<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0253-2948</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Costarricense de Ciencias Médicas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. costarric. cienc. méd]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0253-2948</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Nacional de Salud y Seguridad Social]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0253-29481997000300004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Alprazolam: análisis de posibles diferencias farmacocinéticas debidas al sexo]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sáenz-Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Desirée]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parra B.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pilar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbanoj R.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manel J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Barcelon ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Investigación - HSCSP  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Investigación - HSCSP  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>1997</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>1997</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>35</fpage>
<lpage>41</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0253-29481997000300004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0253-29481997000300004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0253-29481997000300004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Para evaluar la posible influencia del sexo en el comportamiento farmacocinético de una benzodiacepina, se administró una dosis oral de 1 mg de alprazolam (ALZ) a 8 varones y 8 mujeres. Se determinaron las concentraciones plasmáticas (Cp) en muestras extraídas a los siguientes tiempos: 0, 0,5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 24 y 48 horas. La concentración máxima (C MAX) fue de 11,73± 2.55 ng/mL y la mayoría de los tiempos para C MAX (tMAX) oscilaron entre 1 y 1.5 h. El tiempo de vida media (t½) de eliminación fue de 14,21 ± 5,72 h y el área bajo la curva 0 a 48 h (ABC0-48) alcanzó una magnitud de 135,16±62,89 ng/mL- h. Los perfiles de las Cp fueron equivalentes y los diferentes parámetros evaluados no se diferenciaron en función del sexo. Todos los sujetos mostraron una buena tolerabilidad al fármaco. Con este ensayo se concluye que no hay evidencia de diferenciación en la farmacocinética del ALZ debida al factor sexo y que la realización de este tipo de ensayos contribuye a describir la posible existencia de diferencias cinéticas atribuibles al sexo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[To evaluate the possible influence of gender in the pharmacokinetic behavior of benzodiazepines, a single oral dose of alprazolam 1 mg was administered to 8 men and 8 women, all healthy subjects. Samples for plasmatic concentrations (Cp) were extracted at the following times: 0, 0,5, 1, 1,5, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 24 y 48 hours. The maximum plasma drug concentration (Cmax) was 11,73±2,55 ng/mL and the time to reach peax concentration (t max) varied betwen + 1 y +1,5 hs. The elimination half-life (t½) was 14,21 ±5,72 h and the area under the concentration-time curve 0 to 48 hs (AUC0-48) reached a magnitude of 135,16±62,89 ng/mL-; h. Similar profiles of Cp were found and kinetic parameters were equivalent in both sexes. We also found a good tolerance to the drug in all subjects. In this assay, we conclude that the results do not suggest kinetic diferences by sex after ALZ ; however, other assays like this help to describe whether kinetics differences really can be gender related.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[alprazolam]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[farmacocinética]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diferencias por sexo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sujeto sano]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Alprazolam]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sex-kinetic behavior]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[healthy subjects]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  <FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT>     <CENTER><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">Alprazolam: an&aacute;lisis de posibles diferencias farmacocin&eacute;ticas debidas al sexo</FONT></B></CENTER>       <P><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT>     <CENTER><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>Desir&eacute;e S&aacute;enz-Campos&nbsp;<A NAME="*a"></A><SUP><A HREF="#*">*</A></SUP>, Pilar Parra B.<SUP><A HREF="#**">**</A></SUP>, Manel J. Barbanoj R.<SUP><A HREF="#***">***</A></SUP></FONT></FONT></B></CENTER> <FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT></CENTER>       <P><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>Resumen</FONT></FONT></B>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT></CENTER> <FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>Para evaluar la posible influencia del sexo en el comportamiento farmacocin&eacute;tico de una benzodiacepina, se administr&oacute; una dosis oral de 1 mg de alprazolam (ALZ) a 8 varones y 8 mujeres. Se determinaron las concentraciones plasm&aacute;ticas (Cp) en muestras extra&iacute;das a los siguientes tiempos: 0, 0,5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 24 y 48 horas.