<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0256-7024</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Geológica de América Central]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Geol. Amér. Central]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0256-7024</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0256-70242015000200074</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rgac.v53i0.21144</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[State of static stress on the Costa Rican Cocos-Caribbean Plate Interface: mechanical interpretation for the origin of asperities on the seismogenic zone]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Estado de esfuerzos estáticos en la Interface De Placas Coco-Caribe en Costa Rica: interpretación mecánica para el origen de asperezas en la zona sismogénica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lücke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oscar H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Escuela Centroamericana de Geología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Pedro ]]></addr-line>
<country>CR</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>53</numero>
<fpage>74</fpage>
<lpage>88</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0256-70242015000200074&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0256-70242015000200074&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0256-70242015000200074&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:The forearc region along the Central American Subduction Zone shows a series of trench-parallel positive gravity anomalies with corresponding gravity lows along the trench and toward the coast. These features extend from Guatemala to northern Nicaragua. However, the Costa Rican section of the forearc does not follow this pattern due to the segmentation of the along-trench gravity low, the absence of the coastal low, and the presence of emerged continental mass along the forearc gravity high at the Nicoya Peninsula. Geodetic and seismological studies along the Costa Rican Subduction Zone suggest the presence of coupled areas in the seismogenic zone beneath the Nicoya Peninsula prior to the 7.6 Mw magnitude earthquake of September 5th, 2012. These areas have previously been associated with asperities. Based on the structure of the overriding plate, former publications have proposed a mechanical model for the origin of asperities along the Chilean convergent margin, in which the dense igneous material in the forearc of the overriding plate above the seismogenic zone modifies/disturbs the state of static stress and influences seismogenic processes. In Costa Rica, surface geology and gravity data indicate the existence of dense basalt/gabbro crust overlying the seismogenic zone where the coupling is present. Bouguer anomaly values in this region reach up to 120x10-5 m/s2 and are the highest for Costa Rica. In this research, the state of static stress on the Cocos-Caribbean plate interface is calculated based on the geometry and on the density distribution of a 3D litosphere density model of the subduction zone as interpreted from gravity data from combined geopotential models. Results show a spatial correlation between the coupled areas at the Nicoya Peninsula and the presence of anomalies on the static state of stress on the plate interface. The stress anomalies were calculated for the normal component of the vertical stress on the seismogenic zone and were interpreted as being generated by the dense material which makes up the forearc in the area. The dense material of the Nicoya Complex mafie rocks and the topographic load of the península on the seismogenic zone lay a role in the distribution of coupled areas and the seismic behavior of the región, since the anomalies on the normal stress on the piate interface may increase the shear stress threshold to generate the rupture.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:La región del antearco a lo largo de la zona de subducción centroamericana muestra una serie de anomalías positivas de gravedad paralelas a la trinchera con anomalías negativas correspondientes, a lo largo de la fosa y hacia la costa. Estas anomalías se extienden desde Guatemala hasta el norte de Nicaragua. Sin embargo, el segmento costarricense del antearco no sigue este patrón debido a la segmentación de la anomalía negativa de la fosa, la ausencia de la anomalía negativa costera y la presencia de masa continental emergida en el lugar de la anomalía positiva del antearco en la Península de Nicoya. Estudios geodésicos y sismológicos a lo largo de la zona de subducción costarricense sugieren la presencia de áreas de acoplamiento en la zona sismogénica bajo la península de Nicoya previo al sismo de magnitud 7,6 Mw del 5 de setiembre de 2012. Estas áreas han sido asociadas anteriormente con asperezas. Publicaciones previas han propuesto un modelo mecánico para el origen de asperezas a lo largo del margen convergente chileno, basado en la estructura de la placa cabalgante. Basado en la estructura de la placa cabalgante, publicaciones previas han propuesto un modelo mecánico para el origen de asperezas a lo largo del margen convergente chileno, en el cual el material ígneo denso en el antearco de la placa cabalgante sobre la zona sismogénica, modifica el estado de esfuerzos estáticos en la interface de placas e influye en los procesos sismogénicos. En Costa Rica, la geología de superficie y los datos de gravedad indican la presencia de corteza densa compuesta por basaltos y gabros que sobreyace la zona sismogénica en donde el acoplamiento está presente. Los valores de anomalía de Bouguer en esta región alcanzan los 120x10-5 m/s2 y son los más altos medidos para Costa Rica. En este trabajo, el estado de esfuerzos estáticos en la interface de placas Cocos-Caribe se calcula basado en la geometría y en la distribución de densidad de un modelo tridimensional de la litósfera de la zona de subducción interpretado a partir de datos de gravedad de modelos geopotenciales combinados. Los resultados muestran una correlación espacial entre las áreas acopladas en la Península de Nicoya y la presencia de anomalías en el estado de esfuerzos estáticos en la interface de placas. Las anomalías de esfuerzo se calcularon para la componente normal del esfuerzo vertical en la zona sismogénica y se interpretaron como originadas por el material denso que compone el antearco en el área. El material denso de las rocas máficas del Complejo de Nicoya y la carga topográfica de la península sobre la zona sismogénica influyen en la distribución de zonas acopladas y el comportamiento sísmico de la región. Esto se debe a que las anomalías en el esfuerzo normal a la interface de placas incrementan el umbral de esfuerzo cortante para generar la ruptura.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Tectonic stress]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[asperities]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[seismogenesis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[geophysics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gravimetry]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Esfuerzos tectónicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[asperezas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sismogénesis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[geofísica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[gravimetría]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ARIAS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Geologia y petrologia magmatica del Bloque Herradura (Cretacico superior - Eoceno, Costa Rica).]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<page-range>186</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Switzerland ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Université de Lausanne]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ARROYO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sismicidad y Neotectónica en la región de influencia del Proyecto Boruca: hacia una mejor definición sismo-génica del sureste de Costa Rica]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<page-range>162</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José, Costa Rica, Thesis Lic ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ARROYO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ALVARADO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Local Seismicity at the Cocos Ridge - Osa Peninsula Subduction Zone, Costa Rica.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FLUEH]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>84</volume>
<numero>46</numero>
<issue>46</issue>
<page-range>S52F-0174</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ARROYO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HUSEN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FLUEH]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GOSSLER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[KISSLING]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Three-Dimensional P-wave Velocity Structure on the Shallow Part of the Central Costa Rican Pacific Margin from Local Earthquake Tomography Using Off- and Onshore Networks.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ALVARADO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Geophys. J. Int.]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BARCKHAUSEN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ROESER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Magnetic Signature of Upper Plate Structures and Subducting Seamounts at the Convergent Margin of Costa Rica.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[VON HUENE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Geophys. Res.]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>103</volume>
