<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442021000200557</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rbt.v69i2.45046</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Las cabras como dispersores de semillas: aportes y limitaciones para la regeneración del bosque tropical estacionalmente seco de Ecuador]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Goats as seed dispersers: contributions and limitations for the regeneration of the seasonally dry tropical forest in Ecuador]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos-I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jara-Guerrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrea]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja Maestría en Biología de la Conservación y Ecología Tropical ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>69</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>557</fpage>
<lpage>572</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442021000200557&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442021000200557&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442021000200557&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción:  Los bosques tropicales estacionalmente secos están sujetos a procesos de degradación crónica que ponen en riesgo su diversidad. La ganadería intensiva dentro de los remanentes de bosque se plantea como una de las principales causas de estos procesos de degradación. Sin embargo, el ganado también podría estar cumpliendo el rol de dispersor de semillas para algunas especies.  Objetivo:  Evaluar el rol de las cabras en la dispersión de semillas de especies leñosas y las posibles consecuencias de su comportamiento alimenticio sobre la estructura de la vegetación.  Métodos:  Entre diciembre 2016 y junio 2017 se recolectaron fecas de corrales (N = 38) y parcelas de vegetación (N = 42) de tres localidades de bosque seco en el Suroccidente de Ecuador. Todas las semillas encontradas en las fecas (N = 13 326) se registraron e identificaron taxonómicamente. Para evaluar el efecto de la ingestión de semillas sobre la germinación, se estableció un experimento de siembra de semillas extraídas de fecas procedentes de corrales y semillas recolectadas directamente de la planta.  Resultados:  Las cabras dispersaron 10 especies leñosas, de las cuales al menos el 50 % son leguminosas. Las semillas de Acacia macracantha representaron más del 70 % de semillas presentes en fecas de cabra. El paso de semillas por el tracto digestivo de las cabras mejoró significativamente el porcentaje y velocidad de germinación en Albizia multiflora, Piscidia carthagenensis y Ziziphus thyrsiflora, mientras que en Choroleucon mangense y Prosopis juliflora no se obtuvo germinación. No encontramos una correlación entre la riqueza de árboles establecidos y el número de especies encontradas en las fecas (&#967;2 = -0.23, P = 0.53). La composición de especies de semillas dispersadas en las fecas no mostró una dependencia de la localidad, a pesar de que la composición de la vegetación establecida cambia entre localidades. La abundancia de semillas en las fecas no mostró relación con la abundancia de árboles en la vegetación establecida.  Conclusiones:  Las cabras pueden suplir en cierta medida el rol de otros ungulados localmente extintos, mejorando la germinación de especies de leguminosas con testa dura. Sin embargo, su comportamiento alimenticio y la alta dominancia en la dispersión de ciertas especies puede tener importantes efectos en la estructura de la comunidad.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  Seasonally dry tropical forests are subject to chronic degradation processes, which has reduced the populations of some important animal dispersers. Intensive livestock farming within the forest remnants is considered one of the main causes of these degradation processes. However, domestic ungulates could also be fulfilling the role of seed dispersal for some wild species.  Objective:  To evaluate the role of goats as seed dispersers of woody species and the possible consequences of their feeding behavior on the vegetation structure.  Methods:  Between December 2016 and June 2017, we collected goat feces from pens (N = 38) and vegetation plots (N = 42) from three locations of dry forest in the Southwestern Ecuador. All the seeds found in the feces (N = 13 326) were recorded and taxonomically identified. To evaluate the effect of gut passage on seed germination, we sowed the seeds found in the goat feces from the pens and seeds collected directly from parent plants.  Results:  Goats dispersed seeds from ten species, of which at least 50 % are legumes. Acacia macracantha seeds represented ca. 70 % of seeds present in goat feces. The passage of seeds through the digestive tract of goats significantly improved the percentage and speed of germination in Albizia multiflora, Piscidia carthagenensis and Ziziphus thyrsiflora, while in Choroleucon mangense and Prosopis juliflora no germination was registered. We did not find a correlation between the richness of established trees and the number of species found in the goat feces (&#967;2 = -0.23, P = 0.53). The composition of dispersed seed species in the feces did not show a dependency on the locality, although the composition of the established vegetation changes between localities. The frequency of seeds in the feces did not show a relationship with the tree abundance in the established vegetation.  Conclusions:  Goats can play, at least partially, the role of locally extinct wild ungulates, improving the germination of legume species with hard coat. However, this positive effect can be blurred by their feeding behavior and high preference for particular species, which can modify the dominance of some species, and result in changes in the composition and structure of the vegetation.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[chronic degradation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[seed dispersal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[endozoochory]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[germination]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[domestic ungulates]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[livestock]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[defaunation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bosque seco]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[degradación crónica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[dispersión de semillas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[endozoocoria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[germinación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ungulados domésticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[defaunación]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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