<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442023000100035</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71i1.51599</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Dispersion of seeds at night and day in sub-Andean forests, Cueva Los Guacharos Park, Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Dispersión de semillas nocturna y diurna en un bosque sub-Andino, Parque Cueva Los Guacharos, Colombia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bautista-Plazas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sebastián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stevenson-Diaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de los Andes Laboratorio Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Bogotá]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>71</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442023000100035&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442023000100035&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442023000100035&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  Much has been argued about the importance of the role that different types of frugivores play as seed dispersers in plant communities, but few studies have been actually carried out.  Objective:  We evaluated and compared diurnal and nocturnal seed dispersal in primary and secondary sub-Andean forests in Southern Colombia.  Methods:  We estimated number and biomass (kg/ha) of seeds dispersed over one year (2017) using 60 fruit traps that were checked before sunrise and before sunset for 10 continuous days every two months.  Results:  We found that from 1 874 dispersed seeds, 55.8 % (10.9 kg/ha) were collected during the day and 44.2 % (6.39 kg/ha) at night. There were no significant differences between diurnal and nocturnal seed dispersal in number of seeds or biomass. We also found no difference in seed dispersal between primary and secondary forest over time. Within diurnal organisms, primates and fruit-eating birds appear to be primarily responsible for this ecosystem service during the day; while bats, birds (e.g. oilbirds), and probably primates did so during the night.  Conclusions:  Diurnal and nocturnal dispersal seem to be equal in terms of number and weight of seeds, but not in the similarity of dispersed plant species. It remains a challenge to recognize the relative importance of different fruit-eating organisms as seed dispersers using fruit trap methods.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción:  Mucho se ha discutido sobre la importancia del papel que juegan diferentes tipos de frugívoros como dispersores de semillas en las comunidades vegetales, pero en realidad se han realizado pocos estudios. Objetivo: Evaluamos y comparamos la dispersión diurna y nocturna de semillas en bosques subandinos primarios y secundarios en el sur de Colombia.  Métodos:  Estimamos el número y la biomasa (kg/ha) de semillas dispersadas durante un año (2017) utilizando 60 trampas de frutos que se revisaron antes del amanecer y antes del atardecer durante 10 días continuos cada dos meses.  Resultados:  Se encontró que, de 1 874 semillas dispersas, el 55.8 % (10.9 kg/ha) se recolectaron durante el día y el 44.2 % (6.39 kg/ha) durante la noche. No hubo diferencias significativas entre la dispersión de semillas diurna y nocturna en número de semillas o biomasa. Tampoco encontramos diferencias entre la dispersión de semillas en el bosque primario y el bosque secundario a lo largo del tiempo. Dentro de los organismos diurnos, los primates y las aves frugívoras parecen ser los principales responsables de este servicio ecosistémico durante el día; mientras que los murciélagos, las aves (por ejemplo, los guácharos) y probablemente los primates lo hicieron durante la noche.  Conclusiones:  La dispersión diurna y nocturna parecen ser iguales en número y peso de semillas, pero no en la similitud de especies de plantas dispersadas. Sigue siendo un desafío reconocer la importancia relativa de los diferentes organismos frugívoros como dispersores de semillas utilizando métodos de trampa de frutos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[seed dispersal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hanging seed traps]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[day and night frugivores]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[phenology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Andean forest.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[dispersión de semillas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[trampas colgantes de semillas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[frugívoros diurnos y nocturnos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fenología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bosque andino.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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