<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442017000301095</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rbt.v65i3.29441</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Interactions between different biological forms of aquatic macrophytes in a eutrophic tropical reservoir in Northeastern Brazil]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Interacciones entre las diferentes formas biológicas de los macrófitos acuáticos en un reservorio eutrófico tropical del Noreste de Brasil]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alves Lycarião]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Thainá]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wocyli Dantas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ênio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Recife ]]></addr-line>
<country>BR</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Estadual da Paraíba Centro de Ciências Biológicas e Sociais Aplicadas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[João Pessoa ]]></addr-line>
<country>BR</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>65</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>1095</fpage>
<lpage>1104</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442017000301095&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442017000301095&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442017000301095&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[AbstractThe aquatic plants and biological processes have different interactions and their knowledge may contribute to the understanding of environmental dynamics in wetlands. The aim of this study was to report the type of interactions that different biological forms of macrophytes stand in the eutrophic tropical reservoir of Penha reservoir, Northeastern Brazil. Data collection was captured every two months from October 2009 to October 2010, considering the hydrological cycle in one-year period. For this, twelve perpendicular transects (separated by 10 m) at the reservoir&#8217;s water edge were defined; each transect had two plots of 625 cm² (25 x 25 cm, separated by one meter) from which samples were obtained. Plants were collected and transported in identified plastic bags for subsequent quantification of the dry weight biomass; additionally, pressed samples were made in the field for identification purposes. The relative interaction index (RII) was used to identify the existence of positive and/or negative interactions between the biomass of the biological forms of aquatic plants. Student&#8217;s t-tests were used to analyze variations in the abiotic data and biomass over time, and to determine differences between the dry and rainy seasons. Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated to determine correlations between the biological forms and the biomass of the macrophytes, as well as environmental variables and RII. In the dry season, the environment was mainly composed of floating macrophytes (1 013.98 g/m²), with mats of submerged macrophytes (98.18 g/m²) that demonstrated a range of positive (RII= 1.0) to negative (RII= -0.2) interactions. The biomass of emergent macrophytes increased throughout the dry season (4.87 to 106.91 g/m²) due to the nurse plant effect that served as a substratum (RII= 1.0). During the rainy season the biomass of submerged macrophytes was reduced by 97 % due to direct and indirect relationships (RII= -1.0) to other macrophytes. Rainfall and emergent plants contributed to a reduction in the biomass of floating macrophytes (19.16 g/m²). The emergence of a third group of plants (emergent) lead floating plants to occupy other areas and excluded submerged plants. Overall, the interactions among plants within ecosystems were not definite due to stand composition and seasonality. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65 (3): 1095-1104. Epub 2017 September 01.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[ResumenEl conocimiento de las interacciones de las plantas acuáticas contribuye a la comprensión de la dinámica del ambiente (embalse Penha, Noreste Brasil). El objetivo del estudio fue reportar las posibles interacciones positivas y/o negativas que ocurren en los matorrales de macrófitos con distintos tipos de plantas, en un reservorio tropical eutrofizado. La recolección de los datos se hizo cada dos meses, desde Octubre 2009 hasta Octubre 2010, se consideró un ciclo hidrológico de un año. Fueron muestreados doce transectos perpendiculares a la orilla, separados 10 m entre ellos. En cada transecto se recolectaron dos cuadrículas de 625 cm² (25 x 25 cm) distantes 1 m uno del otro. Las plantas fueron retiradas y puestas en bolsas plásticas numeradas de acuerdo con el punto de recolección, para cuantificación del peso seco de la biomasa. En el campo se hizo el prensaje de las muestras para la identificación de las macrófitas. Se utilizó el índice relativo de interacciones (RII) para identificar la existencia de interacciones positivas y/o negativas entre las formas biológicas de las plantas acuáticas. Se uso el t Student para evaluar las variaciones de los datos abióticos y biomasa a lo largo del tiempo y determinar las diferencias entre las estaciones de lluvia y seca. Fueron calculados los coeficientes de correlación de Pearson y Spearman para determinar las correlaciones entre las formas biológicas y la biomasa de macrófitas, las variables ambientales y RII. En el período seco, el ambiente estaba compuesto principalmente por plantas flotantes (1 013.98 g/m²) y con la presencia de macrófitos sumergidos (98.18 g/m²), que demostraron interacciones variando de positivas (índice relativo de interacción - RII= 1.0) hasta negativas (RII= -0.2). La biomasa de macrófitos emersos aumentó a lo largo de la estación seca (4.87 to 106.91 g/m²) debido al efecto nodriza que sirve como substrato (RII= 1.0). En la estación lluviosa la biomasa de macrófitos sumergida se redujo 97 % debido a interacciones directas y indirectas (RII= -1.0) con otros macrófitos. La lluvia y los matorrales de plantas acuáticas contribuyen a la reducción en la biomasa de los macrófitos flotantes (19.16 g/m²). La aparición de un tercer grupo de plantas (emersas) llevan las flotantes a ocupar otros sitios y la exclusión de los macrófitos sumergidos. La interacción entre las plantas en el ecosistema evaluado no son rígidas debido a la composición de los matorrales y la estacionalidad.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[aquatic plants]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[biomass]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[nurse plants]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[relative interaction index]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[seasonality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[plantas acuáticas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[biomasa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[efecto nodriza]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[índice relativo de interacciones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estacionalidad]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A review of the impacts of invasive aquatic weeds on the bio-diversity of some tropical water bodies with special reference to Lake Victoria (Kenya)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aloo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ojwang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Omondi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nijiru]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oyugi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Biodiversity Journal]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>471-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interference competition and species coexistence]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amarasekare]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Science]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>269</volume>
<numero>1509</numero>
<issue>1509</issue>