<page-range>7079-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BUCHS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BAUMGARTNER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BAUMGARTNER-MORA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BANDINI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[JACKETT]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. - J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DISERENS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. - O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Late Cretaceous to Miocene Seamount Accretion and Mélange Formation in the Osa and Burica Peninsulas (Southern Costa Rica): Episodic Growth of a Convergent Margin.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[STUCKI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Pub.]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>328</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CATTIN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LYON-CAEN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quantification of Interplate Coupling in Subduction Zones and Forearc Topography.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CHÉRY]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Geophys. Res. Letters,]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>13</numero>
<issue>13</issue>
<page-range>1563-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DENYER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[AGUILAR]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MONTERO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cartografía geológica de la Península de Nicoya, Costa Rica: estratigrafía y tectónica.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>207</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial UCR]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DENYER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ALVARADO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mapa geológico de Costa Rica]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Francesa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DESHON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SCHWARTZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[NEWMAN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GONZÁLEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PROTTI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DORMAN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. R. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DIXON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SAMPSON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Seismogenic zone structure beneath the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica, from three-dimensional local earthquake P- and S-wave tomography.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FLUEH]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Geophys.Jo. Int.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>164</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>109-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DINC]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[KOULAKOV]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[THORWART]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RABBEL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FLUEH]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ARROYO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[TAYLOR]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Local Earthquake Tomography of Central Costa Rica: Transition from Seamount to Ridge Subduction.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ALVARADO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Geophys . J. Int.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>183</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>286-302</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DZIERMA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RABBEL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[THORWART]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FLUEH]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MORA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Steeply Subducting Edge of the Cocos Ridge: Evidence from Receiver Functions Beneath the Northern Talamanca Range, South-Cntral Costa Rica.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ALVARADO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. E.,]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DZIERMA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[THORWART]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RABBEL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FLUEH]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ALVARADO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Imaging Crustal Structure in South Central Costa Rica with Receiver Functions.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MORA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FENG]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[NEWMAN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PROTTI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GONZÁLEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[JIANG]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Active Deformation Near the Nicoya Peninsula, Northwestern Costa Rica, Between 1996 and 2010: Interseismic Megathrust Coupling.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DIXON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Geophys. Res.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>117</volume>
<numero>B06407</numero>
<issue>B06407</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GAZEL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DENYER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Magmatic and Geotectonic Significance of Santa Elena Peninsula, Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BAUMGARTNER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Geologica Acta]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>193202</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GÖTZE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ein numerisches Verfahren zur Berechnung der gravimetrischen und magnetischen Feldgrößen für dreidimensionale Modellkörper.]]></source>
<year>1976</year>
<page-range>106</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Clausthal, Germany ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[TU Clausthal]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GÖTZE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Application of three-dimensional interactive modeling in gravity and magnetics.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LAHMEYER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Geophysics]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1096-108</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GUTKNECHT]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GÖTZE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. - J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[JAHR]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[JENTZSCH]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MAHATSENTE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Structure and State of Stress of the Chilean Subduction Zone from Terrestrial and Satellite-Derived Gravity and Gravity Gradient Data.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ZEUMANN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Surveys in: Geophysics]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>1-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HACKER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PEACOCK]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ABERS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Subduction factory 2: Are Intermediate Depth Earthquakes in Subducting Slabs Linked to Metamorphic Dehydration Reactions?.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HOLLOWAY]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Geophys. Res.]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>108</volume>
<numero>B1</numero>
<issue>B1</issue>
<page-range>2030</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HUSEN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[QUINTERO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[KISSLING]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Subduction zone structure and magmatic processes beneath Costa Rica constrained by local earthquake tomography and petrological modelling]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HACKER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Geophysical Journal International]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>155</volume>
<page-range>11-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[KÖTHER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GÖTZE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.-J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GUTKNECHT]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[JAHR]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[JENTZSCH]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LÜCKE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MAHATSENTE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SHARMA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The seismically active Andean and Central American margins: Can satellite gravity map lithospheric structures?.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ZEUMANN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Geodynamics]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>59-60</volume>
