<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442021000600208</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rbt.v69is2.48317</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Bosques de coral negro del Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica: especies y distribución]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Black coral forests in the Guanacaste Conservation Area, Costa Rica: species and distribution]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matamoros-Calderón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wendolyn]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Minor]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Breedy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Odalisca]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4 "/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Af5"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Centro de Investigación en Estructuras Microscópicas (CIEMIC) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ San José]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ San José]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Diving Center Cuajiniquil  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Guanacaste]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Museo de Zoología Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical (CIBET)]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ San José]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de Panamá]]></addr-line>
<country>Panamá</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>69</volume>
<fpage>208</fpage>
<lpage>218</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442021000600208&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442021000600208&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442021000600208&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción:  El conocimiento de los antipatarios en Costa Rica es muy escaso, se ha informado de tres especies en el Pacífico y de la existencia de bosques de coral en la Isla del Coco. En este estudio se informa de la presencia de bosques de coral negro y sus características encontrados en el Área de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG) sector marino.  Objetivo:  Determinar las especies de corales negros presentes en el Sector Marino del ACG y alrededores, y localizar geográficamente los sitios en que se desarrollan los bosques de coral negro.  Métodos:  Se hicieron censos visuales cualitativos mediante buceo, se tomaron muestras y analizaron en el laboratorio para su identificación.  Resultados:  Los bosques de corales negros están compuestos por dos especies: Myriopathes panamensis y Antipathes galapagensis las cuales son descritas e ilustradas. Los bosques de coral se encuentran distribuidos dentro y fuera del Sector Marino del ACG. Myriopathes panamensis se observó entre 15-45 m de profundidad y A. galapagensis entre 30-45 m. Entre las ramas de M. panamensis se observó macrofauna asociada cuyo estatus e importancia ecológica no han sido estudiados.  Conclusiones:  Las especies encontradas no tuvieron variaciones morfológicas con las descritas en otras regiones similares. Se sugiere la importancia de un estudio dirigido a evaluar el rol de la fauna asociada con los corales negros, principalmente de la anémona Nemanthus californicus, el bivalvo Pteria sterna y el pez halcón narigón Oxycirrhithes typus. Se enfatiza la importancia del Área de Conservación Guanacaste como sitio de conservación de la biodiversidad marina.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  Little is known about the antipatharians in Costa Rica, only three species are known from the Pacific and the occurrence of coral forests was previously reported only for Isla del Coco. Black coral forests were observed at several sites in the north Pacific of the country, within the Guanacaste Conservation Area (ACG), which are reported and characterized in this study.  Objective:  To determine the species of black corals present in the ACG Marine Sector and its surroundings, and geographically locate the sites where black coral forests grow.  Methods:  Visual censuses were made by diving, samples were taken and analyzed in the laboratory for identification.  Results:  These black coral forests are composed of two species: Myriopathes panamensis and Antipathes galapagensis, these species are described and illustrated. The coral forests were found within and outside ACG marine protected areas. Myriopathes panamensis was found between 15-35 m depth and A. galapagensis at 30-45 m. Associated macrofauna was observed among the branches of M. panamensis, their ecological importance and status have not been determined.  Conclusions:  The species found did not have morphological variations with those described in other similar regions. Associated fauna was found (mainly the anemone Nemanthus californicus, the bivalve Pteria sterna and the longnose hawkfish Oxycirrhithes typus) and needs to be studied to determine its role on black corals. The importance of the ACG as a marine biodiversity conservation site is emphasized.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Antipatharia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[associated fauna]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[biodiversity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pinnules]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[taxonomy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Antipatharia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fauna asociada]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[biodiversidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pínulas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[taxonomía.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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