<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0377-9424</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Agronomía Costarricense]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Agron. Costarricense]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0377-9424</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica. Colegio de Ingenieros y Agrónomos. Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0377-94242024000200133</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rac.v48i2.59622</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Determinación del número de repeticiones para un experimento en agricultura: importancia de la variabilidad y tamaño del efecto]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Determining the number of repetitions in agricultural experiments: importance of effect size and variability]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas-Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge Claudio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corrales-Brenes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Sede Regional de Guanacaste ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>133</fpage>
<lpage>142</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0377-94242024000200133&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0377-94242024000200133&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0377-94242024000200133&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Introducción. El tamaño del efecto y la variabilidad son factores relevantes en la estimación del número de repeticiones necesario en un experimento, cuyo impacto suele ser desconocido por el investigador. Objetivo. Analizar el efecto de la variabilidad y el tamaño del efecto en el número de repeticiones necesario en experimentación agrícola. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron los parámetros de correlación espacial estimados a partir de ensayo de uniformidad en el cultivo de arroz para realizar 10 000 simulaciones de campos aleatorios. En cada simulación se conformaron 16 unidades experimentales de 24 m2 y se ajustó un análisis de varianza para estimar la varianza residual promedio como escenario A. En adición, se propuso un escenario B donde se usó el cuantil 95 de las varianzas estimadas. El tamaño del efecto se definió con base en los resultados de un metaanálisis sobre el efecto de prácticas agrícolas en el rendimiento del arroz y resultó ser un 15% de la media general de los datos del ensayo de uniformidad. También, se propusieron tamaños de efecto adicionales del 10% y 5% de la media general. Resultados. En el escenario A, se necesitaron cuatro repeticiones para alcanzar una potencia del 0,91 y detectar un efecto del 15%, mientras que seis repeticiones fueron necesarias para detectar un efecto del 10% con una potencia de 0,81. En el escenario B, cinco repeticiones lograron una potencia del 0,86 para detectar un efecto del 15%, mientras que nueve repeticiones fueron requeridas para detectar un efecto del 10% con una potencia del 0,82. En ninguno de los dos escenarios se alcanzó una potencia del 0,80 para detectar un efecto del 5%. Conclusión. Mientras más pequeño sea el tamaño del efecto a detectar y mayor sea la varianza residual, se requerirá más repeticiones para lograr una potencia de prueba del 0,80. Se deben considerar estos dos factores al planificar experimentos en agricultura.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Introduction.The effect size and variability are relevant factors in estimating the number of repetitions in an experiment, where their impact is often unknown to the researcher. Objetive. To analyze the effect of the variability and effect size on the number of repetitions required in agricultural research. Materials and methods. The spatial correlation parameters estimated from the uniformity trial in the rice crop were used to perform 10,000 simulations of random fields. In each simulation, 16 experimental units of 24 m2 were formed, and an analysis of variance was adjusted to estimate the average residual variance, called scenario A. Additionally, a scenario B was proposed, where the 95th percentile of the estimated variances was used. The effect size was defined based on the results of a meta-analysis on the effect of agricultural practices on rice yield, and resulted in a 15% of the overall mean of the uniformity trial data. Additional effect sizes of 10% and 5% of the overall mean were also proposed. Results. In scenario A, four repetitions were needed to achieve a power of 0.91 and detect a 15% effect, while six repetitions were necessary to detect a 10% effect with a power of 0.81. In scenario B, five repetitions achieved a power of 0.86 to detect a 15% effect, while nine repetitions were required to detect a 10% effect with a power of 0.82. Neither of the scenarios achieved a power 0.80 to detect a 5% effect. Conclusion. The smaller the effect size to be detected and the greater the residual variance, the more repetitions were required to achieve a test power of 0.80. These two factors should be considered when planning experiments in agriculture.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diseño experimental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[análisis de varianza]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[probabilidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[inferencia estadística]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[análisis estadístico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[experimental design]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[analysis of variance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[probability]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[statistical inference]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[statistical analysis]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kelley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maxwell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sample-size planning for more accurate statistical power: a method adjusting sample effect sizes for publication bias and uncertainty]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Psychological Science]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>1547-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Apuan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Measuring magnitude of treatment effects in agricultural experiments]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Advances in Agriculture y Botanics- International Journal of the Bioflux Society]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>33-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baguley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Understanding statistical power in the context of applied research]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Applied Ergonomics]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>73-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bono]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arnau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Consideraciones generales en torno a los estudios de potencia (en línea)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anales de Psicología]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>193-202</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brandmaier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[von Oertzen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghisletta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lindenberger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hertzog]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Precision, reliability, and effect size of slope variance in latent growth curve models: Implications for statistical power analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Frontiers in Psychology]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brysbaert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stevens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Power analysis and effect size in mixed effects models: A tutorial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Cognition]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burmeister]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aitken]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sample size: How many is enough?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Australian Critical Care]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>271-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cohen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Science]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<page-range>567</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cohen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Things I have learned (so far]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Psychologist]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1304-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cohen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A power primer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Psychological Bulletin]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>112</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>155-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fortin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Dealing with spatial autocorrelation]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>425</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fagroud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Meirvenne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Accounting for Soil Spatial Autocorrelation in the Design of Experimental Trials]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Soil Science Society of America Journal]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>66</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1134-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gbur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stroup]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCarter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Young]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Christman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[West]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kramer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Analysis of Generalized Linear Mixed Models in the Agricultural and Natural Resources Sciences]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>277</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madison, WI, USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gent]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kriss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Statistical Power in Plant Pathology Research]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phytopathology]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>108</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>15-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gignac]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Szodorai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ET]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect size guidelines for individual differences researchers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Personality and Individual Differences]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>102</volume>
