<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0377-9424</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Agronomía Costarricense]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Agron. Costarricense]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0377-9424</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica. Colegio de Ingenieros y Agrónomos. Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0377-94242023000200121</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rac.v47i2.56137</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[First record of Aulacaspis tubercularis (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in Costa Rica, a scale insect affecting mango (Mangifera indica) in Alajuela Urban environments]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Primer reporte de Aulacaspis tubercularis (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) en Costa Rica, un insecto que afecta al mango (Mangifera indica) en entornos urbanos de Alajuela]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solano-Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Minor]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanson-Snortum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paul]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica, Estación Experimental Agrícola Fabio Baudrit Moreno,  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica, Escuela de Biología,  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>121</fpage>
<lpage>126</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0377-94242023000200121&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0377-94242023000200121&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0377-94242023000200121&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Introduction. Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is widely cultivated around the world and in Costa Rica nearly 8200 hectares are dedicated to the production of this crop. More than 400 species of phytophagous insects and mites have been reported on mango worldwide. Among them are around 73 species of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), of which Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead is one of the most serious pests of mangos in many parts of the world. Objective. In the present work, we report for the first time the occurrence in Costa Rica of the white mango scale, A. tubercularis. Materials and methods. Mango tree samples were collected in San Rafael, a town located in the central canton of Alajuela province in the Greater Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica. Insects found on leaves were examined under a stereomicroscope, counted and classified according to the condition of their wax covers, which provided evidence of activity by natural enemies. Slide mounts of adult females were prepared and examined under a light microscope. Results. The armored scale was identified as A. tubercularis and the frequency of occurrence on the mango trees sampled was 90%, where 12% of adult females showed evidence of predation and 2.5% showed evidence of parasitization. Conclusion. A. tubercularis was recorded for the first time in Costa Rica. Further investigations on the population dynamics and natural enemies are needed to provide useful information in order to implement adequate control strategies.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Introducción. El mango (Mangifera indica L.) se cultiva ampliamente alrededor del mundo. En Costa Rica se dedican cerca de 8200 hectáreas a la producción de mangos. Se han reportado más de 400 especies de insectos y ácaros fitófagos en el mango en todo el mundo. Entre ellos, alrededor de 73 especies de cochinillas acorazadas (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), de las cuales Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead es una de las plagas más graves del mango en muchas partes del mundo. Objetivo. En el presente trabajo se reporta por primera vez la ocurrencia en Costa Rica de la escama blanca del mango A. tubercularis. Materiales y métodos. Las muestras de árboles de mango se recolectaron en la localidad de San Rafael, ubicada en el cantón central de la provincia de Alajuela en la Gran Área Metropolitana de Costa Rica. Los insectos encontrados en las hojas se examinaron bajo un estereoscopio, se contaron y clasificaron de acuerdo con la condición de sus cubiertas, lo que brindó evidencia de actividad de cualquier enemigo natural. Se realizaron montajes en portaobjetos de algunas hembras adultas y se examinaron en un microscopio de luz. Resultados. La cochinilla armada se identificó como A. tubercularis, la frecuencia de ocurrencia fue de 90% en los árboles de mango muestreados, donde el 12% de las hembras adultas estaban depredadas y el 2,5% parasitadas. Conclusión. A. tubercularis se registró por primera vez en Costa Rica. Futuras investigaciones sobre la dinámica poblacional y sobre los enemigos naturales brindarán información útil para implementar estrategias de control adecuadas.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[invasive species]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[armored scale insects]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[distribution]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[insect pest]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[especies invasoras]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[insectos escama]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[distribución]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[plagas]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abram]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brodeur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Urbaneja]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nonreproductive effects of insect parasitoids on their hosts.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annual Review of Entomology]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<page-range>259-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azrag]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mohamed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ndlela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ekesi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Predicting the habitat suitability of the invasive white mango scale, Aulacaspis tubercularis; Newstead, 1906 (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) using bioclimatic variables.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pest Management Science]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>78</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>4114-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[del Pino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bienvenido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boyero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biology, ecology and integrated pest management of the white mango scale, Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead, a new pest in southern Spain-a review.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crop protection]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>133</volume>
<page-range>105-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Denno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ben-Dov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hardy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NB.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lo Verde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerasa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Altamore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[First record of Icerya seychellarum and confirmed occurrence of Aulacaspis tubercularis (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in Italy.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phytoparasitica]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>175-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davidson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Armored scale insect pests of trees and shrubs (Hemiptera: Diaspididae).]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<page-range>442</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ithaca, New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[United Sates of America. Cornell University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Natural History Museum.</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Natural History Museum (London) Collection Specimens. Occurrence dataset]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Normark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Okusu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peterson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Itioka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schneider]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Phylogeny and classification of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae).]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Zootaxa]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>4616</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reddy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PVR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gundappa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chakravarthy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AK.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pests of mango.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pests and their management.]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<page-range>415-40</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Singapore ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tooker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influence of plant community structure on natural enemies of pine needle scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) in urban landscapes.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environmental Entomology]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1305-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ureña-Bogantes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meneses-Contreras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado-Barrantes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Agrocadena de Mango.]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<page-range>45</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Atenas, Alajuela ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Costa Rica,Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Watson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GW.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Arthropods of economic importance - Diaspididae of the world.]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Watson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chandler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LR.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Identification of mealybugs important in the Caribbean Region.]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Egham ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[United Kingdom. CABI Bioscience]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A new species of Aulacaspis Cockerell, 1893 from China with a key to Chinese species (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Diaspididae).]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ZooKeys]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>619</volume>
<page-range>13-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