<page-range>207-18</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LAY]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An asperity model of large earthquake sequences.-]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[KANAMORI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SIMPSON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RICHARDS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Earthquake Prediction: An International Review:]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<page-range>579-92</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington D.C. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Amer. Geophys. Union]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Resonant Slow Fault Slip in Subduction Zones Forced by Climatic Load Stress]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LOWRY]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. R.,]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>442</volume>
<numero>7104</numero>
<issue>7104</issue>
<page-range>802-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LÜCKE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[3D Density Modeling of the Central American Isthmus from Satellite Derived Gravity Data.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>129</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Germany ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Moho Structure of Central America Based on Three-Dimensional Lithospheric Density Modelling of Satellite-Derived Gravity Data]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LÜCKE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Earth Sci. (Geol Rundsch),]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>103</volume>
<page-range>1733-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LÜCKE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GÖTZE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. - J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Constrained 3D Density Model of the Upper Crust from Gravity data interpretation for central Costa Rica.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ALVARADO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. E.,]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of. Geophysics]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<page-range>1-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>NATIONAL IMAGERY AND MAPPING AGENCY</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Department of Defense World Geodetic System 1984: Its definition and relationship with local geodetic systems.]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<edition>3rd</edition>
<page-range>175</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PAVLIS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HOLMES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[KENYON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The development and evaluation of the Earth Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM2008).]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FACTOR]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>117</volume>
<numero>B4</numero>
<issue>B4</issue>
<page-range>B04406</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RANERO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[VILLASENOR]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PHIPPSMORGAN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Relationship Between Bend-Faulting at Trenches and Intermediate-Depth Seismicity.-]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[WEINREBE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SALLARES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DANOBEITIA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lithospheric Structure of the Costa Rican Isthmus: Effects of Subduction Zone Magmatism on an Oceanic Plateau.-]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FLUEH]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Geophys. Rese.]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>106</volume>
<numero>B1</numero>
<issue>B1</issue>
<page-range>621-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SCHMIDT]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GÖTZE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. - J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FICHLER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[IGMAS+ -a new 3D Gravity, FTG and Magnetic Modeling Software.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ALVERS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zipf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Behncke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hillen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schefermeyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[GEO-INFORMATIK 2010, Die Welt im Netz:]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<page-range>57-63</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Heidelberg, Germany ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft AKA GmbH]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Earthquakes and Friction laws]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SCHOLZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>391</volume>
<numero>6662</numero>
<issue>6662</issue>
<page-range>37-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SCHOLZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Effect of Seamount Subduction on Seismic Coupling]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SMALL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Geology]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>487-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SOBIESIAK]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MEYER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SCHMIDT]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GÖTZE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. - J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Asperity Generating Upper Crustal Sources Revealed by b-Value and Isostatic Residual Anomaly Grids in the Area of Antofagasta, Chile]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[KRAWCZYK]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. M.,]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Geophys. Res.]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>112</volume>
<numero>B12308</numero>
<issue>B12308</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SONG]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. R. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Large Trench-Parallel Gravity Variations Predict Seismogenic Behavior in Subduction Zones.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SIMONS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.,]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>301</volume>
<page-range>630-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[VANSUMMEREN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CONRAD]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The importance of slab pull and a global asthe-nosphere to plate motions.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LITHGOW-BERTELLONI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[VON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HUENE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quaternary Convergent Margin Tectonics of Costa Rica, Segmentation of the Cocos Plate, and Central American Volcanism.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HINZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Tectonics]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>314-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SYRACUSE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ABERS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FISCHER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MACKENZIE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RYCHERT]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PROTTI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GONZÁLEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Seismic Tomography and Earthquake Locations in the Nicaraguan and Costa Rican Upper Mantle.-]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[STRAUCH]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Control of Forearc Density Structure on Megathrust Shear Strength Along the Chilean Subduction Zone.-]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[TASSARA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Tectonophysics]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>495</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>34-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Onthe MechanicalRole ofSmectite in Subduction Zones]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[VROLIJK]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Geology]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>703-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[WANG]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mechanics of low-stress forearcs: Nankai and Cascadia.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.,]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth.]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>104</volume>
<numero>B7</numero>
<issue>B7</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[WORZEWSKI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[JEGEN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[KOPP]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BRASSE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Magnetotelluric Image of the Fluid Cycle in the Costa Rican Subduction Zone.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[TAYLOR]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nature Geosci.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>4</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
