<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442020000100289</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rbt.v68i1.36169</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Emisiones de dióxido de carbono en estratos de mangle en la Amazonia Oriental Brasileña]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Carbon dioxide emissions in mangrove strata of the Eastern Brazilian Amazonia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castellón Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nelson]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vitorino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Isabel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berrêdo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jardim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mário Augusto Gonçalves]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miranda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Artur Gustavo Oliveira de]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal do Pará  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal do Pará  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal do Pará  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>68</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>289</fpage>
<lpage>299</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442020000100289&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442020000100289&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442020000100289&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción:  Las emisiones de dióxido de carbono de los suelos de manglar tienen un impacto potencial en el balance global de carbono.  Objetivo:  Investigar la estacionalidad de las emisiones de dióxido de carbono relacionadas con diferentes estratos de la vegetación de manglar, así como las variables físico-químicas del suelo y las ambientales.  Métodos:  Se demarcaron nueve parcelas de 20 x 20 m (tres para cada estrato de vegetación). Las emisiones de dióxido de carbono fueron monitoreadas durante 88 días a través de la metodología de respiración basal del suelo.  Resultados:  Los resultados mostraron que las mayores emisiones de dióxido de carbono se presentaron en la temporada lluviosa 2017 con 21.8 (7.3 ± 3.3) mg/100 cm3 y 15.7 (5.2 ± 1.6) mg/100 cm3 en el período menos lluvioso. En análisis de componentes principales con un 56 % de varianza total, demostró que las mayores correlaciones de las emisiones de dióxido de carbono y las variables físico-químicas se dieron en el estrato adulto; la humedad del suelo, pH, materia orgánica, carbono y nitrógeno microbiano fueron las variables más correlacionadas. La prueba Kruskal-Wallis corroboró estos resultados comprobando diferencias significativas entre los estratos de vegetación y las emisiones de CO2 (P= 0.0170), y la prueba de Tukey confirmó mayor importancia estadística del manglar adulto en relación con los otros estratos (P= 0.0140).  Conclusión:  En las tres estaciones analizadas, las mayores emisiones acontecieron en el periodo lluvioso con promedio de 14.5 TCO2 ha/año y el estrato adulto fue el responsable de las mayores emisiones, registrando 21 TCO2 ha/año diferencia que fue estadísticamente significativa con los otros estratos (P = 0.0140).]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  Carbon dioxide emissions from mangrove soils have a potential impact on the global carbon balance. They are related to anthropic actions and natural processes with interspecific interactions involving physical-chemical and environmental variables.  Objective:  In this research, the seasonality of carbon dioxide emissions related to different strata of mangrove vegetation, soil physical-chemical makeup and physical environmental factors were evaluated.  Methods: Nine plots of 20 x 20 m were demarcated (three for each of the three vegetation strata) in the Experimental Site of the Federal Rural University of the Amazon and the Federal University of Pará in Cuiarana, Salinópolis, Pará, Brazil. Duplicate soil samples were taken from each plot during three consecutive seasonal periods and analyzed in the laboratory. Carbon dioxide emissions were monitored for 88 days through the basal breathing of the soil methodology; other variables evaluated were soil moisture and temperature, hydrogenic potential, redox potential,carbon and nitrogen of the microbial biomass, organic matter and composition of sand, silt and clay. Precipitation data was obtained from the CMORPH technique of the Climate Forecast Center - NOAA. Information on tides was obtained from the Brazilian Navy&#8217;s Fundeadouro de Salinópolis.  Results:  The results showed that the highest carbon dioxide emissions occurred in the rainy season 2017 on average 7.5 (14.5 TCO2 ha/year) mg/100 cm3. With 10.5 mg/100 cm3 (21 TCO2 ha/year), the adult stratum was the largest source of emissions. The highest seasonal correlations of the emissions in relation to the incubation intervals occurred in the rainy season, in the adult stratum the days 1,2,3,4,3,3 and 5. Using principal component analysis (PCA) it was found that the highest correlations of carbon dioxide emissions and physical-chemical variables occurred in the adult stratum with 56 % variance. The highest correlations were found with the variables soil moisture, Ph, organic matter, carbon and microbial nitrogen. The Kruskal-Wallis test corroborated these results, indicating significant differences between vegetation strata and CO2 emissions (P= 0.0170); and the Tukey test confirmed greater statistical importance of the adult mangrove in relation to the other strata (P= 0.0140).  Conclusions:  In the three analyzed stations, the highest emissions occurred in the rainy period with an average of 14.5 TCO2 ha/year and the adult stratum was responsible for the highest emissions registering 21 TCO2 ha/year difference that was statistically significant with the other strata (P = 0.0140).]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[carbon flow]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[climate change]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ecosystem]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[microorganisms]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sediments]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cambio climático]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ecosistema]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[flujo de carbono]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[microorganismos sedimentos]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alongi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Carbon sequestration in mangrove forests]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Carbon Management]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>313-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domsch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The metabolic quotient for CO2 (qCO2) as a specific activity parameter to assess the effects of environmental conditions, such as ph, on the microbial biomass of forest soils]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Soil Biology and Biochemistry]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>393-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berrêdo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. L. da]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vilhena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. do P. S. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. T. dos]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mineralogia e geoquímica de sedimentos de manguezais da costa amazônica: o exemplo do estuário do rio Marapanim (Pará)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Brasileira de Geociências]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>24-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bond-Lamberty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A global database of soil respiration data]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biogeosciences]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1915-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Das]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ganguly]]></surname>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tarun Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Microbial activity determining soil CO emission in the Sundarban mangrove forest, India]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Tropical Ecology]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>525-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Souza Costa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bayer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zanatta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mielniczuk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estoque de carbono orgânico no solo e emissões de dióxido de carbono influenciadas por sistemas de manejo no sul do Brasil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Brasileira de Ciencia Do Solo]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>323-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Donato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kauffman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murdiyarso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kurnianto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stidham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kanninen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mangroves among the most carbon-rich forests in the tropics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature Geoscience]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>293-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parkin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Defining an assesing soil quality]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Defining Soil Quality for a Sustainable Environment]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<page-range>3-21</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madison, WI, U.S.A. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Soil Science Society of America and American Society of Agronomy]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fiedler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buczko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jurasinski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glatzel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Soil respiration after tillage under different fertiliser treatments - implications for modelling and balancing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Soil and Tillage Research]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>150</volume>
