</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18845/tm.v29i1.2540</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Aplicación de Cadenas de Markov en un proceso de producción de plantas in vitro]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Application of Markov Chain in a production process of in vitro plants]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Brenes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado-Ulloa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solís-Blanco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ricardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chacón-Cerdas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Randall]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villalta-Solano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Humberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Zollner Elektronik AG  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica  Escuela de Ingeniería en Producción Industrial]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>74</fpage>
<lpage>82</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0379-39822016000100074&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0379-39822016000100074&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0379-39822016000100074&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La aplicación de la biotecnología incluye una serie de procesos industriales que involucran organismos vivos o partes de ellos. La interacción del genotipo con los demás factores de manipulación industrial, aunque controlables, provoca que el sistema sea estocástico o no determinista, caracterizado por acciones predecibles y con elementos aleatorios. La producción masiva de plantas in vitro es un ejemplo de este tipo de industrias biotecnológicas, en el que se cultivan plantas seleccionadas bajo condiciones controladas de incubación y en medios nutritivos. Durante el proceso se producen pérdidas por contaminación o muerte del material y reprocesos, cuando las plantas se oxidan o deforman, pero una parte de ellas se puede rescatar y reintegrar a la etapa anterior. Tomando como modelo el proceso de producción de vitroplantas de papa (Solanum tuberosum) en la empresa VitroPlant S.A., se aplicó el método de Cadenas de Markov para determinar los requerimientos de material vegetal para cumplir con una demanda determinada de acuerdo con la etapa del proceso de la que se inicia, incluyendo en ese cálculo las pérdidas y reprocesos. Así, el método de Markov es una opción viable en los procesos biológicos productivos que podría aplicarse a otras especies vegetales e incluso a otros sistemas que utilicen diferentes organismos vivos, tales como hongos, bacterias, insectos y microalgas, todos comunes en la industria.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The application of Biotechnology includes a number of industrial processes involving living organisms or parts of them. The interaction of genotype with other industrial manipulation factors, characterized by predictable actions and random elements, makes the system to be stochastic. Commercial production of in vitro plants is one example of the biotechnology industry, where the production process consists of the propagation of plants in sterile growth media under controlled physical conditions. During this process, contamination or death of in vitro plants is considered as scrap (waste); however, if plants present oxidation or deformation they have to be reworked, in order to recover or reincorporate to the previous stage. Plant material requirement to accomplish a client demand was studied using the in vitro production process of Solanum tuberosum from the company VitroPlant S.A., to establish a model using Markov Chain Method, in which scrap and rework are included. Thus, the Markov method is a viable option in biological production processes that could be applied to other plant species and even other systems using different living organisms, such as fungi, bacteria, insects and algae, common in the industry.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cadenas Markov]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[plantas in vitro]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[métodos estocásticos.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Markov Chain Method]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[in vitro plants]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[estochastic methods.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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