<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0377-9424</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Agronomía Costarricense]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Agron. Costarricense]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0377-9424</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica. Colegio de Ingenieros y Agrónomos. Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0377-94242022000200061</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rac.v46i2.52046</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Microorganismos asociados a la enfermedad conocida como pudrición suave del fruto de banano (Musa sp.) y alternativas de control microbiológicas y químicas a nivel in vitro *]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Identification of banana soft rot associated microorganisms, and in vitro evaluation of microbiological and chemical control alternatives]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas-Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jose Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang-Wong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Amy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz-Fonseca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Corporación de Desarrollo Agrícola Del Monte, S.A.  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Standard Fruit Company de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica.</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>61</fpage>
<lpage>76</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0377-94242022000200061&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0377-94242022000200061&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0377-94242022000200061&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Introducción. La Pudrición Suave del Fruto (PSF) es una enfermedad precosecha que afecta a las musáceas. En renovación de plantaciones, las pérdidas por esta enfermedad alcanzan desde 0,3 hasta 1,2 t.ha-1.año-1 de fruta. Objetivo. Describir los síntomas de la PSF, a partir de los agentes asociados para evaluar a nivel in vitro posibles alternativas microbiológicas y químicas para su control. Materiales y métodos. La descripción de los síntomas, identificación de agentes asociados y pruebas de patogenicidad se realizaron a partir del análisis de tejido enfermo de frutos de 11 y 12 semanas de edad. El potencial de 13 formulaciones comerciales de cepas puras y mezclas de microorganismos, 4 formulaciones de cobre y una formulación de yodo fueron evaluadas contra los agentes asociados a la PSF, mediante la metodología del doble enfrentamiento. Se midió el diámetro menor y mayor del anillo de inhibición, a las 24, 48 y 120 horas. Se realizó un análisis de variancia (ANDEVA) con una prueba LSD Fisher y una probabilidad del 5%. Resultados. El agente asociado a PSF fue aislado de tejido enfermo e identificado como Erwinia chrysanthemi (Dickeya chrysanthemi). Debido a que siempre fue aislada del tejido enfermo, su patogenicidad se logró comprobar mediante los postulados de Koch. Se presume una participación conjunta de Erwinia carotovora (Pectobacterium carotovorum) debido a que siempre fue asilada del tejido enfermo. El mejor efecto antagonista in vitro sobre Erwinia chrysanthemi se obtuvo con los microorganismos Bacillus pumilus cepa QST2808 y Bacillus subtilis cepa QST713. El mejor efecto in vitro de las fuentes químicas evaluadas se obtuvo con la dosis completa y media dosis de sulfato de cobre al 28,8%, y la dosis más alta de Iodo-Etanol al 2,5%. Conclusión. Se logró identificar el agente asociado a la enfermedad, además, se proponen alternativas microbiológicas y químicas con potencial inhibitorio in vitro para considerarse en pruebas de campo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Introduction. Fruit soft rot, a preharvest disease, affects banana fruit. In annual harvest plantations, its losses reach from 0,3 to 1,2 t.ha-1.year-1 of fruit. Objective. Identify associated microorganisms, describe disease symptoms, and evaluate in vitro microbiological and chemical control alternatives. Materials and methods. Symptom description, determination of associated microorganisms and pathogenicity tests were analyzed from diseased tissue. Using double confrontation methodology, inhibition potential of thirteen commercial formulations of pure strains and mixtures of microorganisms, four copper and one iodine formulations were evaluated on disease associated agents. Minor and major diameter of inhibition were measured at 24, 48 and 120 hours. Data ANOVA analysis was made using LSD Fisher test. Results. Diseased tissue associated agent was identified as Erwinia chrysanthemi (sin. Dickeya chrysanthemi). Its pathogenicity was proved by Koch's postulates. It is also presumed that Erwinia carotovora (sin. Pectobacterium carotovorum) has joint participation in this pathosystem, since it was always isolated from diseased tissue. The best in vitro antagonistic effect was observed with Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808 and Bacillus subtilis strain QST713. Regarding to chemical alternatives, the best in vitro effect was observed with copper sulphide 28.8% complete dose, followed by its half dose, and Ethabol iodine 30 ml.L-1. Conclusion. Disease associated microorganisms were identified, besides, there is proposed microbiological and chemical alternatives with in vitro potential that could be considered in field trials.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Pudrición blanda de fruto]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Erwinia sp.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Dickeya chrysanthemi]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Pectobacterium carotovorum]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Antagonismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Inhibición.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Fruit soft rot]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Erwinia sp.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Dickeya chrysanthemi]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pectobacterium carotovorum]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Antagonism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Inhibition.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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