<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0256-7024</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Geológica de América Central]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Geol. Amér. Central]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0256-7024</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0256-70242012000100003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Presencia de Ptychodus Mortoni (Elasmobranchii: Ptychodontidae) en el Cretácico Superior de Venezuela]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Presence of Ptychodus Mortini (Elasmobranchii: Ptychodontidae) in the Upper Cretaceous of Venezuela]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrillo-Briceño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge D]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Valparaíso Programa de Magíster en Oceanografía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Reñaca Viña del Mar]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>46</numero>
<fpage>145</fpage>
<lpage>150</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0256-70242012000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0256-70242012000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0256-70242012000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Ptychodus mortoni is a durophagous shark characteristic from the Upper Cretaceous, with a chronostratigraphic record between the Turonian-Maastrichtian. The present contribution illustrate and describes a set of teeth of Ptychodus mortoni from the La Luna Formation, Upper Cretaceous of the Sierra de Perijá, Zulia State, Venezuela. This material represents the only known record for South America, increasing the paleobiogeographi distribution of the taxon, which was previously known only from Africa, North America and Europe.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Ptychodus mortoni es un tiburón durofago característico del Cretácico Superior, con un registro cronoestratigráfico entre el Turoniano-Maastrichtiano. En la presente contribución se ilustra y describe un conjunto de dientes de un mismo ejemplar de Ptychodus mortoni, proveniente de la Formación La Luna, del Cretácico Superior de La Sierra de Perijá, Estado Zulia, Venezuela. Este material representa el único registro conocido de esta especie para América del sur y extiende la distribución paleobiogeográfica del taxón, el cual era conocido sólo para África, América del Norte y Europa]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Chondrichthyes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Late Cretaceous]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[La Luna Formation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Sierra de Perijá]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Venezuela]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Chondrichthyes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cretácico Superior]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Formación La Luna]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Sierra de Perijá]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Venezuela]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <div style="text-align: justify;">     <div style="text-align: center;"><font size="4"><span  style="font-family: verdana; font-weight: bold;">Presencia de <span  style="font-style: italic;">Ptychodus Mortoni</span> (Elasmobranchii: Ptychodontidae) en el Cret&aacute;cico Superior de Venezuela</span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana; font-weight: bold;"> </div> <font size="2"></font><br  style="font-family: verdana; font-weight: bold;">     <div style="text-align: center;"><font size="4"><span  style="font-family: verdana; font-weight: bold;">Presence of <span  style="font-style: italic;">Ptychodus Mortini</span> (Elasmobranchii: Ptychodontidae) in the Upper Cretaceous of Venezuela</span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> </div> <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     <div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span  style="font-family: verdana;">Jorge D. Carrillo-Brice&ntilde;o<sup><a  href="#1">1</a><a name="2"></a>*</sup></span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> </div> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">    <br>     <a name="Correspondencia2"></a>*<a href="#Correspondencia1">Direcci&oacute;n     para correspondencia:</a><br style="font-family: verdana;">     </span></font><font size="2"></font>     <hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="3"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-weight: bold;">Abstract</span></font><br     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[ style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span      style="font-style: italic;">Ptychodus mortoni</span> is a durophagous     shark characteristic from the Upper     Cretaceous, with a chronostratigraphic record between the     Turonian-Maastrichtian. The present contribution illustrate and     describes a set of teeth of <span style="font-style: italic;">Ptychodus     mortoni</span> from the La Luna     Formation, Upper Cretaceous of the Sierra de Perij&aacute;, Zulia     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[State, Venezuela. This material represents the only known record for     South America, increasing the paleobiogeographi distribution of the     taxon, which was previously known only from Africa, North America and     Europe.