<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442019000601394</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rbt.v67i6.37023</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The effect of green fertilizers on the ecological structure of soil invertebrate communities in an andisol of Southwestern Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efecto de fertilizantes verdes en la estructura ecológica de las comunidades de invertebrados edáficos en un suelo andisol del suroestre de Colombia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Urbano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pantoja]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delgado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Iván A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paulo C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benavides]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Iván F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Nariño Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Nariño Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Pasto ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,ivan.delgado@udenar.edu.co  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Nariño  Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Stockholm Environment Institute Latin America ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>67</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<fpage>1394</fpage>
<lpage>1405</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442019000601394&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442019000601394&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442019000601394&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction: Chemical fertilizers for agriculture can negatively affect the communities of soil invertebrates that contribute to nutrient cycling, nutrient availability, soil formation and fertility. As an alternative, previous work has suggested that green fertilizers (fresh tissue from plants) are effective to preserve soil fertility, without affecting the ecological properties of invertebrate communities.  Objective: This work aimed to evaluate how green fertilizers affect the ecological structure of an invertebrate community in an andisol from Southwestern Colombia.  Methods:  Fresh leaves from seven plant species locally sown and grown in March 2018 were used as the fertilizers by incorporating and mixing them with the soil in 24 experimental subplots. After 45 days of incorporation, the abundance, richness, biomass and diversity of soil invertebrates were measured in three replicate soil cores per subplot and at three depths.  Results: Comparing against a control treatment with no fertilization, the richness and abundance of soil invertebrates were up to 14-fold higher in treatments with Alnus jorullensis and Brassica napus, and up to 5-fold higher in treatments with Vicia sativa, Lupinus mutabilis, Plantago lanceolata and Medicago sativa. Diversity indices showed a shift from high dominance by one or a few invertebrate families in the control treatment, to a high diversity and greater evenness in the A. jorullensis, P. lanceolata and M. sativa treatments. Biomass was negatively correlated with richness and abundance, suggesting a possible ecological trade-off worth to evaluate in further research.  Conclusions: In general, our results demonstrate that the application of green fertilizers in this Andean environment can significantly improve the ecological status of soil invertebrate communities. These communities ultimately provide the ecological functions for soil dynamics; thus, agroecology practices should consider them as a valuable alternative to balance production and conservation.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción: Los fertilizantes químicos para la agricultura afectan negativamente a las comunidades de invertebrados, las cuales contribuyen al ciclaje, disponibilidad de los nutrientes y a la formación y fertilidad del suelo. Como alternativa, investigaciones previas han sugerido que los abonos verdes (tejido fresco de plantas) son efectivos para conservar la fertilidad del suelo, posiblemente sin afectar los invertebrados.  Objetivo:  Evaluar como la aplicación de abonos verdes al suelo afecta cuantitativamente estas propiedades en una comunidad de macrofauna edáfica de un andisol al suroccidente de Colombia.  Métodos: El follaje fresco de siete especies de plantas sembradas y cultivadas localmente durante marzo 2018 fue utilizado como abono verde, el cual fue incorporado y mezclado con el suelo superficial en 24 subparcelas experimentales. Después de 45 días de aplicar los abonos, se midió la abundancia, riqueza, biomasa y diversidad de la comunidad de invertebrados.  Resultados: En comparación a un tratamiento testigo la riqueza y abundancia de invertebrados fue 14 veces más alta en tratamientos con A. jorullensis y B. napus, y cinco veces más alta en tratamientos con V. sativa, L. mutabilis, P. lanceolata y M. sativa. Los índices de diversidad mostraron un cambio desde una dominancia por una o pocas familias de invertebrados en el testigo, a una alta diversidad y equitatividad en los tratamientos con A. jorullensis, P. lanceolata y M. sativa. La biomasa estuvo correlacionada negativamente con la riqueza y la abundancia, sugiriendo un posible trade-off, en este sentido se sugiere que sea estudiada en futuras investigaciones.  Conclusiones:  En general, estos resultados demuestran que la aplicación de abonos verdes en estos suelos andinos puede mejorar significativamente la presencia de macroinvertebrados en el suelo.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[soil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[green manures]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[macrofauna]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[diversity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[abundance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[richness]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[suelo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[abonos verdes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[macrofauna]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diversidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[abundancia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[riqueza]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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