<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442018000301162</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rbt.v66i3.29810</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Substrate, moisture, temperature and seed germination of the threatened endemic tree Eriotheca vargasii (Malvaceae)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Sustrato, humedad, temperatura y germinación de semillas del árbol endémico amenazado Eriotheca vargasii (Malvaceae)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mamani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Godofredo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Héctor Chuquillanqui]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chumbiauca Mateo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Susana L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sahley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Catherine T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alfonso]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linares-Palomino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Reynaldo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Grandes Montañas y Consultores SAC  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Lima]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Lima]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>66</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>1162</fpage>
<lpage>1170</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442018000301162&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442018000301162&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442018000301162&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract We studied the germination of Eriotheca vargasii (Malvaceae), a poorly known endemic Peruvian Andean tree species characteristic of the dry forests of the Torobamba river valley, Peru. We determined seed characteristics, embryo morphology, viability, and assessed the influence of substrate (natural soil and commercially prepared media), temperature (controlled at 25 ºC and at ambient temperature between 18-22 ºC), and moisture (25 % and 50 % field capacity) on seed germination. Most seeds were ovoid in shape and although they contained well-developed embryos, only 46 % of them were viable. Substrate moisture levels had no influence on germination capacity or rate. In contrast, temperature and substrate type showed strong effects on germination. We observed the highest proportion of germinated seeds in prepared media at both temperatures tested (&gt; 61 %). Furthermore, substrate types also influenced germination rates, with lower values in natural soil. The strongest effect on germination rates was by temperature, enhancing the difference in responses in substrate types (up to 90 % in commercially prepared media at 25 ºC). The low proportion of germinated seeds in soil (&lt; 39 %), together with external local stress factors (e.g. grazing impact by herbivores), may be the critical factors contributing to the nearly total absence of seedlings and saplings of E. vargasiiin the study area despite abundant seed production. In order to ensure a supply of E. vargasii seedlings for reforestation efforts, we recommend producing E. vargasii plants in nurseries and conducting reforestation trials. We suggest that germination of seedlings is done following guidelines from this study. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(3): 1162-1170. Epub 2018 September 01.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Estudiamos la germinación de Eriotheca vargasii (Malvaceae), un árbol endémico poco conocido de los andes peruanos y carácterístico de los bosques secos del valle del río Torobamba. Determinamos las características de la semilla, la morfología del embrión y la viabilidad; además evaluamos la influencia del sustrato (suelo y sustrato preparado comercialmente), temperatura (controlada a 25 ºC y sin control entre 18-22 ºC) y humedad (25 % y 50 % de capacidad de campo) sobre la germinación de las semillas. La mayoría de las semillas tuvo forma ovoide y aunque la mayoría contenía embriones bien desarrollados, sólo el 46 % de estas fue viable. Los niveles de humedad del sustrato no tuvieron influencia sobre la capacidad o tasa de germinación, mientras que la temperatura y el tipo de sustrato si tuvieron efectos visibles. Observamos las proporciones más altas de semillas germinadas en los sustratos preparados y en ambas temperaturas (&gt; 61 %). Adicionalmente, el tipo de sustrato también influenció las tasas de germinación, con valores más bajos en el suelo natural. El efecto más fuerte sobre las tasas de germinación se dió por la temperatura, aumentando las diferencias de las respuestas de acuerdo al tipo de sustrato (hasta un 90 % de germinación en sustratos preparados comercialmente y a 25 ºC). La baja proporción de semillas germinadas en el suelo (&lt; 39 %), junto con factores locales de estrés externos (como por ejemplo el impacto por herbivoría), pueden ser elementos clave que están contribuyendo a la casi ausencia total de plántulas de E. vargasii en el área de estudio, a pesar de una producción de semilla abundante. Para asegurar proveer plantones de E. Vargasii para esfuerzos de reforestación, recomendamos producir plantas de esta especie en viveros y realizar experimentos de reforestación. Sugerimos que la germinación de las plántulas se haga siguiendo las recomendaciones de este estudio.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Andes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[arid ecosystem]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[drought]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[seed morphology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Andes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ecosistema árido]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sequía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[morfología de semilla]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzalez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Caracterización morfológica de semillas de diez especies vegetales del sur de Ecuador]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Loja, Ecuador ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja Ecuador]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarez-Aquino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barradas-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ponce-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williams-Linera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Soil seed bank, seed removal, and germination in a seasonally dry tropical forest in Veracruz, Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Botanical Sciences]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>92</volume>
<page-range>111-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Banda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delgado-Salinas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dexter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linares-Palomino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira-Filho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pennington]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Plant diversity patterns in neotropical dry forests and their conservation implications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>353</volume>
<page-range>1383-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baskin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Breaking physical dormancy in seeds - focussing on the lens]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[New Phytologist]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>158</volume>
<page-range>229-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baskin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baskin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San Diego, USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academic Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baskin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baskin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Taxonomy, anatomy and evolution of physical dormancy in seeds]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Plant Species Biology]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>139-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrijo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cristo Martins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soares Martins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tavares Landahl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martins de Mesquita Matos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues Nakano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estabelecimento de Eriotheca pubescens (Bombacaceae) por meio de semeadura direta e de mudas em cascalheira]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cerne]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>366-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ceccon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rincón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Abiotic factors influencing tropical dry forests regeneration]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<page-range>305-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dalling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ecología de semillas]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guariguata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kattan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ecologia y conservacion de Bosques Neotropicales]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<page-range>345-75</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cartago, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Libro Universitario Regional]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delouche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Still]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rapset]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lienhard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The tetrazolium test for seed viability]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mississippi State University Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin]]></source>
<year>1962</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<page-range>1-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Análise filogenética de Eriotheca Schott &amp; Endl e gêneros afins (Bombacoideae, Malvaceae) e estudo taxonômico de Eriotheca no Brasil]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Brazil ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fischer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The role of plumes in Eriotheca pentaphylla (Bombacaceae) seed survival in south-eastern Brazil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Tropical Ecology]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>133-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fleming]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonaccorso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herbst]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Phenology, seed dispersal, and colonization in Muntingia calabura, a neotropical pioneer tree]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of Botany]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<page-range>383-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Germinación y desarrollo de la plántula de Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud. (Papiplionaceae)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<page-range>157-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Núñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azócar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ecología de la regeneración de árboles de la sabana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecotropicos]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>1-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harms]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. E. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Regeneración de árboles tropicales e implicaciones para el manejo de bosques naturales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecosistemas]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>15-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horstman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ayo&#769;n]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Griscom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Growth, survival, carbon rates for some dry tropical forest trees used in enrichment planting in the Cerro Blanco protected forest on the Ecuadorian coast]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Sustainable Forestry]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<page-range>82-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>International Seed Testing Association</collab>
