<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442022000200002</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rev.biol.trop.2022.52282</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Compensación Ambiental en Costa Rica: Legislación y alcances]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Environmental Compensation in Costa Rica: Legislation and scope]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fabián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monrós]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan-S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sasa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mahmood]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Instituto Clodomiro Picado ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ San José]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Valencia Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Valencia]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Centro de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical Museo de Zoología]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ San José]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Organización para Estudios Tropicales  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ San José]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>70</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442022000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442022000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442022000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción:  La compensación ambiental es un instrumento técnico-jurídico de gestión ambiental utilizado para compensar el daño ambiental debido a los impactos irreversibles e inevitables de proyectos de desarrollo. Por lo general, las regulaciones de compensación se incluyen en la legislación ambiental nacional. Este artículo resume la legislación de compensación ambiental en Costa Rica, un país con una reconocida tradición de conservación y conciencia ambiental. Nuestro objetivo es describir cómo se formula la compensación en ese país e identificar posibles vacíos regulatorios.  Métodos:  Realizamos una revisión sistemática de la legislación ambiental a través del Sistema Costarricense de Información Jurídica (http://www.pgrweb.go.cr/scij/avanzada_pgr.aspx), considerando tanto normativa como pronunciamientos sobre medidas de compensación y mitigación.  Resultados:  La Constitución Política de Costa Rica reconoce el medio ambiente sano como un derecho fundamental de todos los ciudadanos. Actualmente se encuentran en vigencia al menos siete leyes que tratan de temas ambientales y sus respectivos reglamentos. Esta voluminosa legislación tiene como objetivo proteger los recursos naturales regulando su uso y creando un conjunto de áreas silvestres protegidas. Sin embargo, la legislación es algo repetitiva y abierta a interpretación, lo que facilita la confusión. Las acciones que requieren compensación están reguladas de manera general, lo que dificulta establecer cuándo y cómo aplicarlas. Además, la compensación se considera en función de cuándo se identifica el daño y no debido a su nivel de impacto ambiental. Asimismo, la normativa no hace explícitos los principios y objetivos que sustentan las medidas compensatorias ni cómo deben llevarse a cabo, mencionando brevemente algunas acciones que no aseguran que la pérdida ambiental neta sea cero.  Conclusiones:  Esta revisión revela la necesidad de estandarizar los mecanismos para determinar las medidas compensatorias a nivel regulatorio, analizando además las estrategias que se seguirán para asegurar la proporcionalidad y la equivalencia ecológica. La legislación debe enfatizar la importancia de la compensación como práctica positiva, la cual debe ser incorporada dentro de los lineamientos del Estudio de Impacto Ambiental.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  Environmental compensation is a technical-legal instrument of environmental management used to offset damage due to non-reversible and unavoidable impacts. Usually, offset regulations are included in national environmental legislations. This paper summarizes environmental compensation legislation in Costa Rica, a country with a recognized conservation tradition and environmental awareness. Our goal is to describe how compensation is formulated in that country and identify possible regulations gaps.  Methods:  We carried out a systematic review of environmental legislation through the Costa Rican Legal Information System (http://www.pgrweb.go.cr/scij/avanzada_pgr.aspx), considering both regulations and pronouncements on compensation measures and mitigation.  Results:  The Political Constitution of Costa Rica recognizes a healthy environment as a fundamental right for all citizens. At least seven laws dealing with environmental issues and their respective regulations are currently enforced. This bulky legislation aims to protect natural resources by regulating their use and creating an assemblage of protected wild areas. However, the legislation is somewhat repetitive and open to interpretation, facilitating confusion. Actions requiring compensation are regulated in a general way, making it difficult to establish when and how to apply them. In addition, compensation is considered based on when the damage is identified and not on its level of environmental impact. Furthermore, the regulations do not make explicit the principles and goals that support the compensatory measures or how they should be carried out, briefly mentioning some actions that do not ensure that the net environmental loss is zero.  Conclusions:  This review reveals the need to standardize the mechanisms to determine compensatory measures at the regulatory level, also analyzing the strategies that will be followed to ensure proportionality and ecological equivalence. The legislation must emphasize the importance of compensation as a positive practice, which must be incorporated within the guidelines of the Environmental Impact Study.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[biodiversity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[compensation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[environment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mitigation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[protected areas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[SETENA.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ambiente]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[áreas protegidas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[biodiversidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[compensación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mitigación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[SETENA]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villarroya-Ballarín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Compensación ecológica en la evaluación de impacto ambiental en España: Situación y propuestas de acción]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Navarra, Repositorio académico de la Universidad de Navarra]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
