<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442018000100457</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rbt.v66i1.28070</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The effect of macroinvertebrate exclusion on leaf breakdown rates in two upland Colombian streams]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efecto de la exclusión de macroinvertebrados sobre las tasas de descomposición de la hojarasca en dos ríos de alta montaña en Colombia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zúñiga-Céspedes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bladimir]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zúñiga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María del Carmen]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chará]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Valle  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Cali]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,CIPAV  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Cali]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Southern Illinois University  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Carbondale Illinois]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>66</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>457</fpage>
<lpage>467</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442018000100457&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442018000100457&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442018000100457&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Macroinvertebrate shredders have been widely recognized as an important functional feeding group that contributes to leaf decomposition in temperate streams, but little is known about their role in upland Neotropical streams. In this study, we investigated the effect of macroinvertebrate exclusion on leaf breakdown rates in two upland streams in Colombia. The study was carried out between January and April of 2009, including the dry season and the beginning of the wet season. We measured leaf mass loss using coarse- (15 mm; accessible to macroinvertebrates) and fine- (200 µm; macroinvertebrates excluded) mesh litter bags that were anchored with wood stakes to the bottom of each stream and recovered after 7, 14, 21, 28, and 56 days. We selected leaves from two dominant plant species and used three leaf treatments: two single species (Palicourea cuatrecasasii and Critoniopsis ursicola) and mixed-species (P. cuatrecasasii and C. ursicola). We compared leaf breakdown rates between the Peña Bonita and Marianela stream, mesh-sizes, and leaf treatments. Macroinvertebrates that colonized the litter bags were measured for density and biomass and categorized in functional feeding groups. In general, there were no significant differences in breakdown rates between the streams and the mesh-sizes. In contrast, leaf breakdown rates had significant differences between all leaf species, where C. ursicola had higher breakdown rates than mixed-species, and P. cuatrecasasii. Macroinvertebrate exclusion did not affect leaf breakdown rates and their assemblages were composed by high densities of collectors (mainly Chironomidae) and few shredders with a large body size. The similar macroinvertebrate colonization between leaf species, the relatively slow breakdown rates, and the shredder scarcity, suggest that leaves were a refractory substrate. Further studies should include leaf species with different nutritional qualities and larger spatial-temporal scales to test the hypothesis of shredder presence and its role on leaf decomposition in upland Colombian streams. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(1): 457-467. Epub 2018 March 01.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Los macroinvertebrados fragmentadores han sido ampliamente reconocidos como un importante grupo funcional alimenticio que contribuye a la descomposición de la hojarasca en quebradas del hemisferio norte, pero poco se sabe sobre su papel en quebradas de montaña neotropicales. En el presente estudio investigamos el efecto de la exclusión de los macroinvertebrados sobre las tasas de fragmentación de la hojarasca en dos quebradas de montaña en Colombia. Nuestra hipótesis es que la fragmentación de la hojarasca es mediada principalmente por macroinvertebrados fragmentadores en quebradas de montaña en Colombia. Este estudio fue llevado a cabo entre enero y abril 2009, incluyendo la época seca y el comienzo de la época de lluvias. Se midieron las pérdidas de masa de hojarasca usando bolsas de malla gruesa (15 mm; accesible a macroinvertebrados) y fina (200 µm; macroinvertebrados excluidos); estas fueron atadas con estacas de madera al fondo de cada quebrada y recuperadas transcurridos 7, 14, 21, 28 y 56 días. Se seleccionó hojarasca de dos especies dominantes en los sitios de estudio y se usaron tres tratamientos para las bolsas de hojarasca: Critoniopsis ursicola, Palicourea cuatrecasasii y una mezcla de estas dos especies. Se compararon las tasas de fragmentación de la hojarasca entre las dos quebradas, los dos tipos de malla y las especies de hojarasca. Los macroinvertebrados que colonizaron las bolsas de hojarasca fueron medidos en términos de densidad, biomasa y categorizados en grupos funcionales alimenticios. En general, nuestros resultados no mostraron diferencias significativas en las tasas de fragmentación de la hojarasca entre las quebradas y entre los tipos de malla. En contraste, las tasas de fragmentación presentaron diferencias significativas entre las especies de hojarasca; específicamente, C. ursicola tuvo tasas más altas de fragmentación que las especies mezcladas y que P. cuatrecasasii. Con respecto a los macroinvertebrados, el presente estudio encontró que su exclusión no tuvo un efecto sobre las tasas de fragmentación y los ensamblajes estuvieron compuestos por una alta densidad de recolectores (principalmente de la familia Chironomidae) y pocos fragmentadores con gran tamaño corporal. La colonización similar de macroinvertebrados entre las especies de hojarasca, las relativamente lentas tasas de fragmentación, sugieren que las hojas fueron un sustrato refractario. Futuros estudios deberían incluir especies de hojarasca con diferentes calidades nutricionales y una mayor escala espacio-temporal para estudiar la hipótesis de la presencia de fragmentadores en quebradas de montaña en Colombia.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[leaf breakdown rates]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[functional feeding groups]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[shredders]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[tropical streams]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tasas de fragmentación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[grupos funcionales alimenticios]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fragmentadores]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[quebradas tropicales]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Shredders in Malaysia: abundance and richness are higher in cool upland tropical streams]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the North American Benthological Society]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>404-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