</FONT></FONT>     <BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT>     <BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>La concentraci&oacute;n m&aacute;xima (C<SUB>MAX</SUB>) fue de 11,73&plusmn; 2.55 ng/mL y la mayor&iacute;a de los tiempos para C<SUB>MAX</SUB> (t<SUB>MAX</SUB>) oscilaron entre 1 y 1.5 h. El tiempo de vida media (t<SUB>&frac12;</SUB>) de eliminaci&oacute;n fue de 14,21 &plusmn; 5,72 h y el &aacute;rea bajo la curva 0 a 48 h (ABC<SUB>0-48</SUB>) alcanz&oacute; una magnitud de 135,16&plusmn;62,89 ng/mL&middot; h. Los perfiles de las Cp fueron equivalentes y los diferentes par&aacute;metros evaluados no se diferenciaron en funci&oacute;n del sexo. Todos los sujetos mostraron una buena tolerabilidad al f&aacute;rmaco.</FONT></FONT>     <BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>Con este ensayo se concluye que no hay evidencia de diferenciaci&oacute;n en la farmacocin&eacute;tica del ALZ debida al factor sexo y que la realizaci&oacute;n de este tipo de ensayos contribuye a describir la posible existencia de diferencias cin&eacute;ticas atribuibles al sexo. (Rev. Cost. Cienc. M&eacute;d. 1997; 18 - 3:35-41).</FONT></FONT>      <P><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>Palabras clave</FONT></FONT></B>      <P><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>alprazolam, farmacocin&eacute;tica, diferencias por sexo, sujeto sano.</FONT></FONT>      <P><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT></B>     <BR><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>Abstract</FONT></FONT></B>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT></CENTER> <FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>To evaluate the possible influence of gender in the pharmacokinetic behavior of benzodiazepines, a single oral dose of alprazolam 1 mg was administered to 8 men and 8 women, all healthy subjects. Samples for plasmatic concentrations (Cp) were extracted at the following times: 0, 0,5, 1, 1,5, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 24 y 48 hours.</FONT></FONT>     <BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT>     <BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>The maximum plasma drug concentration (C<SUB>max</SUB>) was 11,73&plusmn;2,55 ng/mL and the time to reach peax concentration (t<SUB>max</SUB>) varied betwen + 1 y +1,5 hs. The elimination half-life (t<SUB>&frac12;</SUB>) was 14,21 &plusmn;5,72 h and the area under the concentration-time curve 0 to 48 hs (AUC<SUB>0-48</SUB>) reached a magnitude of 135,16&plusmn;62,89 ng/mL&middot; h. Similar profiles of Cp were found and kinetic parameters were equivalent in both sexes. We also found a good tolerance to the drug in all subjects.</FONT></FONT>     <BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT>     <BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>In this assay, we conclude that the results do not suggest kinetic diferences by sex after ALZ ; however, other assays like this help to describe whether kinetics differences really can be gender related.</FONT></FONT>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>Key words</FONT></FONT></B>      <P><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>Alprazolam, sex-kinetic behavior, healthy subjects.</FONT></FONT>      <P><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT></B>     <BR><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>Introducci&oacute;n</FONT></FONT></B>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT></CENTER> <FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>Los estudios farmacocin&eacute;ticos se realizan fundamentalmente durante la Fase I de investigaci&oacute;n, en el curso del desarrollo cl&iacute;nico de un f&aacute;rmaco. Primordialmente por seguridad, sobretodo cuando es la primera administraci&oacute;n en humanos, estos ensayos cl&iacute;nicos suelen incluir exclusivamente sujetos de sexo masculino, de modo que los an&aacute;lisis se basan en resultados obtenidos de una peque&ntilde;a muestra que representar&iacute;a solo una fracci&oacute;n de la poblaci&oacute;n. Por su parte, los estudios en Fase de Investigaci&oacute;n siguientes (Fase II y III) incluyen muestras con pacientes de uno y otro sexo, pero el &eacute;nfasis respecto a la eficacia que tienen tales ensayos no suele acompa&ntilde;arse de un an&aacute;lisis cin&eacute;tico de los tratamientos objeto de estudio (<A HREF="#1.">1</A>-<A HREF="#3.">3</A>).</FONT></FONT>      <P><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>En el caso particular de los psicotr&oacute;picos, la informaci&oacute;n disponible tiende a enfatizar el an&aacute;lisis de los aspectos din&aacute;micos debido a las implicaciones que tienen para los pacientes sus efectos farmacol&oacute;gicos sobre el sistema nervioso central (<A HREF="#3.">3</A>,<A HREF="#4.">4</A>). Por tanto, el presente ensayo se llev&oacute; a cabo para describir el perfil cin&eacute;tico tras la administraci&oacute;n de una dosis &uacute;nica de alprazolam (ALZ) y evaluar posibles diferencias cin&eacute;ticas debidas al factor sexo.