<source><![CDATA[International rules for seed testing]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bassersdorf, Switzerland ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[International Seed Testing Association]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kleinbaum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Survival analysis: a self-learning text]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Berlin, Germany ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer Science &amp; Bussines Media]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khurana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. K. T. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ecology of seed and seedling growth for conservation and restoration of tropical dry forest: a review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environmental Conservation]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>39-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bombacaceae endémicas del Perú]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Peruana de Biología]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>175-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linares-Palomino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Plant diversity, composition and structure of the seasonally dry forest in Torobamba, an inter-Andean valley in Ayacucho, southern Peru. Setting the baseline for longterm ecological monitoring and conservation of the endemic tree Eriotheca vargasii]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dallmeier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Servat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Monitoring Biodiversity: lessons from a TransAndean Megaproject]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>41-51</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington, USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nunes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. R. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Seed germination of arboreal shrub species with different dispersal mechanisms in a Brazilian tropical dry forest]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanchez-Azofeifa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Powers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernandes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quesada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Tropical Dry Forests in the Americas: Ecology, Conservation, and Management]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>286-303</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Florida, USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CRC Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scarpati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delgado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fenología de algunas especies que son alimento para la pava aliblanca Penelope albipennis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Peruana de Biología]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>51-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McNair]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sunkara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frobish]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[How to analyse seed germination data using statistical time-to-event analysis: non-parametric and semi-parametric methods]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Seed Science Research]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<page-range>77-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. A. F. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cavalcanti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. I. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. U.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Araújo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Substrates and temperatures in the germination of Eriotheca gracilipes seeds]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Ciência Agronômica]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<page-range>303-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mercival]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lunardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guimarães]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Factors affecting seed predation of Eriotheca gracilipes (Bombacaceae) by parakeets in a cerrado fragment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Oecologica]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<page-range>240-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Merritt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Seed storage and testing]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sweedman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Merritt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Australian Seeds: A Guide to their Collection, Identification and Biology]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<page-range>53-60</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Clayton, Australia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CSIRO Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klink]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biomass allocation and growth of tree seedlings from two contrasting Brazilian savannas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecotropicos]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>43-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis físico y biológico de semillas agrícolas]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México, D.F. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mostacedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fredericksen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Regeneración y Silvicultura de Bosques Tropicales en Bolivia]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santa Cruz, Bolivia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editora El País]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Patterns of seed size, germination and seed viability of tropical tree species in Southern India]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biotropica]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<page-range>271-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murdoch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ellis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dormancy, viability and longevity]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fenner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Seeds: the ecology of regeneration in plant communities]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<page-range>183-207</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxfordshire, England ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CABI Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poorter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Markesteijn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Seedling traits determine drought tolerance of tropical tree species]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biotropica]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<page-range>321-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>R Core Team</collab>
<source><![CDATA[R: A language and environment for statistical computing]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Vienna, Austria ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[R Foundation for Statistical Computing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ranal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[How and why to measure the germination process?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Brazilian Journal of Botany]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<page-range>1-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reynel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pennington]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pennington]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marcelo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Árboles útiles del Ande Peruano]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lima, Perú ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Tarea Gráfica Educativa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Román]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Sautu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deago]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jefferson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Guía para la propagación de 120 especies de árboles nativos de Panamá y el Neotrópico]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New Haven, USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Environmental Leadership and Training Initiative - ELTI. Yale School of Forestry &amp; Environmental Studies]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goldstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miralles-Wilhelm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Seed limitation of woody plants in Neotropical savannas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Plant Ecology]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>213</volume>
<page-range>273-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Zepeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estudio morfológico de plántulas de la familia Bombacaceae en Quintana Roo, México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Foresta Veracruzana]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>1-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Caracterización climática de las regiones Apurímac y Cusco]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lima, Perú ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Signorell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[DescTools: Tools for descriptive statistics]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soriano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gamboa-deBuen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orozco-Segovia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of burial and storage on germination and seed reserves of 18 tree species in a tropical deciduous forest in Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Oecologia]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>174</volume>
<page-range>33-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Therneau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A package for survival analysis in S. Version 2.38]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York, USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CRAN-R]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vieira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. L. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sevilha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scariot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Consequences of dry-season seed dispersal on seedling establishment of dry forest trees: Should we store seeds until the rains?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Forest Ecology and Management]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>256</volume>
<page-range>471-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
