<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442025000300001</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v73is2.64530</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Diversity of moths and butterflies of the southwestern region of Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Diversidad de polillas y mariposas en la región suroeste de Costa Rica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chacón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isidro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Quirós]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana-Catalina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrantes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gilbert]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Area de Conservación Guanacaste Guanacaste Dry Forest Conservation Fund BioAlfa]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Escuela de Biología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ San José]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Centro de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ San José]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>73</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442025000300001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442025000300001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442025000300001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  The Costa Rican southwestern region is considered one of the neotropical biodiversity hotspots. This geographically isolated forest embraces a rich diversity of moths and butterflies, which is still unknown for the most part.  Objectives:  (a) Describe and compare the diversity of moths and butterflies among different localities of the southwestern Costa Rican region, and (b) identify information gaps in this group of insects.  Methods:  Data for this study were collected in 12 different localities by parataxonomists and taxonomists for the national inventory of biodiversity led by INBio (National Biodiversity Institute) using different trap types, but relying mainly on light traps. We compared alpha and beta diversity of moths and butterflies among the six localities (Cortés, Piedras Blancas, Rancho Quemado, Agujas, Los Patos, Sirena) with more extensive sampling.  Results:  The dataset consisted of 78 747 specimens, of which 2 096 were identified only to the order level. The remaining 76 650 specimens were classified to the family level (n = 48 families), genus, species, or morphospecies. Species and morphospecies were distributed across 37 families. The alpha and beta diversity varied across localities for the 12 families of moths and butterflies that were present in the six localities selected. In general, Piedras Blancas, Rancho Quemado, and Sirena stand out as the most diverse localities. The richness of species varied among different families. For most families Agujas, Los Patos, and Sirena contained more species, but some other families showed a different pattern.  Conclusion:  Differences in the diversity of moths and butterflies over a northern-southern gradient likely correspond to species (individuals within species) adapted to different biotic (e.g., availability of host plants and food resources) and abiotic (e.g., microclimatic conditions associated to the complex topography of the region) conditions. Despite the large effort made by INBio in knowing and mapping the biodiversity of Costa Rica, and the economic and biological importance of the biodiversity, there are still a huge number of species to be known, named, and properly used.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción:  La región suroeste de Costa Rica es considerada una de las áreas más diversas en el neotrópico. Este bosque, geográficamente aislado, alberga una rica diversidad de polillas y mariposas, aunque en gran parte aún desconocida.  Objetivo:  (a) Describir y comparar la diversidad de polillas y mariposas entre diferentes localidades de la región suroeste de Costa Rica, e (b) identificar vacíos de información en este grupo de insectos.  Métodos:  Los datos para este estudio fueron recolectados en 12 localidades diferentes por parataxónomos y taxónomos para el inventario nacional de biodiversidad dirigido por el INBio (Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad), utilizando diferentes tipos de trampas. Se comparó la diversidad alfa y beta de polillas y mariposas entre las seis localidades (Cortés, Piedras Blancas, Rancho Quemado, Agujas, Los Patos, Sirena) con un muestreo más extenso.  Resultados:  El conjunto de datos consistió en 78 747 especímenes de los cuales 2 096 se identificaron solo a nivel de orden. Los otros 76 650 especímenes se asignaron a familia (n = 48 familias), género, especie o morfoespecie. Especies y morfoespecies fueron asignados a 37 familias diferentes. La diversidad alfa y beta varió entre localidades para las 12 familias de polillas y mariposas presentes en las seis localidades seleccionadas. En general, Piedras Blancas, Rancho Quemado y Sirena destacaron como las localidades más diversas. La riqueza de especies varió entre diferentes familias. Para la mayoría de las familias, Agujas, Los Patos y Sirena tuvieron más especies; algunas otras familias mostraron un patrón diferente.  Conclusión:  Las diferencias en la diversidad de polillas y mariposas a lo largo de un gradiente norte-sur probablemente responden a especies (individuos dentro de las especies) adaptadas a diferentes condiciones bióticas (ej.: disponibilidad de plantas huésped y recursos alimentarios) y abióticas (ej.: condiciones microclimáticas asociadas a la compleja topografía de la región). A pesar del gran esfuerzo realizado por el INBio para conocer y mapear la biodiversidad de Costa Rica, y la importancia económica y biológica de la biodiversidad, aún hay un gran número de especies por conocer, nombrar y utilizar adecuadamente.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[alpha diversity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[beta diversity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[moth and butterfly distribution]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[dissimilitude.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diversidad alfa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diversidad beta]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[distribución de polillas y mariposas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[disimilitud.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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