</FONT></FONT>      <P><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT></B>     <BR><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>Sujetos, procedimientos y m&eacute;todos</FONT></FONT></B>      <P><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>El protocolo y los procedimientos experimentales se ajustaron a las directrices &eacute;ticas internacionales (<A HREF="#5.">5</A>), el primero fue conocido y aprobado por el Comit&eacute; Etico de Investigaci&oacute;n Cl&iacute;nica del Hospital de la Santa Cruz y San Pablo (Barcelona) y por las autoridades sanitarias espa&ntilde;olas. Los sujetos fueron gratificados en t&eacute;rminos econ&oacute;micos por su colaboraci&oacute;n.</FONT></FONT>      <P><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1><B>Sujetos :</B> Ocho varones (V) j&oacute;venes y sanos (edad: 22,25&plusmn;1,48 a&ntilde;os, peso: 78,50&plusmn;10,76 kg y talla: 177,12&plusmn;8,18 cm) y ocho mujeres (M) j&oacute;venes y sanas (edad: 22,37&plusmn;1,41 a&ntilde;os, peso: 56,64&plusmn; 4,83 kg y talla: 162,75 &plusmn; 3,88 cm). Se incluyeron en este ensayo, tras obtener su consentimiento informado y resultados normales a partir de la exploraci&oacute;n f&iacute;sica y neuropsiqui&aacute;trica, as&iacute; como de las evaluaciones bioqu&iacute;micas y hematol&oacute;gicas. En caso de mujeres, se verific&oacute; que todas aplicaran medidas eficaces para la anticoncepci&oacute;n (&uacute;nicamente, sujeto # 09 tomaba gest&aacute;genos orales) y que no estuvieran lactando ni embarazadas. Ning&uacute;n sujeto super&oacute; un 28% de &iacute;ndice de masa corporal (<A HREF="#6.">6</A>). Adicionalmente, se verific&oacute; que ninguno presentaba alguna de las siguientes condiciones : historia previa de alcoholismo o drogodependencia, consumidor importante de bebidas estimulantes (m&aacute;s de 5 porciones diarias de caf&eacute;, t&eacute;, cola, chocolate, etc.), antecedentes de alergia, idiosincracia o hipersensibilidad a f&aacute;rmacos, serolog&iacute;a positiva para la hepatitis B o por virus HIV ; antecedentes o presencia de patolog&iacute;a renal, hep&aacute;tica, gastrointestinal, psiqui&aacute;trica u otras enfermedades cr&oacute;nicas que comprometan el estado general, antecedentes de cirug&iacute;a mayor o enfermedad grave en los 3 meses anteriores al estudio, haber participado en el desarrollo de otro ensayo cl&iacute;nico durante el mes precedente al inicio de este estudio, ingesta de medicamentos psicoactivos u otros f&aacute;rmacos que pueden producir interacci&oacute;n con benzodiazepinas (teofilina y derivados, preparados vitam&iacute;nicos con complejo B, anti-H-1 nootr&oacute;picos y otros estimulantes cerebrales) durante las dos semanas previas, as&iacute; como incapacidad para comunicarse o cooperar con los investigadores. No se acept&oacute; el uso de medicaci&oacute;n concomitante a lo largo del ensayo.</FONT></FONT>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1><B>Condiciones Experimentales :</B> Tras ayuno de 10 horas para s&oacute;lidos y 6 horas para l&iacute;quidos, a cada sujeto se le administr&oacute; una dosis oral de 1 mg de alprazolam (ALZ). A trav&eacute;s de una br&aacute;nula insertada en la vena antecubital hubo extracci&oacute;n sangu&iacute;nea (8mL) a los siguientes tiempos 0, 0, 5h, 1h, 1,5h, 2h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 7h, 9h, 10h, 12h, 24h y 48h postmedicaci&oacute;n. Las muestras se depositaron y centrifugaron en tubos heparinizados, se separ&oacute; el plasma, se deposit&oacute; en tubos pl&aacute;sticos y se congel&oacute; a -20 &deg;C para su an&aacute;lisis posterior. Todos los participantes recibieron una merienda estandarizada a 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h y 10h, se mantuvieron en reposo relativo y la ingesta de l&iacute;quidos (agua) fue <I>ad libitum </I>a partir de 2h. Se mantuvo una supervisi&oacute;n constante y se procedi&oacute; con el control incruento de las constantes vitales en forma peri&oacute;dica. Puesto que los sujetos volv&iacute;an al Servicio a 24h y 48h, se hicieron pruebas de laboratorio y gabinete tanto al iniciar como al finalizar cada sesi&oacute;n.</FONT></FONT>      <P><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1><B>Cuantificaci&oacute;n de F&aacute;rmacos en Plasma :</B> Al&iacute;cuotas de plasma se descongelaron para proceder con extracci&oacute;n en fase s&oacute;lida. Procesamiento de la muestra : Extracci&oacute;n:&nbsp;&nbsp; para acondicionamiento 3 ml de metanol/dietilamina 166/1, 3 mL de carbonato de potasio 0.01 g/mL en acetonirilo/H2O (9/1) ; plasma 1 mL+ lavado : 3mL de H2O y 300 mL de acetonitrilo ; eluci&oacute;n : 1 mL cloroformo. El eluato de sec&oacute; por vac&iacute;o de N<SUB>2 </SUB>durante 30 min en ba&ntilde;o de +25&deg;C. Condiciones cromatogr&aacute;ficas : Fase m&oacute;vil = soluci&oacute;n de tamp&oacute;n hipofosfato de sodio 1mM/metanol 40/60 pH 7. Velocidad de flujo = 1 mL/min. Bomba Waters-Millipore 501&reg;, columna Spherisorb&reg; C<SUB>18</SUB> 5m 120x4,6 mm, detector Kontron HPLC 332&reg; para absorci&oacute;n UV con sensibilidad = 1,0 con lectura en 221 nm, registrador Data Module Waters&reg; para lectura cromatogr&aacute;fica y cuantificaci&oacute;n del analito.</FONT></FONT>     <BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>Validaci&oacute;n: L&iacute;mite de cuantificaci&oacute;n= 1.25 ng de ALZ /mL de plasma. La linealidad se valor&oacute; con 2,5,5,10,15 y 25ng/ml ; el coeficiente r= 0,9991; la exactitud y precisi&oacute;n se comprob&oacute; con concentraciones crecientes de 5 a 25 ng/ml, una recuperaci&oacute;n creciente de 83,96 a 96,40% y un coeficiente de variaci&oacute;n que oscil&oacute; entre 1,71 y 4,30%.