</span></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span      style="font-weight: bold;">Key word: </span>Chondrichthyes, Late     Cretaceous, La Luna Formation, Sierra de     Perij&aacute;, Venezuela.</span></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<font size="3"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-weight: bold;">Resumen</span></font><br      style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span      style="font-style: italic;">Ptychodus mortoni</span> es un     tibur&oacute;n durofago caracter&iacute;stico     del Cret&aacute;cico Superior, con un registro     cronoestratigr&aacute;fico entre el Turoniano-Maastrichtiano. En la     presente contribuci&oacute;n se ilustra y describe un conjunto de     dientes de un mismo ejemplar de <span style="font-style: italic;">Ptychodus     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[mortoni</span>, proveniente de la     Formaci&oacute;n La Luna, del Cret&aacute;cico Superior de La Sierra de     Perij&aacute;, Estado Zulia, Venezuela. Este material representa el     &uacute;nico registro conocido de esta especie para Am&eacute;rica del     sur y extiende la distribuci&oacute;n paleobiogeogr&aacute;fica del     tax&oacute;n, el cual era conocido s&oacute;lo para &Aacute;frica,     Am&eacute;rica del Norte y Europa.</span></font><br      style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[ style="font-weight: bold;">Palabras clave:</span> Chondrichthyes,     Cret&aacute;cico Superior,     Formaci&oacute;n La Luna, Sierra de Perij&aacute;, Venezuela.</span></font><br      style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"></font>     <hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span      style="font-style: italic;">Ptychodus</span> Agassiz 1835, es un     g&eacute;nero de tiburones     caracter&iacute;sticos del Cret&aacute;cico Superior, con una     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[distribuci&oacute;n cronoestratigr&aacute;fica que va desde el&nbsp;     Albiense&nbsp; hasta&nbsp; el&nbsp; Maestrichtiense&nbsp; (Johnson <span      style="font-style: italic;">et     al.</span>, 2002). El g&eacute;nero <span style="font-style: italic;">Ptychodus</span>     presenta una     morfolog&iacute;a&nbsp; dental&nbsp; adaptada&nbsp; para&nbsp; la&nbsp;     trituraci&oacute;n, lo que ha llevado a pensar que los representantes     de este g&eacute;nero pose&iacute;an h&aacute;bitos alimenticios     basados en moluscos (Cappetta, 1987; Shimada <span      style="font-style: italic;">et al.</span>, 2010). En la     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[actualidad se conocen poco m&aacute;s de 12 especies con registros en     &Aacute;frica, America del Norte y del Sur, Asia, Australia, Europa y     El Caribe (Reinhart, 1951; Wenz, 1972; Cappetta, 1987; Williamson <span      style="font-style: italic;">et     al.</span>, 1989; Welton &amp; Farish, 1993; Antunes &amp; Cappetta,     2002;     Brito &amp; Janvier, 2002; Mutter <span style="font-style: italic;">et     al.</span>, 2005). La posici&oacute;n     sistem&aacute;tica de <span style="font-style: italic;">Ptychodus</span>     todav&iacute;a es muy controvertida.     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[Se ha propuesto que estos tiburones deben ser incluidos tanto en el     grupo de los hybodontiformes (Cappetta, 1987; Welton &amp; Farish,     1993), como en el de los Neoselachii (Maisey <span      style="font-style: italic;">et al.</span>, 2004).</span></font><br      style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span      style="font-style: italic;">Ptychodus mortoni</span> Mantell 1839, es     una de las especies mejor conocidas     y su registro incluye el Cret&aacute;cico Superior de &Aacute;frica,     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[Am&eacute;rica del Norte y Europa, con una distribuci&oacute;n     cronoestratigr&aacute;fica que va desde el Turoniano Temprano hasta     el Maastrichtiano (Cappetta, 1987; Alvarado-Ortega <span      style="font-style: italic;">et al.</span>, 2006;     Blanco-Pi&ntilde;&oacute;n <span style="font-style: italic;">et al.</span>,     2007; Shimada <span style="font-style: italic;">et al.</span>, 2010).     