<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442020000600068</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rbt.v68is2.44339</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Colonización de macroinvertebrados acuáticos en tres tipos de sustratos artificiales, en un río tropical]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Aquatic macroinvertebrate colonization on three artificial substrates, in a tropical river]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quesada-Alvarado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solano-Ulate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Darha]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Tóxicas (IRET) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Heredia]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Escuela de Biología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Pedro San José]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>68</volume>
<fpage>68</fpage>
<lpage>78</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442020000600068&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442020000600068&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442020000600068&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción:  Existen diferentes metodologías para la recolecta de macroinvertebrados acuáticos (p.e., la red D y Red Surber), sin embargo, algunas de estas no son efectivas en todos los cuerpos de agua o representa un riesgo para la persona que adquiere la muestra. Los sustratos artificiales pueden emplearse en ríos profundos, contaminados o con presencia de cocodrilos. En Costa Rica hay estudios donde se utilizó los sustratos artificiales, para determinar la riqueza y abundancia en humedales tipo lago y lagunas, no obstante se desconoce la efectividad de un tipo de sustrato sobre otro y en sistemas lóticos. El objetivo del estudio fue demostrar la efectividad de tres tipos de sustratos artificiales.  Métodos:  las muestras se obtuvieron de manera bimensual entre los años 2013 y 2017, en el Río Parismina, Costa Rica, en cuatro sitios a lo largo del río y se evaluó los sustratos piedra, madera y hojas. Se aplicó una prueba de Kruskal-Wallis para determinar las diferencias entre la abundancia y el tipo de sustrato, como también para determinar la diferencia entre la abundancia y el sitio de muestreo. Además, para determinar si existe una diferencia entre los sustratos por sitio, se aplicó una prueba Permanova de dos vías. Un análisis de correspondencia múltiple para determinar el grado de asociación de la comunidad con respecto al tipo de sustrato.  Resultados: Un total de 1159 organismos fueron recolectados, siendo Diptera y Ephemeroptera los órdenes más abundantes. La madera y hojas fueron los sustratos con mayor biodiversidad, como también los sitios con mayor vegetación.  Conclusiones: El uso en conjunto de los tres tipos de sustratos artificiales, es efectivo para obtener una mayor riqueza de organismos, ya que se observó afinidad por un sustrato según el género de macroinvertebrado acuático.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  Different methodologies exist for sampling aquatic macroinvertebrates, however, some of these (e.g., kick-net, Surber) are not well suited for deep, contaminated rivers or rivers with presence of crocodiles, which represent a risk to the person who must take the sample. One alternative is to use artificial substrates. The use of artificial substrates to evaluate the aquatic macroinvertebrate biodiversity in wetlands has been studied previously in Costa Rica, but no research has been conducted to determine which types of substrates are most effective. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of three artificial substrates (i.e., stones, leaves and wood).  Methods:  Samples of the three substrates were taken bi-monthly between 2013 and 2017 in four sites of the Parismina River. A Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to determine differences between the macroinvertebrate abundance among substrate type. Beside to determine if there is a difference between substrates per site, a two-way PERMANOVA test was applied and a multiple correspondence analysis was used to correlate the substrate type with the macroinvertebrate community.  Results:  A total of 1 159 organisms were collected, with Diptera and Ephemeroptera being the most abundant. Wood and leaves were the substrates with greatest biodiversity and abundance of organisms; in addition the two sites with greatest vegetation were the most diverse.  Conclusions:  Most of the organisms were registered on any of the three types of artificial substrates, thus we recommend the joint use of the three types of substrates for biomonitoring or taxa richness studies.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Insecta]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[non-wadeable river]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[colonization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[aquatic insects]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[lowland river]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Insecta]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[colonización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[insectos acuáticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cuenca baja]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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