<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442019000601520</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rbt.v67i6.35860</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effects of the fungus Pestalotiopsis maculans (Ascomycota: Amphisphaeriales) on the gametophytic development of the fern Lygodium venustum (Lygodiaceae)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bejar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julieta]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luján Luna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murace]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mónica Adriana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nazareno Saparrat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de La Plata Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo Cátedra Morfología Vegetal]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de La Plata Protección Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CCT-La Plata-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y técnicas (CONICET) Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de La Plata Instituto de Botánica Spegazzini, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 119 Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentin</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>67</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<fpage>1520</fpage>
<lpage>1530</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442019000601520&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442019000601520&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442019000601520&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Lygodium Sw. is the only genus of the family Lygodiaceae, with around 25 to 40 species inhabiting mostly tropical regions worldwide. In Argentina two species develop; one of them, L. venustum, grows in the Northeast of the country. Some species of Lygodium are invasive whereas medicinal uses have been reported for some taxa. As part of a project to ascertain on the reproductive biology of native ferns in Argentina, a fungus was found during in vitro spore culture of L. venustum. Dark brown spots and eruptive pustules were also observed in fertile leaves. Thus, emerged as objectives of this work: 1) to retrieve and identify the fungus from the sporophyte and from the spores cultures, 2) to inquire on the impact of the fungus on gametophyte generation, and 3) to perform experiments with untreated spores to demonstrate that the fungus is associated to the spores collected from infested sporophytes. Phytopathological techniques were applied in order to isolate the fungus and then to achieve monosporic cultures. The morpho-biometric features of the conidia corresponded with those of Pestalotiopsis maculans (Corda) Nag Raj [= Pestalotiopsis guepinii (Desm.) Steyaert] (Amphisphaeriales, Ascomycota). Re-inoculation of conidia on healthy gametophytes conducted to their necrosis and death. The percentages of spore germination were initially higher in unsterilized cultures, suggesting that disinfection protocol may have affected spore germination. This is the first report of Pestalotiopsis maculans on the sporophytes of Lygodium venustum. The information that emerges from our work could be useful for the biocontrol of other species of Lygodium, considered weeds in other regions of the world.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Efectos del hongo Pestalotiopsis maculans (Ascomycota: Amphisphaeriales) en el desarrollo gametofítico del helecho Lygodium venustum (Lygodiaceae). Lygodium Sw. es el único género de la familia Lygodiaceae, con alrededor de 25 a 40 especies que habitan en su mayoría en regiones tropicales del mundo. En Argentina se desarrollan dos especies; uno de ellas, L. venustum, crece en el noreste del país. Algunas especies de Lygodium son invasivas, mientras que para algunos taxones se han reportado usos medicinales. Como parte de un proyecto para indagar sobre la biología reproductiva de los helechos nativos en Argentina, se encontró un hongo durante el cultivo in vitro de esporas de L. venustum. Asimismo, se observaron manchas marrones oscuras y pústulas eruptivas en hojas fértiles. Así, surgieron como objetivos de este trabajo: 1) recuperar e identificar el hongo presente en el esporofito y en los cultivos de esporas, 2) investigar el impacto del hongo en la generación gametofítica y 3) realizar experimentos con esporas no tratadas para demostrar que el hongo está asociado a las esporas recolectadas de esporofitos infestados. Se aplicaron técnicas fitopatológicas para aislar el hongo y luego lograr cultivos monospóricos. Las características morfo-biométricas de los conidios correspondieron a las de Pestalotiopsis maculans (Corda) Nag Raj [= Pestalotiopsis guepinii (Desm.) Steyaert] (Amphisphaeriales, Ascomycota). La re-inoculación de conidios en gametofitos sanos condujo a su necrosis y muerte. Los porcentajes de germinación de esporas fueron inicialmente más altos en los cultivos no esterilizados, lo que sugiere que el protocolo de desinfección pudo haber afectado la germinación de las esporas. Este es el primer reporte de Pestalotiopsis maculans sobre los esporofitos de Lygodium venustum. La información que surge de nuestro trabajo podría ser útil para el control biológico de otras especies de Lygodium, consideradas malezas en otras regiones del mundo.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pathogenic fungus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ferns]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gametophyte]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[leaf spots]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Argentina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[hongo patógeno]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[helechos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[gametofito]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[manchas foliares]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Argentina]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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