<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442017000401437</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rbt.v65i4.26269</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Anti-candidal effect of endophytic fungi isolated from Calotropis gigantean]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efecto anticandida de hongos endofíticos aislados de Calotropis gigantea]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Archana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joshi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Santaram]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,North-Eastern Hill University  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>India</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,North-Eastern Hill University  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>India</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>65</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>1437</fpage>
<lpage>1447</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442017000401437&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442017000401437&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442017000401437&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Candida albicans is a most common cause of fungal infections in animals and birds. Understanding the increasing resistance of C. albicans to various antifungal therapeutic agents is important to discover new anti-candidal alternatives. The present study investigated the anti-candidal potential of five endophytic fungi extracts, isolated from the tropical ethnoveterinary plant, Calotropis gigantea. We firstly evaluated the in vitro antifungal activities of endophytic fungi extracts by the well diffusion method. Secondly, the cells of C. albicans were treated with the potent extract to observe significant ultrastructural changes. To further investigate the in vivo antifungal activity of the extract, some laboratory experiments with mice were undertaken, and posteriourly, the different organs were studied under the electron microscope for any deformities. Phomopsis asparagi showed the best anti-candidal activitywith a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 46.9 µg/mL. The fungal test pathogen (C. albicans) exhibited various cell deformities when treated with the extract of P. asparagi. Histopathological studies of the vital organs of mice treated with the potent fungal extract did not show any significant pathological conditions when viewed under scanning electron microscope. Thus, P. asparagi can be a potential candidate for anti-candidal agents against C. albicans. Future studies will focus on the isolation of the bioactive components of the extract.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Candida albicans es la causa más común de infecciones fúngicas en animales y aves. La comprensión de la creciente resistencia de C. albicans a varios agentes terapéuticos antifúngicos es importante para descubrir nuevas alternativas anti-candida. El presente estudio investigó el potencial anti-candida de cinco extractos de hongos endofíticos, aislados de la planta etnoveterinaria tropical, Calotropis gigantea. En primer lugar se evaluaron las actividades antifúngicas in vitro de los extractos de hongos endofíticos por el método de difusión de pozos. En segundo lugar, las células de C. albicans se trataron con un potente extracto para observar cambios ultrastructurales significativos. Para investigar más a fondo la actividad antifúngica in vivo del extracto, se realizaron algunos experimentos de laboratorio con ratones, y posteriormente, los diferentes órganos se estudiaron bajo microscopio electrónico para cualquier deformidad. Phomopsis asparagi mostró la mejor actividad anti-candida con una concentración inhibitoria mínima (MIC) de 46.9 &#956;g/mL. El patógeno de prueba fúngico (C. albicans) presentó diversas deformidades celulares al ser tratado con el extracto de P. asparagi. Los estudios histopatológicos de los órganos vitales de los ratones tratados con el potente extracto fúngico no mostraron ninguna condición patológica significativa cuando se observaron con un microscopio electrónico de barrido. Por lo tanto, P. asparagi puede ser un candidato potencial para agentes anti-candida contra C. albicans. Los estudios futuros se centrarán en el aislamiento de los componentes bioactivos del extracto.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[endophytic fungi]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[anti-candidal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Candida albicans]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[scanning electron microscope]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ultrastructure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[hongos endofíticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[anti-Candida]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Candida albicans]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[microscopio electrónico de barrido]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ultraestructura]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bacon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[White]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Microbial endophytes]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[M. Dekker]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bridge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interpretation of PCR methods for species definition]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bridge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reddy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elander]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Applications of PCR in mycology]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<page-range>63-84</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Wallingford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CAB International]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deshmukh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mishra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kulkarni-Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. S. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sahoo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Periyasamy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goswami]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity of ergoflavin isolated from an endophytic fungus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chemistry and Biodiversity]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>784-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dhankhar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dhankhar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yadav]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Antioxidant activity of fungal endophytes isolated from Salvadora oleoidesdecne]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>0975-1491</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Du]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cristatumins A-D, new indole alkaloids from the marine-derived endophytic fungus Eurotium cristatum EN-220]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bioorganic and Medical Chemistry Letters]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<page-range>4650-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ecobichon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The basis of toxicity testing]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<edition>3rd</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Boca Raton ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CRC Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. S. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Senábio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cunha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. P. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Souchie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessment of functional traits in the assemblage of endophytic fungi of Anacardium othonianum Rizzini]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pakistan Journal of Botany]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<page-range>1241-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Endophytic fungi from Dracaena cambodiana and Aquilaria sinensis and their antimicrobial activity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[African Journal of Biotechnology]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>731-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Govindappa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sadananda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Channabasava]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramachandra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chandrappa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Padmalatha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prasad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[In vitro and in vivo antidiabetic activity of lectin (N-acetyl-galactosamine, 64 kDa) isolated from endophytic fungi, Alternaria species from Viscum album on alloxan induced diabetic rats]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Integrative Obesity and Diabetes]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>11-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sheu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Recombinant sporamin and its synthesized peptides with antioxidant activities in vitro]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Botanical Studies]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<page-range>133-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A. U.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ashfaq]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zuberi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zuberi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahmood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gilani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The in vivo antifungal activity of the aqueous extract from Nigella sativa seeds]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phytotherapy Research]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>183-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Konrath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bordignon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Apel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henriques]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Alkaloid profiling and anticholinesterase activity of South American Lycopodiaceae species]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>218-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuwamura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ide]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yamate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shiraishi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kotani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Systemic candidiasis in a dog, developing spondylitis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<page-range>1117-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lyngwi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koijam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joshi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cultivable bacterial diversity along the altitudinal zonation and vegetation range of tropical Eastern Himalaya]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<page-range>467-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Myers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mittermeier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mittermeier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fonseca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. A. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kent]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biodiversity hotspot for conservation priorities]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>403</volume>