</FONT></FONT>      <P><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1><B>Procesamiento de Datos y An&aacute;lisis :</B> Con las concentraciones plasm&aacute;ticas (Cp) a cada tiempo de lectura se graficaron los perfiles para cada grupo seg&uacute;n el sexo. De cada sujeto se identific&oacute; la concentraci&oacute;n m&aacute;xima C<SUB>max</SUB> y el tiempo de la C <SUB>max</SUB> (T <SUB>max </SUB>), y se calcul&oacute; el tiempo de vida media de eliminaci&oacute;n (T<SUB>1/2</SUB> ) y el &aacute;rea Bajo la Curva de 0-48 h (ABC <SUB>0-48</SUB> ) aplicando el programa PK-calc (<A HREF="#7.">7</A>). Los datos se agruparon por sexo, se compar&oacute; la Cp a cada tiempo de lectura y los par&aacute;metros cin&eacute;ticos aplicando test del t (prueba de Mann-Whitney para T<SUB>max</SUB>) ; y cualquier valor p&lt;0,05 se consider&oacute; como significativo estad&iacute;sticamente.</FONT></FONT>      <P><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT></B>     <BR><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>Resultados</FONT></FONT></B>      <P><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>El f&aacute;rmaco se detect&oacute; inmediatamente en plasma, excepto por 1 sujeto que se pudo cuantificar hasta 1h. Como se muestra en el perfil (<A HREF="#Figura1">Figura 1</A>), la concentraci&oacute;n media m&aacute;s elevada se obtuvo a 1,5h y fue de 10,57&plusmn;2,32 ng/nL (V =10,57&plusmn;2,62 ng/mL ; M= 10,73&plusmn; 2,14 ng/mL). A 24h se detect&oacute; el f&aacute;rmaco en 13 sujetos (81% ; V=7, M=6), y a +48h a&uacute;n persist&iacute;an en n= 5 de los sujetos (31% ; V=,3, M= 2).</FONT></FONT>      <P><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>Los valores individuales se describen en la <A HREF="#Tabla1">Tabla 1</A>. La C<SUB>max</SUB> global fue de 11,73&plusmn;2,55 ng/mL, que se alcanz&oacute; a un T<SUB>max</SUB> entre 1h y 1,5h en el 68% de los sujetos (n= 11 ; V=5, M=6). .El descenso progresivo de los niveles sangu&iacute;neos se correspondi&oacute; con un t<SUB>1/2</SUB> global de 14,21&plusmn;5,72 h. El ABC<SUB>0-48</SUB> tuvo una magnitud global de 135,16&plusmn;62,89 ng/mL&middot; h.</FONT></FONT>      <P><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>No hubo diferencias estad&iacute;sticamente significativas atribuibles al factor sexo en el perfil cin&eacute;tico global ni en las Cp a los diferentes tiempos. Tampoco fueron estad&iacute;sticamente significativas las diferencias en los descriptores cin&eacute;ticos al agruparlos por sexo.</FONT></FONT>      <P><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>Hubo una buena tolerabilidad sist&eacute;mica al ALZ ; no se registraron cambios relevantes a nivel cardiovascular y hematol&oacute;gico, ni en las pruebas bioqu&iacute;micas de control.</FONT></FONT>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT></B>     <BR><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>Discusi&oacute;n</FONT></FONT></B>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT></CENTER> <FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>Para describir el perfil cin&eacute;tico y valorar si exist&iacute;a diferencia en funci&oacute;n de la variable sexo de los sujetos, se administr&oacute; una dosis oral &uacute;nica de 1 mg de ALZ a 8 varones y 8 mujeres sanos.. La determinaci&oacute;n de la Cp de ALZ se ajust&oacute; a los criterios de validaci&oacute;n est&aacute;ndares para HPLC (<A HREF="#8.">8</A>-<A HREF="#10.">10</A>) ; y la ausencia de ALZ se confirm&oacute; en todas las muestras obtenidas al tiempo basal. La pronta aparici&oacute;n del ansiol&iacute;tico en plasma concuerda con la muy documentada r&aacute;pida absorci&oacute;n del ALZ, la cual alcanza pr&aacute;cticamente el 100% entre 1 y 2 h tras la ingesta, con una biodisponibilidad variable entre 80 y 100% (<A HREF="#11.">11</A>-<A HREF="#17.">17</A>). La dosis oral de 1 mg llev&oacute; a alcanzar una C<SUB>max</SUB> global de 11,7 ng/mL a + 1,5h en el 68% de los casos ; valor que se sit&uacute;a en el extremo inferior de las C<SUB>max</SUB> reportadas (12 - 22 ng/mL) tras la administraci&oacute;n de la misma dosis (<A HREF="#11.">11</A>,<A HREF="#12.">12</A>,<A HREF="#14.">14</A>,<A HREF="#16.">16</A>). Adem&aacute;s, ALZ es una benzodiacepina descrita cono de acci&oacute;n intermedia (menor de 24h) debido a que su t<SUB>1/2</SUB> ronda las 12 h con un &aacute;mbito de 6 a 20 h (<A HREF="#17.">17</A>-<A HREF="#20.">20</A>), intervalo que comprende el t <SUB>!/2</SUB> de 14,2 h estimado con este estudio.</FONT></FONT>     <BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT>     <BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>Al analizar los resultados obtenidos en el grupo de varones frente a los de las mujeres, los perfiles de las Cp resultaron equivalentes y los diferentes par&aacute;metros evaluados no se diferenciaron estad&iacute;sticamente en funci&oacute;n del sexo. Esta ausencia de disparidad en el comportamiento cin&eacute;tico del ALZ concuerda con un reporte previo (<A HREF="#21.">21</A>), de modo que no parece ser atribuible al azar.