La     mayor&iacute;a de los registros de <span style="font-style: italic;">P.     mortoni</span> se limitan a dientes     aislados; sin embargo, tambi&eacute;n se conocen algunos registros     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[excepcionales, representados por placas dentales completas del     Cret&aacute;cico Superior de Kansas, en Am&eacute;rica del Norte.     Algunos de estos ejemplares f&oacute;siles han permitido hipotetizar     tama&ntilde;os de hasta 10 m para este tibur&oacute;n (Shimada <span      style="font-style: italic;">et al.</span>,     2010). El &uacute;nico registro conocido de <span      style="font-style: italic;">P. mortoni</span> para     Am&eacute;rica del Sur fue reportado por Aguilera &amp; Lundberg (2010)     y Aguilera (2010), para el Cret&aacute;cico Superior de     Venezuela.&nbsp; El&nbsp; material&nbsp; de&nbsp; Venezuela&nbsp;     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[proviene de la Sierra de Perij&aacute;, en el Estado Zulia (<a      href="/img/revistas/rgac/n46/a03i1.jpg">Fig. 1</a>),     pero la ubicaci&oacute;n exacta del hallazgo se desconoce. Seg&uacute;n     Aguilera (2010), el material referido a <span      style="font-style: italic;">P. mortoni</span> corresponde a la     Formaci&oacute;n La Luna.</span></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">La presente     contribuci&oacute;n tiene por objeto describir e ilustrar     el material de <span style="font-style: italic;">P. mortoni</span>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[mencionado por Aguilera &amp; Lundberg     (2010) y Aguilera (2010), as&iacute; como discutir las implicancias     paleobiogeogr&aacute;ficas que este registro representa.</span></font><br      style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-weight: bold;">Sistem&aacute;tica</span></font><br      style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Clase Chondrichthyes     Huxley, 1880</span></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Orden incertae sedis</span></font><br      style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Familia     Ptychodontidae Jaekel, 1898</span></font><br      style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Genero <span      style="font-style: italic;">Ptychodus</span> Agassiz, 1835</span></font><br      style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Ptychodus<span      style="font-style: italic;"> mortoni</span>, Mantell 1839</span></font><br     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[ style="font-family: verdana;">     <a href="/img/revistas/rgac/n46/a03i2.jpg"><font size="2"><span      style="font-family: verdana;">Fig. 2 A-D</span></font></a><br      style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Material referido:     Cinco dientes completos sueltos;&nbsp; dos&nbsp;     dientes&nbsp; completos&nbsp; y&nbsp; veinte&nbsp; dientes&nbsp;     fragmentados&nbsp; contenidos&nbsp; en&nbsp; una&nbsp;     concreci&oacute;n calc&aacute;rea; todo el material est&aacute;     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[depositado en     la Colecci&oacute;n de Paleontolog&iacute;a de la Alcald&iacute;a de     Urumaco en el Estado Falc&oacute;n bajo el c&oacute;digo CURS-211.</span></font><br      style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Edad y     Geolog&iacute;a: Los ejemplares aqu&iacute; tratados provienen     de los afloramientos de la Formaci&oacute;n La Luna en la Sierra de     Perij&aacute;, estado Zulia. Debido al amplio rango     cronoestratigr&aacute;fico (Cenomaniano Campaniano) de esta unidad     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[geol&oacute;gica en el occidente de Venezuela (Zapata <span      style="font-style: italic;">et al.</span>, 2003) y     dado que se desconoce la localidad exacta del hallazgo, no es posible     precisar con mayor detalle la edad de los ejemplares. En la Sierra de     Perij&aacute; la Formaci&oacute;n La Luna esta suprayaciendo al Grupo     Cogollo, el cual tiene una edad Aptiense-Albiense; sin embargo,     autores como Erlich <span style="font-style: italic;">et al.</span>,     (1998), plantean que para la zona existe     un hiatus regional de casi todo el Cenomaniano para la base de la     Formaci&oacute;n La Luna, quedando esta unidad geol&oacute;gica     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[asignada en la regi&oacute;n con un rango cronoestratigr&aacute;fico     entre el Cenomaniano Superior y el Santoniano, donde existe un cambio     transicional hacia la suprayacente Formaci&oacute;n Socuy (Campaniano).</span></font><br      style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Descripci&oacute;n:     se describen aqu&iacute; los cinco dientes     completos que se hayan desprendidos de la matriz. Estos son     considerados como representativos del conjunto y su condici&oacute;n     de preservaci&oacute;n permite describirlos en forma detallada.