<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442020000600116</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rbt.v68is2.44344</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Macroinvertebrados acuáticos en arroyos asociados con bofedales altoandinos, Ayacucho Perú]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Aquatic macroinvertebrates in streams associated with high Andean wetlands of Ayacucho Peru]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rayme]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carolina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alarcón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosa-del-Pilar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ayala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yuri]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jerry]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aponte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Héctor]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ayacucho]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ayacucho]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ayacucho]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Lima]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Científica del Sur  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Lima]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>68</volume>
<fpage>116</fpage>
<lpage>131</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442020000600116&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442020000600116&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442020000600116&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción:  Los arroyos asociados a bofedales se hallan en ambientes donde las condiciones son extremas con temperaturas muy variables, baja presión atmosférica e intensa radiación solar. Sin embargo, existen ensamblajes de macroinvertebrados asociados a estos ambientes, cuya información es escasa. A escala global y regional, las características de los macroinvertebrados cambian con el aumento de la latitud y altitud (disminución de la riqueza y variación de la composición). A nivel local, también se puede agregar el efecto de las aguas ácidas y de elevada conductividad proveniente de manantiales que se unen a los arroyos, que generan heterogeneidad en la calidad de agua y consecuentemente en las características de los macroinvertebrados.  Objetivo:  Comparar la diversidad, composición y abundancia de macroinvertebrados y las características fisicoquímicas del agua de arroyos asociados a dos bofedales altoandinos, ubicados en el departamento de Ayacucho, Perú.  Metodología:  Se estudiaron once estaciones ubicados en arroyos de dos bofedales: 7 en Guitarrachayocc (G) de 43 ha (n = 28) y 4 en Pichccahuasi (P) de 28 ha (n = 8). Se empleó una red de Surber (0.3 mm de malla, área de muestreo de 1 200 cm2), para realizar muestreos mensuales de octubre de 2016 a abril de 2017. Análisis de componentes principales (PCA) y análisis de varianza multivariante no paramétrico (NP-MANOVA) se aplicaron para comparar las características del agua. Además, se utilizó un análisis de coordenadas principales (PCoA) y NP-MANOVA para comparar el ensamblaje. La prueba no paramétrica de Kruskal-Wallis (&#945; = 0.05) se utilizó para comparar las abundancias absolutas de los taxa principales.  Resultados:  Las características del agua fueron heterogéneas, con pH de 3.2 (± 0.4) a 7.6 (± 0.1), conductividad de 168.9 (± 91) µS/cm a 1 117 (± 159.3) µS/cm; diferencias que fueron significativas (p &lt; 0.05) al comparar las estaciones de muestreo, donde el agua de G6 presenta los mínimos valores de pH y los máximos de conductividad, al igual que cloruros. Se recolectaron un total de 8 126 individuos, distribuidos en 26 taxa de 20 familias, 11 órdenes y cinco clases. Los insectos fueron el grupo más diverso y abundante. A pesar a la cercanía de los arroyos de los bofedales, presentaron diferencias: en G, se registró 25 taxa, con dominancia de Macrelmis sp., Dicrotendipes sp., Claudioperla sp., Meridialaris sp. y en P, 9, con dominancia de Pedrowygomya sp., Hyalella sp. y Dicrotendipes sp. La densidad fue de 475 ind./m2 y de 31 ind./m2 para el bofedal G y P respectivamente, estos valores fueron estadísticamente diferentes (p &lt; 0.05). El PCoA y el PCA confirmados por NP-MANOVA mostraron que G6 es diferente (p &lt; 0.05) dentro de G porque recibe el aporte de agua de un manantial.  Conclusiones:  La riqueza, composición y densidad de los macroinvertebrados son diferentes en los arroyos según el bofedal al cual se halla asociado. La contribución de los manantiales a los arroyos genera cambios drásticos en la calidad del agua y los macroinvertebrados, determinando la formación de ensamblajes con diferente riqueza y estructura.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  Streams associated with high Andean wetlands are found in environments where conditions are extreme, highly variable temperature, low atmospheric pressure, intense solar radiation. The macroinvertebrate assemblages have been poorly studied compared to streams located at lower altitudes. On a global and regional scale, the characteristics of macroinvertebrates change with the increase in latitude and altitude (decreasing in richness and variation in composition). At the local level, the effect of acidic waters with high conductivity from springs that join streams generate heterogeneity in water quality and consequently in the characteristics of macroinvertebrate structure.  Objective:  To compare the diversity, composition and abundance of macroinvertebrates and the physicochemical characteristics of stream water in two high Andean wetlands in Peru.  Methodology:  Eleven stations located in streams of two high Andean wetlands were studied: 7 in Guitarrachayocc (G) of 43 ha (n = 28) and 4 in Pichccahuasi (P) of 28 ha (n = 8). A Surber sampler (0.3 mm mesh, sampling area of 1 200 cm2) was used to carry out monthly samplings from October 2016 to April 2017. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Non-Parametric-Multivariate-Analysis-Of-Variance (NP-MANOVA) were applied to compare water characteristics. The macroinvertebrate assemblages from the two streams were compared by using a Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), NP-MANOVA, and a non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test (&#945; = 0.05).  Results:  The characteristics of the water were heterogeneous, with significant differences in pH which ranged from 3.2 (± 0.4) to 7.6 (± 0.1) and conductivity ranging from 168.9 (± 91.0) µS / cm to 1 117.0 (± 159.3) µS / cm. In particular, G6 presented the lowest pH values and the highest electrical conductivity, as well as chlorides. A total of 8 126 individuals were collected, distributed in 26 taxa from 20 families, 11 orders and five classes. Insects were the most diverse and abundant group. Differences were found between the streams of the highland wetlands, despite their proximity: in G, 25 taxa were registered, with a dominance of Macrelmis sp., Dicrotendipes sp., Claudioperla sp. and Meridialaris sp. and in P, 9, with a dominance of Pedrowygomya sp., Hyalella sp. and Dicrotendipes sp. The density was 475 ind./m2 and 31 ind./m2 for G and P respectively, these values were statistically different (p &lt; 0.05). The PCoA and PCA confirmed by NP-MANOVA showed that G6 was different (p &lt; 0.05) within G because it receives water contribution from a spring.  Conclusions:  The richness, composition and density of macroinvertebrates were different in streams depending on the bofedal with which it is associated. The contribution of the springs to the streams generates drastic changes in the quality of the water and the macroinvertebrates, determining the formation of assemblages with different richness and structure.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Assemblages]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[composition]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[density]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[spring]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[physicochemical characteristics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ensamblajes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[composición]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[densidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[manantial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[características fisicoquímicas]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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