</FONT></FONT>     <BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT>     <BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>En conclusi&oacute;n, los resultados obtenidos con este ensayo se&ntilde;alan que no hay evidencia de diferenciaci&oacute;n en la farmacocin&eacute;tica del ALZ que sea atribuible al factor sexo. Es importante recalcar que la realizaci&oacute;n de este tipo de ensayos contribuye a establecer si realmente existen disparidades en el comportamiento cin&eacute;tico debido al g&eacute;nero ; y esto es relevante por cuanto, en la misma medida que tales diferencias faltan, se facilita el manejo terap&eacute;utico y la dosificaci&oacute;n de los agentes farmacol&oacute;gicos.</FONT></FONT>      <P><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT></B>     <BR><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>Agradecimientos</FONT></FONT></B>      <P><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>Por su colaboraci&oacute;n durante la etapa experimental, a la Dra. MC Bayes Gen&iacute;s y al personal del &aacute;rea de Investigaci&oacute;n Farmacol&oacute;gica, Instituto de Investigaci&oacute;n- HSCSP, Barcelona.</FONT></FONT>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT></B>     <BR><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>Referencias</FONT></FONT></B>     <!-- ref --><CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT></CENTER> <A NAME="1."></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>1.&nbsp; Levey BA. :Bridging the gender gap in research. <I>Clin Pharmacol Ther </I>1991;50:641 - 646.</FONT></FONT>    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=790902&pid=S0253-2948199700030000400001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P><A NAME="2."></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>2.&nbsp; Rosser SV, : Gender bias in clinical research and the diference it makes. <I>Appl Clin Trials </I>1993 ;2 : 44-50.</FONT></FONT>    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=790903&pid=S0253-2948199700030000400002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P><A NAME="3."></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>3.&nbsp; Yonkers KA, Harrison W. : The inclusion of women in psychopharmacologic trials. <I>J Clin</I> <I>Psychopharmacol </I>1993; 13 :380-382.</FONT></FONT>    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=790904&pid=S0253-2948199700030000400003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P><A NAME="4."></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>4.&nbsp; Yonkers KA, Kando J, Cole JO, Blumenthal S. : Gender differences in human pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of psychotropic medication. <I>Am J Psychiatry </I>1992 ; 149: 587-595.</FONT></FONT>    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=790905&pid=S0253-2948199700030000400004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P><A NAME="5."></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>5.&nbsp; Gallant D, Krinsky SL. : Ethical and legal considerations in drug trials. En : Prien RF, Robinson DS (Eds.):<I>Clinical evaluation of psychotropic drugs : </I>principles and guidelines. New York : Raven Press, 1994: 261 - 280.</FONT></FONT>    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=790906&pid=S0253-2948199700030000400005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P><A NAME="6."></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>6.&nbsp; Lentner C. (Ed.) : Body mass and height of adults. En : Geigy Scientific Tables, Somatometric data, vol 3. Basle : International Medical and Pharmaceutical Information Ciba-Geigy Limited, 1984: 324 - 329.</FONT></FONT>    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=790907&pid=S0253-2948199700030000400006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P><A NAME="7."></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>7.&nbsp; Shumaker RC. : PKcalc a basic interactive computer program for statistical and pharmacokinetics analysis of data. <I>Drug Metab Rev </I>1986 ; 17 : 331-348.</FONT></FONT>    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=790908&pid=S0253-2948199700030000400007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P><A NAME="8."></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>8.&nbsp; Garfield FM. : <I>Quality assurance principles for analytical laboratories.</I> Virginia : AOAC Press,1984.</FONT></FONT>    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=790909&pid=S0253-2948199700030000400008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P><A NAME="9."></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>9.&nbsp; Directiva 88/320/CEE del Consejo de la Comunidad Econ&oacute;mica Europea (CCEE) del 7 de junio de 1988 relativa a la Inspecci&oacute;n y verificaci&oacute;n de las buenas pr&aacute;cticas de laboratorio (BPL) : 13 pp.</FONT></FONT>    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=790910&pid=S0253-2948199700030000400009&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P><A NAME="10."></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>10. Maldener G. : Requeriments and test for HPLC apparatus and methods in pharmaceutical quality control. Chromatographia 1989 ; 28: 85-88.</FONT></FONT>    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=790911&pid=S0253-2948199700030000400010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P><A NAME="11."></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>11. Greenblatt DJ, Divoll M, Abernethy DR, Ochs HR, Shader RI : Clinical pharmacokinetics of the newer</FONT></FONT> <FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>benzodiazepines.