</span></font><br     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[ style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Se trata de dos     dientes postero laterales y tres antero mediales. Todos     poseen la corona con una c&uacute;spide en forma de domo. De dicha     c&uacute;spide parten una serie de fuertes crestas que se distribuyen     radialmente hasta el &aacute;rea marginal, donde se hacen     m&aacute;s finas y forman un patr&oacute;n reticular. El ejemplar     m&aacute;s grande tiene 25 mm de ancho, 19 mm de largo y una altura de     la corona de 14 mm.</span></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="3"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-weight: bold;">Discusi&oacute;n</span></font><br      style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Seg&uacute;n     Cappetta (1987), los dientes de <span style="font-style: italic;">Ptychodus     mortoni</span> poseen     una morfolog&iacute;a coronaria caracterizada por una c&uacute;spide     c&oacute;nica de donde parte en forma radial una serie de fuertes     crestas que en el &aacute;rea marginal se hacen m&aacute;s finas y     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[adquieren un patr&oacute;n reticular. Estas caracter&iacute;sticas de     la corona son diagn&oacute;sticas de esta especie (Cappetta, 1987).</span></font><br      style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Dentro del     g&eacute;nero <span style="font-style: italic;">Ptychodus</span>, los     ejemplares m&aacute;s     similares a <span style="font-style: italic;">P. mortoni</span>     corresponden a los taxones <span style="font-style: italic;">P.     cyclodontis</span>, del     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[Turoniano de Cuba (Mutter <span style="font-style: italic;">et al.</span>,     2005); <span style="font-style: italic;">Ptychodus</span> sp.,     presumiblemente de la Formaci&oacute;n La Luna, en Venezuela (Brito     &amp;     Janvier, 2002) y&nbsp; <span style="font-style: italic;">Ptychodus</span>     sp.,&nbsp; procedente de la     Formaci&oacute;n La Luna en el estado Trujillo,&nbsp; en&nbsp; los     Andes&nbsp; de&nbsp; Venezuela&nbsp; (Carrillo, 2009). Sin embargo, los     ejemplares mencionados de <span style="font-style: italic;">Ptychodus</span>     <span style="font-style: italic;">cyclodontis</span> y <span     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[ style="font-style: italic;">Ptychodus</span> sp. se diferencian de     CURS-211 por poseer una dentici&oacute;n homodonta (Brito     &amp; Janvier, 2002; Mutter <span style="font-style: italic;">et al.</span>,     2005) vs. dentici&oacute;n     heterodonta en <span style="font-style: italic;">P. mortoni</span>.</span></font><br      style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Los ejemplares de <span      style="font-style: italic;">Ptychodus</span> sp. descritos para la     Formaci&oacute;n La     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[Luna (Carrillo, 2009) presentan una variabilidad en tama&ntilde;os y     formas que llevar&iacute;an a pensar que pertenecen a un conjunto     dentario heterodonto muy similar a los dientes c&oacute;nicos antero     laterales de <span style="font-style: italic;">P. mortoni</span>     (Welton &amp; Farish, 1993). Sin embargo, los     dientes de <span style="font-style: italic;">P. mortoni</span>     presentan una corona m&aacute;s redondeada y no     tan aguda como los descritos por Carrillo (2009). Los caracteres     morfol&oacute;gicos coronarios observados en los dientes CURS-211 y     su patr&oacute;n heterodonto permiten ratificar la asignaci&oacute;n     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[de estos ejemplares a <span style="font-style: italic;">P. mortoni</span>.</span></font><br      style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">La     distribuci&oacute;n paleobiogeogr&aacute;fica y     cronoestratigr&aacute;fica de Ptychodus<span style="font-style: italic;">     mortoni</span> conocida hasta el momento     incluye &Aacute;frica, en el Turoniano Superior de Angola (Antunes     &amp; Cappetta, 2002); Am&eacute;rica del Norte, en el     Coniaciano-Campaniano de Estados Unidos de Norte Am&eacute;rica     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[(Cappetta, 1987; Williamson <span style="font-style: italic;">et al.</span>,     1989; Shimada <span style="font-style: italic;">et al.</span>, 2010) y     el     Turoniano Temprano-Maastrichtiano de M&eacute;xico (Alvarado-Ortega <span      style="font-style: italic;">et     al.</span>, 2006; Blanco-Pi&ntilde;&oacute;n <span      style="font-style: italic;">et al.</span>, 2007) y Europa, en el     Coniaciano-Campaniano de B&eacute;lgica, Inglaterra e Italia     (Blanco-Pi&ntilde;&oacute;n <span style="font-style: italic;">et al.</span>,     2007).</span></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="3"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-weight: bold;">Conclusiones</span></font><br      style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Aguilera &amp;     Lundberg (2010) y Aguilera (2010) asignaron     provisoriamente los ejemplares CURS- 211 a la especie <span      style="font-style: italic;">P. mortoni</span>. En     base a la descripci&oacute;n y a las comparaciones aqu&iacute;     establecidas es posible confirmar dicha asignaci&oacute;n.     