<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442019000601488</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rbt.v67i6.33654</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Ciclo de vida y enemigos naturales de Mechanitis menapis (Lepidoptera: Ithomiini)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santacruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paola G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Despland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Emma]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giraldo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos E]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Museo Interactivo de Ciencia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Concordia University  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Canadá</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Católica de Oriente Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Grupo de Investigación de Sanidad Vegetal]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>67</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<fpage>1488</fpage>
<lpage>1504</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442019000601488&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442019000601488&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442019000601488&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Las mariposas de la tribu Ithomiini son uno de los modelos biológicos más estudiados en años recientes en trabajos de biogeografía, taxonomía y evolución. Sin embargo, aun cuando la biología y distribución de sus especies es mejor conocida que la de otros grupos de mariposas, existen aspectos de la historia natural poco estudiados que permitirían un mejor entendimiento del comportamiento de sus poblaciones y las interacciones con su ambiente. En este trabajo, se estudió la historia natural de la mariposa, Mechanitis menapis mantineus Hewitson (Nymphalidae: Ithomiini) y sus enemigos naturales en el oeste de Ecuador. Para ello, se realizó la identificación de las plantas hospederas, se estudió el ciclo de vida y los factores de mortalidad de los estados inmaduros. Adicionalmente, se identificaron los parasitoides asociados a la especie en la zona de estudio. Se identificaron tres plantas hospederas, las cuales son nuevos registros para la especie en la región. Asimismo, se describió la morfología de los estados inmaduros y su tiempo de desarrollo. Finalmente, se identificaron los principales enemigos naturales y se describieron aspectos de la historia natural y comportamiento de Hyposoter sp. (Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae), principal parasitoide de larvas. Los resultados de este trabajo, proporcionan información esencial para la revisión taxonómica del género Mechanitis F. y para continuar el estudio de la interacción de esta especie con sus plantas hospederas y enemigos naturales.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Life cycle and natural enemies of Mechanitis menapis (Lepidoptera: Ithomiini). The butterflies of the Ithomiini tribe are one of the most-studied biological models of recent years in terms of biogeography, taxonomy, and evolution. However, even though their biology and distribution is better known than many other groups of butterflies, there are unknown aspects of their natural history that would improve our understanding of their behavior, population dynamics, and interactions with their environment. In this work, we studied the natural history of the butterfly Mechanitis menapis mantineus Hewitson (Nymphalidae: Ithomiini), and its natural enemies, in Western Ecuador. We identified three host plants, which are new records for the species in this region. We documented the life cycle and described the morphology of the immature stages, their development time, and studied the factors associated with mortality of these immature stages. Additionally, we identified the parasitoids associated with the species in the study area. In particular, we documented aspects of the natural history and behavior of Hyposoter sp. (Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae), the main parasitoid of the larvae. The results of this work provide essential information for the taxonomic revision of the genus Mechanitis F. as well as the continued study of the interactions between the butterfly, its host plants, and natural enemies.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[life history]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Solanaceae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[host plant]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nymphalidae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ecuador]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Andes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[historia natural]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Solanaceae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[planta hospedera]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Nymphalidae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[parasitoidismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ecuador]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Andes]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<page-range>297-368</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Willmott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mallet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Correlations between adult mimicry and larval host plants in Ithomiine butterflies.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of the Royal Society B(Suppl.)]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>271</volume>
<page-range>S266-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
