<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0256-7024</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Geológica de América Central]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Geol. Amér. Central]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0256-7024</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0256-70242019000200057</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rgac.v2019i61.000</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Modelo volcanotectónico del graben cuspidal complejo del Turrialba (Costa Rica) y su relación con los colapsos sectoriales bajo un régimen transpresivo y transtensivo]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Volcanotectonic model of the Turrialba complex graben (Costa Rica) and its relationship with sectorial collapses under a transpressive and transtensive regime]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calvo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristian]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madrigal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Katherine]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Merayo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fabricio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mónica]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fallas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carolina]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guillermo E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Blas]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Reyna]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Escuela Centroamericana de Geología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Unidad de Investigación y Análisis del Riesgo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Red Sismológica Nacional  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>61</numero>
<fpage>57</fpage>
<lpage>77</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0256-70242019000200057&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0256-70242019000200057&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0256-70242019000200057&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El volcán Turrialba posee en su cima un graben complejo con rumbo aproximado N50°E, de 3,5 km de longitud y un ancho máximo de 2,8 km, limitado por un sistema complejo de fallas sinestrales con componente normal, varios cráteres orientados N45°E y una caldera de avalancha desportillada hacia el NE, de 6 km de longitud y 2,5 km (en promedio) de ancho. En el flanco SW se presentan dos conos secundarios con orientación N30°E; todos estos el- ementos evidencian una zona de debilidad volcanotectónica con sentido NE a lo largo de por lo menos 9 km. El análisis de las fallas secundarias asociadas presentes en sus flancos, de la morfoneotectónica y de la sismicidad, junto con los rasgos morfovolcánicos, sugieren un modelo volcanotectónico más complejo para este volcán que el planteado hasta el momento en la literatura. Se propone la existencia de una falla regional de rumbo sinestral, orientada SW-NE, la cual en superficie forma una estructura en flor negativa y genera un graben complejo limitado principalmente por las fallas Elia y Ariete. Los esfuerzos transtensivos favorecieron la formación de los cráteres y escarpes, mientras que los esfuerzos transpresivos debieron de producir una domificación tectónica y la formación de zonas altamente fracturadas. Las zonas de debilidad y el posible plegamiento favorecieron la formación de un colapso sectorial hacia el NE, con el concomi- tante desarrollo de una o varias avalanchas de escombros volcánicos. Un mecanismo similar pudo ser el disparador de la avalancha de escombros volcánica de Angostura hace 17 ka, teniendo por fuente de origen la caldera de avalancha de Coliblanco, en el flanco SW del Turrialba. Las fallas Ariete y Elia poseen un potencial sísmico de Mw 6,2 y 6,0; respectivamente y, a través de ellas, se puede producir la generación de nuevos focos eruptivos y colapsos sectoriales.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The Turrialba volcano has a complex graben on its summit with an approximate strike of N50°E, a length of 3.5 km and a maximum width of 2.8 km. The boundaries of the graben are a complex system of left-lateral, strike-slip faults with normal component, several craters oriented N45°E and a collapse caldera oriented to the NE of 6 km long and 2.5 km wide. Two secondary cones are on its SW flank with N30°E orientation; all these elements show a NE volcanotectonic trend along 9 km. The analysis of secondary faults presents on its flanks, the morphoneotectonics and seismicity, together with morphovolcanic features, suggests a volcanotectonic model more complex than those proposed in the literature for this volcano. We propose the existence of a regional left-lateral strike-slip fault, oriented SW-NE, which forms a flower structure at the surface, generating a complex graben bounded by the Elia and Ariete faults. The transtensive stress favored the formation of the craters and escarpments, whereas the transpresive stress produced a dome fold structure and highly fractured areas. The zones of weakness and possible folding favored the formation of a sectoral collapse toward the NE, with the associated development of one or several volcanic debris avalanche deposits. A similar mechanism could be the trigger of the Angostura volcanic debris avalanche 17 ka ago, from the Coliblanco avalanche caldera on the SW flank of Turrialba. The Ariete and Elia faults have a seismic potential of Mw 6.2 and 6.0, respectively. The generation of new eruptive volcanic vents and sector collapses along these faults can also occur in the future.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Graben volcánico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[caldera de avalancha]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[falla en flor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[morfoneotectónica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sismicidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cuenca de trac- ción]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[volcán Turrialba]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Volcanic graben]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[avalanche caldera]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[flower structure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[morphoneotectonics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[seismicity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pull-apart basin]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Turrialba volcano]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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