<page-range>74-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Lutz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MI]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Potencia de prueba: La gran ausente en muchos trabajos científicos (en línea]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agronomía Mesoamericana]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>309-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ibrahim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessing genetic and agronomic gains in rice yield in sub-Saharan Africa: A meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Field Crops Research]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>287</volume>
<page-range>1-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kinney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eakman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Graham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Novel Effect Size Interpretation Guidelines and an Evaluation of Statistical Power in Rehabilitation Research]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>101</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>2219-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kotrlik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jabor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reporting and Interpreting Effect Size in Quantitative Agricultural Education Research]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Agricultural Education]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>132-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kozak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piepho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What&#8217;s normal anyway? Residual plots are more telling than significance tests when checking ANOVA assumptions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>204</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>86-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krupnik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andersson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rusinamhodzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corbeels]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shennan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gérard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Does size matter? a critical review of meta-analysis in agronomy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Experimental Agriculture]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>200-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuehl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diseño de experimentos: Principios estadísticos de diseño y análisis de investigación]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Thomson]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<month>.</month>
<edition>2</edition>
<page-range>666</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lapeña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wijnberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hulscher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJMH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Spatial factors affecting statistical power in testing marine fauna displacement]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecological Applications]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>2756-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RV]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Some practical guidelines for effective sample size determination]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The American Statistician]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>187-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mesquida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murphy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lakens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Warne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Publication bias, statistical power and reporting practices in the Journal of Sports Sciences: potential barriers to replicability]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Sports Sciences]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>16</numero>
<issue>16</issue>
<page-range>1507-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montgomery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Design and Analysis of Experiments]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<edition>9</edition>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nakagawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuthill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect size, confidence interval and statistical significance: A practical guide for biologists]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biological Reviews]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>82</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>591-605</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quesada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figuerola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Potencia de una prueba estadística: aplicación e interpretación en ecología del comportamiento]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Etologuía]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<page-range>19-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quinn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keough]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Experimental Design and Data Analysis for Biologists]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<page-range>537</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>R Core Team</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[R: A language and environment for statistical computing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Foundation for Statistical Computing]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>R Core Team</collab>
<source><![CDATA[R: A language and environment for statistical computing]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ribeiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diggle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[geoR: A package for geostatistical analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[R-News]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>15-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kroschewski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Geostatistical models in agricultural field experiments: Investigations based on uniformity trials]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agronomy Journal]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>104</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>91-105</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robledo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diseño y análisis de experimentos a un criterio de clasificación]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Editorial Brujas]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>. 257-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shaffer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ways of Learning: Observational Studies Versus Experiments]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of Wildlife Management]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>4-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stroup]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mixed Model Procedures to Assess Power, Precision, and Sample Size in the Design of Experiments]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<page-range>15-24</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Proceedings of the Biopharmaceutical Section, Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stroup]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Power analysis based on spatial effects mixed models: A tool for comparing design and analysis strategies in the presence of spatial variability]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>491-511</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas-Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Simulación de ensayos en blanco para determinar la potencia estadística de experimentos en arroz]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agronomía Mesoamericana]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[196-208]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas-Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Determinación de la potencia estadística de experimentos de rendimiento en maíz]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>591-601</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navarro Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tamaño y forma de unidad experimental para ensayos de rendimiento de arroz (Oryza sativa), en Guanacaste, Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[UNED Research Journal]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>355-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tóth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Moving beyond P values in The Journal of Physiology: A primer on the value of effect sizes and confidence intervals]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Physiol]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>601</volume>
<page-range>5131-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woodcock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jitlal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rundlöf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bullock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pywell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Replication, effect sizes and identifying the biological impacts of pesticides on bees under]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Source: Journal of Applied Ecology]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1358-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
