<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442022000100742</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v70i1.50653</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Revegetación natural de áreas afectadas por minería de oro en la selva pluvial tropical del Chocó, Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Natural revegetation of areas impacted by gold mining in the tropical rain forest of Chocó, Colombia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valois-Cuesta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hamleth]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carolina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quinto-Mosquera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Harley]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó Facultad de Ciencias Naturales Programa de Biología]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Quibdó]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Valladolid Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierías Agrarias de Palencia Área de Ecología e iuFOR]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Palencia]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>70</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>742</fpage>
<lpage>767</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442022000100742&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442022000100742&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442022000100742&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción:  La minería de oro a cielo abierto ocasiona impactos drásticos sobre los bosques naturales en regiones tropicales de alta biodiversidad, y la eficiencia de &#8220;revegetación&#8221;, un proceso de resembrar y reconstruir el suelo, continúa siendo poco estudiado.  Objetivo:  Evaluar el efecto del tiempo sucesional y la distancia al bosque de referencia sobre la estructura biológica y composición de especies en minas de oro revegetadas.  Métodos:  Realizamos inventarios de vegetación en minas abandonadas en el bosque tropical lluvioso de Chocó, Colombia. Las minas contaban con 6, 10, 15, 19 y 24 años de sucesión natural. En cada escenario, establecimos cuatro parcelas de 2×50 m: a 50 m y 100 m de distancia desde el borde bosque-mina (ecotono).  Resultados:  Se identificaron 300 especies (193 géneros y 75 familias). La riqueza, diversidad y equitatividad cambian poco con el tiempo sucesional en las minas, pero alcanzan valores superiores en el bosque de referencia. La composición de especies es similar entre las minas con distinto tiempo sucesional, pero difiere ampliamente del bosque de referencia (solo 7 % de semejanza). La calidad del sustrato y las estrategias reproductivas de plantas herbáceas (principalmente Cyperaceae y Melastomataceae) y arbóreas (Cespedesia spathulata y Miconia reducens) que crecen espontáneamente en las minas, juegan un papel importante en la revegetación natural temprana.  Conclusiones:  24 años de sucesión natural es poco tiempo para apreciar una recuperación sustancial de la vegetación en las minas si se compara con el bosque, y la distancia desde el ecotono parece no tener efecto significativo; sin embargo, la calidad de sustrato y estrategias reproductivas de plantas herbáceas son importantes en la etapa temprana de recuperación de las áreas impactadas por la minería de oro en Chocó.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  Open pit gold mining causes drastic impacts on natural forests in tropical regions of high biodiversity, and the efficacy of &#8220;revegetation&#8221;, a process of replanting and rebuilding the soil, is still poorly studied.  Objective:  To evaluate the effect of successional time, and distance to the reference forest, on the biological structure and species composition of revegetated gold mines.  Methods:  We inventoried the adjacent forest and abandoned gold mines in the tropical rain forest of Chocó, Colombia. The mines had 6, 10, 15, 19 and 24 years of natural succession. In each scenario, we set four 2 × 50 m plots: two 50 m and two 100 m from the forest-mine edge (ecotone).  Results:  We identified 300 plant species (193 genera, 75 families). The richness, diversity and evenness changed little with successional time in the mines but reached higher values in the forest. The species composition was similar between the mines with different successional times but differed widely from the forest (only 7 % similarity). The substrate quality and reproductive strategies of herbaceous plants (mainly Cyperaceae and Melastomataceae) and trees (Cespedesia spathulata and Miconia reducens) that grow spontaneously in the mines, play an important role on the early natural revegetation.  Conclusions:  The 24 years of natural succession have been insufficient to reach a community of a complexity similar to that of the forest, and distance from the ecotone has no significant effect; however, the substrate quality and reproductive strategies of herbaceous plants are important in the early stages of mine recovery in the Chocó.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ecological restoration]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gold mining]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[vegetal succession]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Colombian Pacific]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[tropical rain forest.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[restauración ecológica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[minería aurífera]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sucesión vegetal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Pacífico Colombiano]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bosque tropical lluvioso.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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