<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442017000200735</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rbt.v65i2.25948</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[High selfing capability and low pollinator visitation in the hummingbird-pollinated epiphyte Pitcairnia heterophylla (Bromeliaceae) at a Costa Rican mountain forest]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Alta capacidad de autofecundación y baja visitación de polinizadores en la epífita polinizada por colibríes Pitcairnia heterophylla (Bromeliaceae) en un bosque montano en Costa Rica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ríos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cascante-Marín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alfredo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Escuela de Biología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Pedro de Montes de Oca San José]]></addr-line>
<country>CR</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>65</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>735</fpage>
<lpage>743</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442017000200735&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442017000200735&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442017000200735&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[AbstractPitcairnioideae is the second most diverse subfamily of bromeliads (Bromeliaceae), a group exclusive to tropical regions of the New World. Pitcairnioid bromeliads have floral traits assumed to promote outcrossing through biotic pollination systems; however, the reproductive biology of most of the species of this group has not been documented. Pitcairnia heterophylla is an epiphytic (seldom saxicolous) bromeliad occurring from Southern Mexico, into the Northern Andes. We studied the pollination and breeding system of P. heterophylla in an epiphytic population at a mountain forest in Costa Rica from January to April 2013. We performed hand pollination experiments (agamospermy, autonomous self-pollination, hand self-pollination and hand cross-pollination) on 89 flowers from 23 individuals (3-6 flowers per individual) in 2013 flowering season. Nectar production was measured on 18 unvisited flowers of six individuals with a hand-held refractometer. Simultaneously, floral visitors were recorded on eight individuals with trail cameras for a total of 918 hours (115 ± 52 hours per individual, mean ± SE). Under natural conditions, seed set (540.4 ± 55.2) was similar to manually selfed flowers (516.3 ± 41.5) and autonomously selfed flowers (521.1 ± 29.0), but lower to manually outcrossed flowers (670.2 ± 31.3). The flowers of P. heterophylla are self-compatible, capable of autonomous pollination, and non-agamospermous. Intrafloral self-pollination is facilitated by adichogamy and lack of floral herkogamy. The scentless red flowers of P. heterophylla with tubular corollas and nectar production suggested ornithophilic pollination which was confirmed by video recording of 46 hummingbird visits. The most common floral visitor was the short-billed hummingbird Lampornis calolaemus which accounted for 78 % of the visits. However, the visitation rate during the flowering season was low (0.6 visits per day per plant). Selfing in P. heterophylla might be explained as a mechanism of reproductive assurance and to reduce interspecific pollen flow with taxonomically unrelated plants.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[ResumenLa subfamilia Pitcairnioideae es la segunda más diversa de las bromelias (Bromeliaceae), un grupo exclusivo de la región Neotropical. Las bromelias pitcairnioideas poseen rasgos florales que se asume promueven el exo-cruzamiento a través de sistemas de polinización biótica; sin embargo, la biología reproductiva de la mayoría de especies de este grupo no se ha documentado. Pitcairnia heterophylla es una bromelia epífita (raramente saxícola) que se encuentra en el sur de México, América Central y el norte de los Andes. Se estudió la polinización y el sistema de apareamiento de una población P. heterophylla en un bosque montano en Costa Rica entre enero y abril 2013. Se realizaron cuatro experimentos de polinización (agamospermia, auto-polinización espontánea, auto-polinización manual, exo-polinización manual) en 89 flores de 23 individuos (3-6 flores por individuo). Se cuantificó la producción de néctar de 18 flores en seis individuos con un refractómetro. Simultáneamente, se registraron los visitantes florales de ocho individuos en el campo con ayuda de cámaras trampa por un total de 918 horas (115 ± 52 horas por individuo, promedio ± ES). Bajo condiciones naturales la producción de semillas fue similar (540.4 ± 55.2) a la producción de las flores auto-polinizadas manualmente (516.3 ± 41.5) y las flores auto-polinizadas espontáneamente (521.1 ± 29.0), pero fue menor a las flores exo-cruzadas (670.2 ± 31.3). Las flores de P. heterophylla son auto-compatibles, con alta capacidad de polinización espontánea y sin capacidad de agamospermia. La auto-polinización intra-floral es facilitada por la ausencia de dicogamia y hercogamia floral. Las flores rojas, sin aroma, con corola tubular y con producción de néctar sugirieron polinización por ornitofilia, lo que se confirmó con el registro de 46 visitas por colibríes (Apodiformes: Trochilidae). El visitante floral más común fue Lampornis calolaemus (78 % de las visitas). A pesar de esto, la tasa de visitas durante el periodo de estudio fue baja (0.6 visitas por día por planta). La capacidad de autofecundación de P. heterophylla puede ser explicada como un mecanismo de aseguramiento reproductivo, así como para reducir el flujo de polen inter-específico de plantas taxonómicamente no relacionadas.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[breeding system]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hummingbird pollination]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[specialized pollination]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[reproductive assurance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[selfing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[autogamy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pitcairnioideae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sistema de apareamiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[polinización por colibríes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[polinización especializada]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[aseguramiento reproductivo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[autofecundación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[autogamia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Pitcairnioideae]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Coping with the epiphytic existence: pollination strategies]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ackerman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Selbyana]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>52-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bates]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maechler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bolker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Statistical Software]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benzing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Bromeliaceae: profile of an adaptive radiation]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<edition>1st ed</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Breeding systems of epiphytes in a tropical montane wet forest.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bush]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Selbyana]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>155-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Early autonomous selfing in the hummingbird-pollinated epiphyte Pitcairnia brittoniana (Bromeliaceae)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bush]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guilbeau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>136</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>313-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reproductive strategies and colonizing ability of two sympatric epiphytic bromeliads in a tropical premontane area]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cascante-Marín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. De]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oostermeijer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. G. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wolf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. H. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[den Nijs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C. M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Plant Sciences]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>167</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1187-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure of an epiphytic bromeliad in Costa Rican montane secondary forest patches]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cascante-Marín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oostermeijer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wolf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuchs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Biotropica]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>425-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evolution of plant breeding systems]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Charlesworth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Current Biology]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>17</numero>
<issue>17</issue>
<page-range>R726-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eckert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Samis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reproductive assurance and the evolution of uniparental reproduction in flowering plants]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. C. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ecology and Evolution of Flowers]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<page-range>181-203</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faegri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van der Pijl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Principles of Pollinaton Ecology]]></source>
<year>1979</year>