<I> Clin Pharmacokinet</I> 1983; 8: 233 - 252.</FONT></FONT>    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=790912&pid=S0253-2948199700030000400011&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P><A NAME="12."></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>12. Abernethy DR, Greenblatt DJ, Divoll M, Smith RB, Shader RI.: The influence of obesity on the</FONT></FONT> <FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>pharmacokinetics of oral alprazolam and triazolam. <I>Clin Pharmacokinet</I> 1984: 9: 177 -183.</FONT></FONT>    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=790913&pid=S0253-2948199700030000400012&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><P><A NAME="13."></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>13. Bourin M , : Pharmacocin&eacute;tique des benzodiaz&eacute;pines. En : Les benzodiac&eacute;pines, de la</FONT></FONT> <FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>pharmacocin&eacute;tique &aacute; la dependance. 2&eacute;me &eacute;dition. Par&iacute;s : Elipses, 1989 : 31 - 98.</FONT></FONT>      <!-- ref --><P><A NAME="14."></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>14. Ciarulo DA, Antal EJ, Smith RB, Olson DR, Goldberg DA, Rand EH, Raskin RB, Philips JP, Shader RI,</FONT></FONT> <FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>Greenblatt DJ,.: The realtionship of alprazolam dose to steady-state plasma concentrations. <I>J Clin</I></FONT></FONT> <FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1><I>Psychopharmacol</I> 1990 ; 10 :27 - 32.</FONT></FONT>    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=790915&pid=S0253-2948199700030000400014&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P><A NAME="15."></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>15. EllerMG, Della-Coletta AA.: Absence of effect of food on alprazolam absortion from sustained release</FONT></FONT> <FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>tablets. <I>Biopharmaceut Drug Disp </I>1990 ;11 :31 - 37.</FONT></FONT>    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=790916&pid=S0253-2948199700030000400015&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P><A NAME="16."></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>16. Norman TR, Burrows GD, Mcintyre MI. : Pharmacokinetic and pharmcodynamic effects of a single</FONT></FONT> <FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>nocturnal dose of alprazolam. <I>Int Clin Psychopharmacol</I> 1990 ; 5 :111 - 117.</FONT></FONT>    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=790917&pid=S0253-2948199700030000400016&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P><A NAME="17."></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>17. Greenblatt DJ, Wright CE. : Clinical pharmacokinetics of alprazolam. Therapeutics implications. <I>Clin</I></FONT></FONT> <FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1><I>Pharmacokinet </I>1993 ;24 :453 - 471.</FONT></FONT>    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=790918&pid=S0253-2948199700030000400017&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P><A NAME="18."></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>18. Lader M. : Clincial Pharmacology of benzodiazepines. <I>Ann Rev Medicine</I> 1987 ; 38 :19 - 28.</FONT></FONT>    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=790919&pid=S0253-2948199700030000400018&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P><A NAME="19."></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>19. Shader RI, Greenblatt DJ. : Use of benzodiazepines in anxiety disorders. <I>N Eng J Med</I> 1993 ;328:</FONT></FONT> <FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>1398 - 1405.</FONT></FONT>    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=790920&pid=S0253-2948199700030000400019&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P><A NAME="20."></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>20. Fl&oacute;rez J, Hurl&eacute; MA. : F&aacute;rmacos ansiol&iacute;ticos y sedantes. En : Fl&oacute;rez J, Armijo JA, Mediavilla A (Eds.) :</FONT></FONT> <FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>Farmacolog&iacute;a Humana 2<SUP>TM </SUP>edici&oacute;n. Barcelona : Masson-Salvat Medicina,1991: 383 - 397.</FONT></FONT>    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=790921&pid=S0253-2948199700030000400020&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P><A NAME="21."></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>21. Kirkwood C, Moore A, Hayes P, DeVane L, Pelonero A. : Influence of menstrual cycle and gender on</FONT></FONT> <FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>alprazolam pharmacokinetics.<I> Clin Pharmacol Ther</I> 1991 ; 50 : 404 - 409.</FONT></FONT>    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=790922&pid=S0253-2948199700030000400021&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT>      <P><A NAME="*"></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1><A HREF="#*a">*</A>&nbsp; Depto. Farmacolog&iacute;a y Toxicolog&iacute;a Cl&iacute;nica, Escuela de Medicina, U.C.R; Depto. Farmacoterapia, CCSS. M&eacute;dico becaria de la</FONT></FONT>     <BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>Agencia Espa&ntilde;ola de Cooperaci&oacute;n Internacional en el &Auml;rea de Investigaci&oacute;n Farmacol&oacute;gica, Servicio de Farmacolog&iacute;a Cl&iacute;nica.