<page-range>30-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holguin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vazquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bashan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The role of sediment microorganisms in the productivity, conservation, and rehabilitation of mangrove ecosystems: An overview]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biology and Fertility of Soils]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>265-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Houghton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Why are differences in the terrestrial carbon balance so different?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Global Change Biology]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>500-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joyce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janowiak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arkin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[CMORPH: A Method that Produces Global Precipitation Estimates from Passive Microwave and Infrared Data at High Spatial and Temporal Resolution]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Hydrometeorology]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>487-503</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keuskamp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hefting]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dingemans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verhoeven]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. T. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of nutrient enrichment on mangrove leaf litter decomposition]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science of the Total Environment]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>508</volume>
<page-range>402-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bond-Lamberty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turetsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of soil rewetting and thawing on soil gas fluxes: A review of current literature and suggestions for future research]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biogeosciences]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>2459-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lallier-Vergès]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marchand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Disnar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lottier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Origin and diagenesis of lignin and carbohydrates in mangrove sediments of Guadeloupe (French West Indies): Evidence for a two-step evolution of organic deposits]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chemical Geology]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>255</volume>
<page-range>388-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lang&#8217;at]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. K. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kairo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mencuccini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bouillon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Skov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waldron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huxham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rapid losses of surface elevation following tree girdling and cutting in tropical mangroves]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS ONE]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>1-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liblik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. .]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bubier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Methane emissions from wetlands in the zone of discontinuous permafrost: Fort Simpson, Northwest Territories, Canada]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Global Biogeochemical Cycles]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>485-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lovelock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atwood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baldock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hickey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lavery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[&#8230; Steven]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessing the risk of carbon dioxide emissions from blue carbon ecosystems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>257-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matthes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. A. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Respiração edáfica e nutrientes na Amazônia (Região de Manaus): floresta arenícola, campinarana e campina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Amazonica]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>233-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Sá Mendonça]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[da Silva Matos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Matéria orgânica do solo: métodos de análises]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Brasil ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ABEAS]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mukherjee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Carbon cycling from mangrove litter to the adjacent Hooghly estuary, India - A modelling study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Procedia Environmental Sciences]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>391-413</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nóbrega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siqueira Neto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Queiroz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Artur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Otero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Edaphic factors controlling summer (rainy season) greenhouse gas emissions (CO2 and CH4) from semiarid mangrove soils (NE-Brazil)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science of the Total Environment]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>542</volume>
<page-range>685-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Otero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nóbrega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santiso-Taboada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meléndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macías]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[High fragility of the soil organic C pools in mangrove forests]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Marine Pollution Bulletin]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>119</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>460-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poungparn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Komiyama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tanaka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sangtiean]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maknual]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[&#8230; Patanaponpaiboon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Carbon dioxide emission through soil respiration in a secondary mangrove forest of eastern Thailand]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal ofTropical Ecology]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>393-400</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reef]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lovelock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nutrition of mangroves]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Tree Physiology]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1148-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schaeffer-Novelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cintrón-Molero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adaime]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Camargo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cintron-Molero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Camargo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Variability of Mangrove Ecosystems along the Brazilian Coast]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estuaries]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>204-18</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sifleet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pendleton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[State of the Science on Coastal Blue Carbon A Summary for Policy Makers]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[U.S.A. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions-Duke University]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rico]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pech]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pech]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teutli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Carbon Dynamics (Stocks and Fluxes) in Mangroves of Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Terra Latinoamericana]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>61-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Souza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guedes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. L. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. S. de]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Alguns aspectos fitossociológicos e nutricionais do manguezal da Ilha de Patí-Bahía, Brasil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sitientibus, Feira de Santana]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>151-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stockmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crawford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Field]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henakaarchchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jenkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[&#8230; Zimmermann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The knowns, known unknowns and unknowns of sequestration of soil organic carbon]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>164</volume>
<page-range>80-99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ter-Braak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Canonical correspondence analysis: a new technique for multivariate direct gradient analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecological Society of America]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1167-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Troxler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuentes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Engel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Component-specific dynamics of riverine mangrove CO2 efflux in the Florida coastal Everglades]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agricultural and Forest Meteorology]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>213</volume>
<page-range>273-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valentini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abreu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. G. de]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Faria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. A. P. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Respiração Do Solo Como Bioindicador Em Áreas Degradadas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Internacional de Ciências]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>127-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