<edition>3rd ed</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London, UK ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pergamon Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ecological interactions between plants and hummingbirds in a successional tropical community]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feinsinger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ecological Monographs]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>269-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Do tropical bird-pollinated plants exhibit density-dependent interactions? field experiments]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feinsinger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tiebout]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.M. III]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Young]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ecology]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1953-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reproductive assurance and the evolution of pollination specialization]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fenster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martén-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Plant Sciences]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>168</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>215-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Relative pollination effectiveness of floral visitors of Pitcairnia angustifolia (Bromeliaceae)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fumero-Cabán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meléndez-Ackerman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of Botany]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>94</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>419-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of nectar robbing on pollinator behavior and plant reproductive success of Pitcairnia angustifolia (Bromeliaceae).]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fumero-Cabán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meléndez-Ackerman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Plant Species Biology]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>224-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Phylogeny, adaptive radiation, and historical biogeography of Bromeliaceae inferred from ndhF sequence data]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Givnish]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Millam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sytsma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aliso]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<page-range>3-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The evolutionary enigma of mixed mating systems in plans: occurrence, theoretical explanations, and empirical evidence]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goodwillie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalisz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eckert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>47-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reproductive systems and evolution in vascular plant]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holsinger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>97</volume>
<numero>13</numero>
<issue>13</issue>
<page-range>7037-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Simultaneous inference in general parametric models]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hothorn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bretz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Westfall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Biometrical Journal]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>346-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The evolution of inbreeding in plants]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics]]></source>
<year>1976</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>469-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Synchronization of sexual reproduction of trees within the dry season in Central America]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janzen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Evolution]]></source>
<year>1967</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>620-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nectar sugar composition and concentration in relation to pollination syndromes in Bromeliaceae]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krömer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kessler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lohaus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmidt-Lebuhn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Plant Biology]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>502-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Competition for pollinator service: a stimulus for the evolution of autogamy]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Evolution]]></source>
<year>1972</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>668-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Self- and cross-fertilization in plants. II. The selection of self-fertilization]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lloyd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Plant Biology]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>153</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>370-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Self- and Cross- fertilization in Plants]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lloyd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schoen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Plant Sciences]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>153</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>358-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Breeding systems of Bromeliaceae species: evolution of selfing in the context of sympatric occurrence]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matallana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Godinho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guilherme]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. A. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belisario]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wendt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Plant Systematics and Evolution]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>289</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>57-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>R Development Core Team</collab>
<source><![CDATA[R: A language and environment for statistical computing]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Vienna ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[R Foundation for Statistical Computing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reproductive biology of a tropical palm swamp community in the Venezuelan Llanos]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of Botany]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1260-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[It takes two to tango: self incompatibility in the bromeliad Tillandsia streptophylla (Bromeliaceae) in Mexico]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Morillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chi-May]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carnevali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[May-Pat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>761-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The evolution of CAM in the subfamily Pitcairnioideae (Bromeliaceae)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reinert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Russo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Biological Journal of the Linnean Society]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>80</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>261-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Diversidad de plantas, mamíferos y mariposas en los Cerros de la Carpintera, Costa Rica.]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Museo Nacional de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pitcairnioideae (Bromeliaceae)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Downs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Flora Neotropica]]></source>
<year>1974</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-609</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ecology flowering phenology, and hummingbird pollination of some Costa Rican Heliconia species]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stiles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ecology]]></source>
<year>1975</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>285-301</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reproductive biology and natural hybridization between two endemic species of Pitcairnia (Bromeliaceae)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wendt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Canela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gelli de Faria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of Botany]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>88</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1760-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Selfing facilitates reproductive isolation among three sympatric species of Pitcairnia (Bromeliaceae).]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wendt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Canela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. B. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Plant Systematics and Evolution]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>232</volume>
<page-range>201-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Willmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pollination and Floral Ecology]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New Jersey ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Princeton University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The systematic distribution of vascular epiphytes - a critical update]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zotz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>171</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>453-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