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[Adicionalmente, se propone una edad para estos ejemplares entre el     Cenomaniano Superior y el Santoniano, con base en el rango     cronoestratigr&aacute;fico de la Formaci&oacute;n La Luna en la Sierra     de Perij&aacute;. La presencia de Ptychodus<span      style="font-style: italic;"> mortoni</span> en el     Cret&aacute;cico superior de Venezuela, representa el &uacute;nico     registro conocido de la especie para el Mesozoico de Am&eacute;rica del     Sur, ampliando notablemente la distribuci&oacute;n geogr&aacute;fica de     este tax&oacute;n.</span></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<font size="3"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-weight: bold;">Agradecimientos</span></font><br      style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">El autor quiere     agradecer al Dr. Orangel Aguilera (Museo Paraense     Em&iacute;lio Goeldi, Belem, Brasil) y al Lic. Sergio Bogan     (Fundaci&oacute;n de Historia Natural &#8220;F&eacute;lix de Azara&#8221;,     Universidad Maim&oacute;nides, Buenos Aires, Argentina) por sus     valiosos aportes en el desarrollo de esta investigaci&oacute;n.</span></font><br      style="font-family: verdana;">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<font size="2"></font>     <hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="3"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-weight: bold;">Referencias</span></font><br      style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">AGUILERA, O., 2010:     Peces F&oacute;siles del Caribe de Venezuela.-258     <!-- ref -->p&aacute;gs. Gorham Printing, Centralia, USA.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=983731&pid=S0256-7024201200010000300001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --></span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">AGUILERA, O. &amp; LUNDBERG, J., 2009: Venezuelan caribbean and orinocoan neogene fish.-En: S&Aacute;NCHEZ-VILLAGRA, M.,&nbsp; AGUILERA,&nbsp;&nbsp; O.&nbsp;&nbsp; &amp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CARLINI,&nbsp;&nbsp; F. 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J. &amp; CENTENO-GARC&Iacute;A, E., 2006: Los peces f&oacute;siles de la Formaci&oacute;n Mexcala (Cret&aacute;cico Superior) en el Estado de Guerrero, M&eacute;xico.-Rev. Brasileira de Paleont. 9(3): 261-272.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=983734&pid=S0256-7024201200010000300004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --></span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">BLANCO-PI&Ntilde;&Oacute;N, A., GARIBAY-ROMERO, L.M. &amp; ALVARADO-ORTEGA, J., 2007: The&nbsp; oldest&nbsp; stratigraphic&nbsp; record&nbsp; of&nbsp; the Late Cretaceous shark <span  style="font-style: italic;">Ptychodus</span> mortoni Agassiz, from Vallecillo, Nuevo Le&oacute;n, northeastern Mexico.-Rev. 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Geol. 24(1): 25-30.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=983735&pid=S0256-7024201200010000300005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --></span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">BRITO, P.M. &amp; JANVIER, P., 2002: A ptychodontid (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from the Upper Cretaceous of South America.-Geodiversitas, 24(4): 785-790.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=983736&pid=S0256-7024201200010000300006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --></span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">CAPPETTA, H., 1987: Chondrychthyes&nbsp;&nbsp; II. Mesozoic and Cenozoic Elasmobranchii.-En: Schultze, H. P (ed.): Handbook of Paleoichthyology, Vol. 3B. Gustav Fisher Verlag, Stuttgart, 193 p&aacute;gs.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=983737&pid=S0256-7024201200010000300007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --></span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">CARRILLO, J., 2009: Presencia del genero <span style="font-style: italic;">Ptychodus</span> (Elasmobranchii: Ptychodontiade) en el Cret&aacute;cico Superior de los Andes de Trujillo Venezuela.-Geominas, 37(50): 207-210.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=983738&pid=S0256-7024201200010000300008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --></span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">ERLICH, R.N., MACSOTAY, O., NEDERBRAGT A.J. &amp; LORENTE, M.A., 1999: Palaeoceanography, palaeoecology, and depositional environments of Upper Cretaceous rocks of western Venezuela.-Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology,&nbsp; Palaeoecology, 153: 203-238.