</FONT></FONT> <FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>Hospital de la Santa Cruz y San Pable (HSCSP), Barcelona.</FONT></FONT>     <BR>&nbsp;     <BR><A NAME="**"></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1><A HREF="#*a">**</A> Lab. De Cromatograf&iacute;a, Area de Investigaci&oacute;n Farmacol&oacute;gica, Instituto de Investigaci&oacute;n- HSCSP), Barcelona.</FONT></FONT>     <BR>&nbsp;     <BR><A NAME="***"></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1><A HREF="#*a">***</A> Area de Investigaci&oacute;n Farmacol&oacute;gica, Instituto de Investigaci&oacute;n-HSCSP, Barcelona.</FONT></FONT>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT>     <BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT>     <CENTER><A NAME="Tabla1"></A><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>TABLA1</FONT></FONT></B></CENTER>      <CENTER><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>PARAMETROS FARMACOCINETICOS OBTENIDOS TRAS LA</FONT></FONT></B></CENTER>      <CENTER><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>ADMINISTRACION DE UNA DOSIS ORAL UNICA DE 1MG DE ALPRAZOLAM</FONT></FONT></B></CENTER>      <CENTER><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>EN VOLUNTARIOS SANOS Y JOVENES DE AMBOS SEXOS<SUP><A HREF="#*t1">*</A></SUP></FONT></FONT></B></CENTER>      <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT></CENTER>      <CENTER><TABLE BORDER CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 COLS=10 WIDTH="93%" > <TR> <TD COLSPAN="5">     <CENTER><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>Sexo Masculino</FONT></FONT></B></CENTER> </TD>  <TD COLSPAN="5">     <CENTER><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>Sexo Femenino</FONT></FONT></B></CENTER> </TD> </TR>  <TR> <TD><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;Vol</FONT></FONT></TD>  <TD>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>C<SUB>max</SUB></FONT></FONT></CENTER>      <CENTER><SUB><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>(ng/mL)</FONT></FONT></SUB></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>T<SUB>max</SUB></FONT></FONT></CENTER>      <CENTER><SUB><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>(min)</FONT></FONT></SUB></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>ABC<SUB>0-48</SUB></FONT></FONT></CENTER>      <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>ng/mL&middot; h</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>t1/2</FONT></FONT></CENTER>      <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>(h)</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>Vol</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>C<SUB>max</SUB></FONT></FONT></CENTER>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<CENTER><SUB><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>(ng/mL</FONT></FONT></SUB></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>T<SUB>max</SUB></FONT></FONT></CENTER>      <CENTER><SUB><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>(min)</FONT></FONT></SUB></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>ABC<SUB>0-48</SUB></FONT></FONT></CENTER>      <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>ng/mL&middot; h</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>t1/2</FONT></FONT></CENTER>      <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>(h)</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD> </TR>  <TR> <TD><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;01</FONT></FONT></TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>12,95</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>30</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>141,86</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>13,14</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>03</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>8,55</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>120</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>109,55</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>18,39</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD> </TR>  <TR> <TD><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;02</FONT></FONT></TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>9,76</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>90</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>110,13</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>14,55</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>04</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>13,20</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>60</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>70,73</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>5,59</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD> </TR>  <TR> <TD><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;07</FONT></FONT></TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>13,51</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>60</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>57,54</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>8,00</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>05</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>13,52</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>60</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>145,37</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>9,96</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD> </TR>  <TR> <TD><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;08</FONT></FONT></TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>11,94</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>90</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>192,23</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>19,47</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>06</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>13,81</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>90</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>63,17</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>6,25</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD> </TR>  <TR> <TD><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;10&nbsp;</FONT></FONT></TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>6,55</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>120</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>67,22</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>14,17</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>09</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>9,24</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>60</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>186,70</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>16,31</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD> </TR>  <TR> <TD><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;11</FONT></FONT></TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>12,68</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>60</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>124,05</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>11,54</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>12</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>15,33</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>60</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>253,73</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>30,52</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD> </TR>  <TR> <TD><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;13</FONT></FONT></TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>15,05</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>90</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>243,42</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>17,13</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>14</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>10,74</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>60</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>127,01</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>12,53</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD> </TR>  <TR> <TD><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;16</FONT></FONT></TD>  <TD>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>12,18</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>30</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>207,37</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>14,42</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>15</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>9,55</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>120</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>125,64</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>15,38</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD> </TR>  <TR> <TD><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;0</FONT></FONT></TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>11,73<A HREF="#*t1">*</A></FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>168,36<A HREF="#*t1">*</A></FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>14,05<A HREF="#*t1">*</A></FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>11,74</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>135,24</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>14,37</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD> </TR>  <TR> <TD><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;DE</FONT></FONT></TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>2,57</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>28,09</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>3,44</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>2,53</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>62,07</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD>  <TD>     <CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>8,00</FONT></FONT></CENTER> </TD> </TR> </TABLE></CENTER> <FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;<A NAME="*t1"></A>*&nbsp; Sin diferencias estad&iacute;sticamente significativas entre grupos debido al sexo.</FONT></FONT>     <BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0 = promedio, DE = desviaci&oacute;n est&aacute;ndar.</FONT></FONT>     <BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT>     <BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE=-1>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<CENTER><A NAME="Figura1"></A><IMG SRC="/img/fbpe/rccm/v18n3/0041i01.GIF" HEIGHT=622 WIDTH=545></CENTER>      
 ]]></body><back>
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