<page-range>853-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naglot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goswami]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rahman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shrimali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yadav]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gupta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rabha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gogoi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Veer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Antagonistic potential of native Trichoderma viride strain against potent tea fungal pathogens in North East India]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Plant Pathology Journal]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>278-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nascente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. da S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meinerz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. R. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Faria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schuch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. F. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meireles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Mello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. R. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[CLSI broth microdilution method for testing susceptibility of Malassezia pachydermatis to thiabendazole]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Brazilian Journal of Microbiology]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<page-range>222-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chattopadhyay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joshi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biological activity of endophytic fungi of Rauwolfia serpentina Benth: An ethnomedicinal plant used in folk medicines in Northeast India]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of National Academy Sciences, India, Biological Sciences]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>85</volume>
<page-range>233-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raghunatha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joshi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diversity and biological activities of endophytic fungi of Emblica officinalis, an ethnomedicinal plant of India]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mycobiology]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<page-range>18-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joshi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bioactivity assessment of endophytic fungi associated with the ethnomedicinal plant Potentilla fulgens]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>2596-607</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joshi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Endophytic fungi from tropical ethnoveterinary plants and their antibacterial efficacy against Pasteurella multocida Capsular Type A strain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<page-range>733-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Owais]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shehbaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saleemuddin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Antibacterial efficacy of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) an indigenous medicinal plant against experimental murine salmonellosis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phytomedicine]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>229-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peláez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Platas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González del Val]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Basilio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kurtz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The discovery of enfumafungin, a novel antifungal compound produced by an endophytic Hormonema species biological activity and taxonomy of the producing organisms]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Systemic and Applied Microbiology]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<page-range>333-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pannu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCarthy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sutcliffe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[NB-002, a novel nanoemulsion with broad antifungal activity against dermatophytes, other filamentous fungi, and Candida albicans]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<page-range>3273-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petrini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Taxonomy of endophytic fungi of aerial plant tissues]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fokkenna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heuvel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Van Den]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Microbiologyof the Phylosphere]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<page-range>175-87</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pretsch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nagl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schwendinger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kreiseder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wiederstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pretsch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Genov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wiesner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of endophytic fungi Talaromyces wortmannii extracts against acne-inducing bacteria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Plos One]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>9</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sasidharan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zuraini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Latha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suryani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fungicidal effect and oral acute toxicity of Psophocarpus tetragonolobus root extract]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pharmaceutical Biology]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<page-range>261-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Srivastava]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rawat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. K. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparative botanical and phytochemical evaluation of Calotropis procera Linn. and Calotropis gigantea Linn. Root]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>041-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spampinato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leonardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Candida infections, causes, targets, and resistance mechanisms: traditional and alternative antifungal agents]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BioMed Research International]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>204-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strobel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daisy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bioprospecting for microbial endophytes and their natural products]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Microbiology and Molecular Biology Review]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<page-range>491-502</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strobel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daisy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Natural products from endophytic microorganisms]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Natural Products]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<page-range>257-68</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tamura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peterson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peterson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stecher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Molecular Biology Evolution]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>2732-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Han]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Identification of an endophytic antifungal bacterial strain isolated from the rubber tree and its application in the biological control of Banana Fusarium Wilt]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Plos One]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>10</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tanaka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fukushima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tsujiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fujimori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nigrosporins A and B, new phytotoxic and antibacterial metabolites produced by a fungus Nigrospora oryzae]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<page-range>1848-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kharmar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strobel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chemical and functional diversity of natural products from plant associated endophytic fungi]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Natural Product Communication]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>1511-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vijayarathna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zakaria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Latha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kanwar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sasidharan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The antimicrobial efficacy of Elaeis guineensis: characterization, in vitro and in vivo studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Molecules]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>4860-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
