<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442018000100006</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rbt.v66i1.28459</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Pupas Podonominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) de los ríos altoandinos tropicales]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Podonominae pupae (Diptera: Chironomidae) from the tropical high Andean rivers]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acosta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raúl]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Narcís]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Barcelona  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Barcelona]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>66</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>6</fpage>
<lpage>27</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442018000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442018000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442018000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Podonominae es una subfamilia de Chironomidae cuyos estados inmaduros habitan ríos y arroyos fríos. En América del Sur, la mayoría de las especies han sido reportadas solamente para la subregión Andina/Patagónica. Sin embargo, el conocimiento de su diversidad en áreas tropicales es aún escaso. Estudiamos la riqueza de géneros y morfotipos de pupas y exuvias pupales Podonominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) en los ríos altoandinos de Colombia, Ecuador y Perú y se discutió su distribución geográfica en el área de estudio. Los especímenes fueron recolectados entre 2004 - 2011 en 197 puntos de muestreo, 17 cuencas hidrográficas por encima de los 2 000 msnm. Durante la estación seca, muestras bentónicas y de deriva fueron tomadas en diferentes sustratos. Reconocimos tres géneros:Podonomopsis,ParochlusyPodonomus,con uno, nueve y 14 morfotipos respectivamente. Sólo seis de ellos fueron claramente determinados como especies previamente descritas.Podonomopsisestuvo representado sólo por una especie,P. illiesi, encontrado únicamente en ríos altos de Perú (más de 3 500 msnm). La abundancia y riqueza de morfotipos deParochlusfueron las altas en ríos de Ecuador y Colombia (P.incaicus,Parochlussp. 1 yParochlussp. 2 fueron las especies más comunes). Por el contrario,Podonomusfue más diverso y abundante en ríos de Perú (P. caranqui,P. fittkauiyP. fastigiansfueron las especies más comunes).Encontramos un claro patrón de distribución de morfotipos en el gradiente latitudinal. Primero, se confirmó una evidente disminución en la riqueza de morfotipos en relación a los Andes del Sur. Segundo, se encontraron especies comoPodomopsisilliesi,PodonomusfittkauiyPodomusfastigiansque solamente estuvieron presentes en Perú, pero no en Ecuador y Colombia. Para estas especies, la Depresión de Huancabamba (6°S Latitud, Norte de Perú), pudo representar una importante barrera en su dispersión hacia latitudes más bajas. También se presenta una clave taxonómica para la determinación de géneros y morfotipos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The Podonominae is a subfamily of Chironomidae which immature stages inhabit cold streams and brooks. In South America, most of the species have been reported only from the Andean/Patagonian subregion. However, the knowledge of its diversity from high tropical areas is still scarce. We studied the richness of genera and morphotypes of pupae and pupal exuviae of Podonominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) in the high Andean rivers from Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, and discussed its geographical distribution in the studied area. The specimens were collected between 2004 and 2011 in 197 sampling points, from 17 basins over 2 000 masl. During the dry season, benthic and drift samples were taken in different substrates. We recognized three genera:Podonomopsis,ParochlusandPodonomus,with one, nine and 14 morphotypes, respectively. Only six of them were clearly determined as species previously described.Podonomopsiswas represented only by one species,P.illiesi, only found in high altitude rivers in Perú (above 3 500 masl). Morphotypes richness and abundance ofParochluswere higher in rivers from Ecuador and Colombia (P.incaicus,Parochlussp. 1 andParochlussp. 2 were the most common species). Conversely,Podonomuswas more diverse and abundant in rivers from Perú (P. caranqui,P. fittkauiandP. fastigianswere the most common species). We found a clear pattern of distribution of morphotypes in the latitudinal gradient. First, we confirmed an evident decrease in the morphotypes richness in relation to the South Andes. Second, we found species such asPodomopsisilliesi,PodonomusfittkauiandPodomusfastigiansthat only were present in Perú, but not in Ecuador and Colombia. For these species, the Huancabamba Depression (6°S Latitude, North of Perú), could represent an important barrier in their dispersion toward lower latitudes. A taxonomic key to genera and morphotypes determination was also provided. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(1): 6-27. Epub 2018 March 01.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[América del Sur]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[macroinvertebrados]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[insectos acuáticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ríos altoandinos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[exuvias pupales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[South America]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[macroinvertebrates]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[aquatic insects]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[high Andean streams]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pupal exuviae]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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