<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442017000200623</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rbt.v65i2.25500</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Objectively measuring subjectively described traits: geographic variation in body shape and caudal coloration pattern within Vieja melanura (Teleostei: Cichlidae)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Midiendo objetivamente caracteres subjetivos: variación geográfica en la forma del cuerpo y patrones de coloración caudal de la especie Vieja melanura (Teleostei: Cichlidae).]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McMahan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Caleb D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kutz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Justin]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christopher M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chakrabarty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Prosanta]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Geheber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Aaron D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elías]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diego]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,The Field Museum of Natural History  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Chicago IL]]></addr-line>
<country>US</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Louisiana State University LSU Museum of Natural Science Department of Biological Sciences]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>US</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Tennessee Tech University Department of Biological Sciences ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cookeville TN]]></addr-line>
<country>US</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Central Missouri Department of Biology and Agriculture ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Warrensburg MO]]></addr-line>
<country>US</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>65</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>623</fpage>
<lpage>631</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442017000200623&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442017000200623&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442017000200623&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[AbstractVieja melanura is a Neotropical cichlid occurring in the Petén-lake district systems of Guatemala, as well as the Río Grijalva-Usumacinta basin, and other systems in Southern México, Belize, and Guatemala. A caudal stripe, extending forward from the caudal peduncle, is characteristic of this species. This stripe is sloped downward in nearly all individuals of V. melanura, but the degree of the slope is highly variable throughout its range. The slope and shape of the stripe has previously been used in diagnosing and differentiating between species of Vieja. The purpose of this study was to use objective methods to investigate morphological variation in the caudal stripe and body shape throughout the range of V. melanura. We studied geometric morphometric analyses of body shape and empirical measurements of the slope of the caudal stripe in 215 specimens ofV. melanura. We also used the mitochondrial cytochrome b marker to study population level patterns within V. melanura. Results from our analyses showed significant geographic variation in body shape and patterns of coloration with little mitochondrial phylogeographic structure. These patterns likely correspond to differences in riverine habitats throughout the species&#8217; distribution. In conclusion, these results can be used to inform other studies of color and shape variation as it applies to taxonomy and systematics.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[ResumenViejamelanura es un cíclido neotropical (subfamilia Cichlinae; tribu Heroini) que se encuentra en los lagos del distrito de Péten en Guatemala, así como en la Cuenca del Río Grijalva-Usumacinta, y otros sistemas acuáticos en el sur de México, Belice y Guatemala. Una banda oscura que se extiende desde el pedúnculo caudal hacia la porción anterior del mismo es característica de esta especie. Esta banda está inclinada hacia abajo en casi todos los individuos de V. melanura, pero el grado de inclinación es altamente variable a lo largo del rango de distribución de la especie. La pendiente y forma de la banda se ha utilizado anteriormente como carácter diagnóstico entre especies del género Vieja. El propósito de este estudio fue investigar la variación morfológica en la forma del cuerpo y en los patrones de coloración de la banda caudal a lo largo del rango de distribución de V. melanura utilizando métodos objetivos. Analizamos la forma del cuerpo utilizando morfometría geométrica, medimos empíricamente la pendiente de la banda caudal en 215 especimenes. Finalmente evaluamos si existen patrones de estructura genética a nivel de poblaciones utilizando el marcador mitocondrial Citocromo b a lo largo del rango de distribución de V. melanura. Nuestros resultados muestran que la forma del cuerpo y los patrones de coloración de la banda caudal varian significantemente a lo largo del rango de distribución de V. melanura pero presenta poca estructura filogeografica. Estos patrones pueden ser explicados plausiblemente por diferencias en los hábitats riverinos presentes a lo largo del rango de distribución de la especie. En conclusión estos resultados se pueden utilizar como referencia en otros trabajos de taxonomía y sistemática que investiguen variación en la forma del cuerpo y patrones de coloracion en peces neotropicales.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[fish]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[morphometrics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cichlid]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Central America]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[geography]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pez]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[morfometría]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cíclido]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[América Central]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[geografía]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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