<page-range>2541-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Measuring Plant Interactions: a New Comparative Index]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Armas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ordiales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pugnaire]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ecology]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>85</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>2682-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of organic matter additions to sediment in the growth of aquatic plants]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Ecology]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<page-range>161-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Positive interactions in communities]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bertness]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Callaway]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ecology and Evolution]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>191-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Macrófitas Aquáticas de um Lago Marginal ao Rio Embu - Mirim.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beyruth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Saúde Pública]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>272-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bianchini Jr.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Modelos de crescimento e decomposição de macrófitas aquáticas]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ecologia e manejo de macrófitas aquáticas]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<page-range>85-126</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Maringá, BR ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Eduem.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Growth of hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) royle under controlled conditions]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bianchini. Jr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cunha-Santino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Milan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. H. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Hydrobiologia]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>644</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>301-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Facilitation of clear-water conditions in shallow lakes by macrophytes: differences between charophytes and angiosperm dominance]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blindow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hargeby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hilt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Hydrobiologia]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>737</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>99-110</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interactions between freshwater snails and tadpoles: Competition and facilitation]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brönmark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rundle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erlandsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Oecologia]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>87</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>8-18</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Beyond competition: Incorporating positive interactions between species to predict ecosystem invisibility]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bulleri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benneditti-Cecchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS Biology]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>e162</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Callaway]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Positive interactions and interdependence in plant communities]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[The Netherlands, NL ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Competition and Facilitation: a synthetic approach to interactions in plant communities]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Callaway]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ecology]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>78</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>1958-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camargo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. F. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henry-Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pezzato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Crescimento e produção primária de macrófitas aquáticas em zonas litorâneas]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ecótonos nas interfaces dos ecossistemas aquáticos]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<page-range>213-32</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Carlos, BR ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fundibio/ Rima.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Species diversity enhances ecosystem functioning through interspecific facilitation]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardinale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>415</volume>
<numero>6870</numero>
<issue>6870</issue>
<page-range>426-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[On the prevalence and relative importance of interspecific competition: evidence from field experiments.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Connell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[American Naturalist]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>122</volume>
<page-range>661-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The control of floating macrophytes by grass carp in net cages: experiments in two tropical hydroelectric reservoirs]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domingues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Starling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. L. R. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loureiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Souza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Branco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aquaculture Research]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Macrófitas aquáticas das regiões dos lagos do Amapá, Brasil.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. V. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Senna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. S. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tostes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. C. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. R. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Brasileira Biociências]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>^sS2</numero>
<issue>^sS2</issue>
<supplement>S2</supplement>
<page-range>618-620.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Submerged macrophyte zonation in a Mediterranean salt marsh: A facilitation effect from established helophytes?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toja]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Vegetation Science]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>831-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esteves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fundamentos de Limnologia]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Rio de Janeiro, BR ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Interciência]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Facilitation of tree saplings by nurse: Microhabitat amelioration or protection against herbivores?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Aparicio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zamora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hódar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Vegetation Science]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>161-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Richness and distribution of aquatic macrophytes in Brazilian semi-arid aquatic ecosystems]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henry-Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. S. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dantas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. L. O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>147-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The interplay of facilitation and competition in plant communities]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holmgren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scheffer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ecology]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>78</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>1966-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las macrófitas de algunos lagos alto-andinos Del Ecuador y su bajo potencial como bioindicadores de eutrofización]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kiersch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mühleck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gunkel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>829-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Indirect facilitation promotes macrophytes survival and growth in freshwater ecosystems threatened by eutrophication.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Le Bagousse-pinguet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. L. