<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442019000200326</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rbt.v67i2supl.37255</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Ecology, endemism, and conservation status of birds that collide with glass windows in Monteverde, Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Ecología, endemismo y estatus de conservación de aves que han colisionado contra ventanas de vidrio en Monteverde, Costa Rica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menacho-Odio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rose Marie]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garro-Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martha]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arévalo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Edgardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Estatal a Distancia Escuela de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Programa de Manejo de Recursos Naturales]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ San José]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Asociación Ornitológica de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Escazú ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Naturales para el Desarrollo (DOCINADE) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Heredia]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Georgia Costa Rica Departamento de Investigación ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Monteverde ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,The School for Field Studies  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Atenas Alajuela]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Escuela de Biología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Pedro San José]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,aff6  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>67</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>326</fpage>
<lpage>345</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442019000200326&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442019000200326&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442019000200326&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Worldwide, billions of birds die annually due to window collisions. Nevertheless, few accounts document bird-window collisions in the Neotropics. In this study, we document species that collided with windows in Monteverde, Costa Rica, and describe their ecological and conservation status. We gathered information from different sources, including data from museum records and accounts by Monteverde residents who participated as &#8220;citizen scientists&#8221; between May 2014 and December 2017. We conducted carcass searches between March 2015 and February 2016. We classified window-strike species by migratory, forest dependence, trophic guild, weight, abundance, conservation, and endemism status. We registered 103 species striking windows in Monteverde, which includes 98 of 267 species known to occur in three life zones in Monteverde and five not registered in the area. Window strike casualties&#8217; frequencies differed by species, trophic guild and migratory status. Most window victims were residents, small, insectivorous, considered common or fairly common, with declining population trends. The families with the most species represented were Parulidae (14 spp.), Trochilidae (13 spp.), Turdidae (10 spp.), and Tyrannidae (9 spp.). Most species were passerines (Order Passeriformes) (71 spp.). No hawks or vultures were found colliding with buildings. The three species most commonly killed by windows were frugivores: Swainson&#8217;s Thrush (Catharus ustulatus), Northern Emerald-Toucanet (Aulacorhynchus prasinus), and Black-faced Solitaire (Myadestes melanops). Among window-kills were five species whose status on the IUCN Red List are Near Threatened and one Vulnerable, including the Resplendent Quetzal (Pharomachrus mocinno) and the Three-wattled Bellbird (Procnias tricarunculatus). Six species are listed as in danger of extinction and four are listed as species with reduced populations by the National System of Conservation Areas for Costa Rica (SINAC). 12 endemic species are strike casualties. The premontane wet forest is the life zone where more species were found (n=64 spp.), followed by the premontane moist forest (n = 49 spp.) and the lower montane wet forest (n = 31 spp.). These findings demonstrate the urgent need for conservation measures to mitigate bird mortality due to window collisions. Promoting use of methods to protect birds from windows should be an important goal for this IBA and the rest of Costa Rica. We also recommend collecting data in order to increase understanding about bird window collisions.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Cada año, a nivel global, mueren miles de millones de aves al colisionar contra ventanas. A pesar de ello, pocos registros documentan colisiones aves-ventanas en zonas altamente diversas en el Neotrópico. En este estudio, nosotros documentamos especies que colisionaron en ventanas en Monteverde, Costa Rica y describimos su estatus ecológico y de conservación. Nosotros obtuvimos información de distintas fuentes, incluyendo datos de registros de museos y de observaciones de residentes de Monteverde que participaron como &#8220;científicos ciudadanos&#8221; entre mayo 2014 y diciembre 2017. Nosotros realizamos búsquedas de cuerpos de aves entre marzo del 2015 y febrero 2016. Clasificamos especies que hubieran golpeado de acuerdo a su estatus de migración, dependencia del bosque, gremio alimentario, peso, abundancia, endemismo y de conservación. Nosotros registramos 103 especies que habían golpeado ventanas en Monteverde (98 de 267 especies documentadas en tres zonas de vida y cinco no registradas en el área). Muchas especies víctima de colisiones se caracterizan por ser residentes, pequeños, insectívoros, considerados comunes o bastante comunes, con poblaciones decrecientes. Las familias más representadas son Parulidae (14 spp.), Trochilidae (13 spp.), Turdidae (10 spp.) y Tyrannidae (9 spp.). La mayoría de las especies son paseriformes (Orden Passeriformes) (71 spp.). Ni gavilanes ni zopilotes golpearon en edificios durante nuestro estudio. Las tres especies más comúnmente muertas por ventanas fueron el Zorzal de Swainson (Catharus ustulatus), el tucancillo verde (Aulacorhynchu sprasinus) y el jilguero (Myadestes melanops). Entre las especies afectadas cinco especies tienen estatus de Casi Amenazadas y una Vulnerable según la Lista Roja de la UICN, incluyendo el Quetzal (Pharomachrus mocinno) y los pájaros campana (Procnias tricarunculatus). Cinco especies están en lista de peligro de extinción y cuatro con poblaciones reducidas según la lista del Sistema Nacional de Áreas de conservación de Costa Rica (SINAC). 12 especies endémicas fueron víctimas de colisiones. El bosque premontano húmedo es la zona de vida donde más especies fueron encontradas (n = 64 spp.), seguidos por el bosque premontano muy húmedo y el bosque muy húmedo montano bajo (n = 31 spp.). Estos hallazgos demuestran la urgente necesidad de implementar medidas de conservación para mitigar la mortalidad de las aves originada por colisión contra ventanas. El aplicar métodos para proteger a las aves de las ventanas debe ser una importante meta para esta AICA así como para el resto de Costa Rica. Recomendamos desarrollar acciones educativas, legales y continuar recolectando información, tanto en Monteverde como en otras áreas de Costa Rica para aumentar el conocimiento acerca de la colisión de aves con ventanas.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[avian mortality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[threatened species]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[window strikes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[life zones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[collision vulnerability]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[citizen science]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Monteverde]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Tropical Cloud Forest]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mortalidad de aves]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[especies amenazadas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[colisiones en paneles de vidrio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[zonas de vida]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[vulnerabilidad a colisiones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ciencia ciudadana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Monteverde, Bosque Nuboso Tropical]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aves]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wheelwright]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Monteverde: ecología y conservación de un bosque nuboso tropical]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