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=983739&pid=S0256-7024201200010000300009&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --></span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">GARRITY, C.P, HACKLEY, P.C. &amp; URBANI, P.F., 2004: Digital Shaded-relief map of Venezuela (Version 1.0).(Reston, Va) -U.S. Geological Survey.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=983740&pid=S0256-7024201200010000300010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --></span></font><br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">JOHNSON, S.C., LUCAS, S.G. &amp; FRIEDMAN, V., 2002: Stratigraphic range and bioestratigraphic utility of the Cretaceous shark genus <span style="font-style: italic;">Ptychodus</span>.-Geol. Soc. Amer., Annual meeting: Denver, Colorado, USA, Abstracts Programs, 34(6): 462.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=983741&pid=S0256-7024201200010000300011&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --></span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">MAISEY J.G., NAYLOR G.J.P. &amp; WARD D.J., 2004: Mesozoic elasmobranchs, neoselachian phylogeny and the rise of modern elasmobranch&nbsp; diversity.- En: ARRATIA, G. &amp; TINTORI, A. (eds.): Mesozoic fishes 3 systematics, paleoenvironment and biodiversity.-Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, M&uuml;nchen: 17-56.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=983742&pid=S0256-7024201200010000300012&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --></span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">MUTTER , R.J., ITURRALDE-VINENT, M. &amp; CARMONA, J.F., 2005: The first Mesozoic Caribbean shark is from the Turonian of Cuba: <span  style="font-style: italic;">Ptychodus</span> <span style="font-style: italic;">cyclodontis</span> sp. nov. (? 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Sci. 28: 195-202.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=983744&pid=S0256-7024201200010000300014&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --></span></font><br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">SHIMADA, K., EVERHART, M.J., DECKER, R. &amp; DECKER, P., 2010: A new skeletal remain of the durophagous shark, <span  style="font-style: italic;">Ptychodus</span> mortoni, from the Upper Cretaceous of North America: an indication of gigantic body size.-Cretaceous Res. 31: 249&#8211;254.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=983745&pid=S0256-7024201200010000300015&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --></span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">WENZ, S., 1972: Pr&eacute;sence du S&eacute;lacien <span style="font-style: italic;">Ptychodus</span> (Pt. chappelli) dans le Cr&eacute;tac&eacute; sup&eacute;rieur de l&#8217;&Eacute;quateur (Am&eacute;rique du Sud).-Bull.Mus. Nat. d&#8217;Hist. Naturelle, 74: 91-94.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=983746&pid=S0256-7024201200010000300016&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --></span></font><br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">WELTON, B. J. &amp; FARISH, R.F., 1993: The Collector&#8217;s Guide to Fossils Sharks and Rays from the Cretaceous of Texas.-204 p&aacute;gs. 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Soc. 40: 239-245.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=983748&pid=S0256-7024201200010000300018&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --></span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"></font><br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">ZAPATA, E., PADRO, V., MADRID, I., KERTZNUS, V., TRUSKOWSKI, I. &amp; LORENTE, M.A., 2003: Biostratigraphic, sedimentologic, and chemostratigraphic study of the La Luna Formation (Late Turonian-Campanian) in the San Miguel and Las Hern&aacute;ndez sections, western&nbsp; Venezuela.- Palaios, 18(4): 367-377.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=983749&pid=S0256-7024201200010000300019&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><br> </span></font><font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">    <br> <a name="Correspondencia1"></a><a href="#Correspondencia2">*</a>Correspondencia:    <br> <a name="1"></a><a href="#2">1</a> Jorge D. Carrillo-Brice&ntilde;o: </span></font><font  size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Programa de Mag&iacute;ster en Oceanograf&iacute;a, Universidad de Valpara&iacute;so. Avenida Borgo&ntilde;o 16344, Re&ntilde;aca, Vi&ntilde;a del Mar, Chile Jorgedcb100@gmail.com</span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"></font> <hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"></div>     <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-weight: bold;"  size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Recibido: 9/04/2012 ; aceptado: 11/06/2012 </span></font>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br> </div>      ]]></body><back>
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