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liancourt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Straile]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Ecology]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>100</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>530-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Flora da Bahia: Cabombaceae]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giulietti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. A. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sitientibus série Ciências Biológicas]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>61-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Monitoramento da composição específica da comunidade de macrófitas aquáticas no reservatório Luis Eduardo Magalhães]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lolis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Planta Daninha]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>247-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Response of emergent macrophytes to experimental nutrient and salinity additions]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rejmankova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Functional Ecology]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>478-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Macrófitas aquáticas da lagoa de Jijoca de Jericoacoara, Ceará, Brasil]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nunes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Botanica Brasilica]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>623-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Competition as a mechanism of submersed macrophyte community structure]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCreary]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aquatic Botany]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<page-range>177-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The structuring role of free-floating versus submerged plants in a subtropical shallow lake]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meerhoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazzeo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Gallego]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aquatic Ecology]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>377-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aquatic macrophytes in the large, sub-tropical Itaipu Reservoir, Brazil]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mormul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Michelan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carvalho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Troprical]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1437-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Factors affecting abundance and distribution of submerged and floating macrophyes in Lake Naivasha, Kenya]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ngari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kinyamario]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ntiba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MavutI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[African Journal of Ecology]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<page-range>32-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Variação temporal da biomassa de duas espécies de macrófitas aquáticas em uma lagoa do rio Mogi-Guaçu (SP)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nogueira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. B. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esteves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>617-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Experimental evidence of the dynamic effect of free-floating plants on phytoplankton ecology]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O&#8217;Farrell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinto-Tezanos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. de]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chaparro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pizarro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Freshwater Biology]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>363-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Capacidade de regeneração de Egeria densa nos reservatórios de Paulo Afonso, BA]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. M. B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sampaio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. V. S. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. M. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moura-Júnior]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Planta Daninha]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>363-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pompêo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. L. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moschini-Carlos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Macrófitas aquáticas e perifíton: aspectos ecológicos e metodológicos]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Carlos, BR ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[RiMa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Plantas aquáticas do Pantanal]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Brasilía, BR ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[EMBRAPA Comunicação para transferência de Tecnologia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>R Development Core Team</collab>
<source><![CDATA[A language and environment for statistical computing]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Vienna, Austria ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[R Foundatition for statistical computing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Levantamento de plantas daninhas aquáticas no reservatório de Alagados, Ponta Grossa, PR]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rocha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Planta Daninha]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<page-range>237-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Shallow lakes thory revisited: various alternative regimes driven by climate, nutrients, depth and lake size]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scheffer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Nes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Hydrobiologia]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>584</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>455-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A família Nymphaeaceae no estado do Ceará, Brasil]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rodriguésia]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>49-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Drivers of aquatic macrophytes community structure in a Neotropical riverine lake]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. T. Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murphy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Oecologica]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>462-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fatores que afetam a distribuição e o desenvolvimento de macrófitas aquáticas em reservatório: uma análise em diferentes escalas]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nogueira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jorcin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ecologia de reservatório: impactos potenciais, ações de manejo e sistema cascata]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<page-range>165-81</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Carlos, BR ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[RiMa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A simple equation for describing the temperature dependent growth of free-floating macrophytes]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van der Heide]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roijackers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. M. M. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Nes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peeters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. T. H. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aquatic Botany]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>84</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>171-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wetzel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Limnology: lake and river ecosystems]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San Diego, CA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academic Press.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
