<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442016000200733</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rbt.v64i2.18584</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Endophytic fungi from tropical ethnoveterinary plants and their antibacterial efficacy against Pasteurella multocida Capsular Type A strain]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Hongos endófitos de plantas tropicales etnoveterinarias y su eficacia antibacteriana contra cepas capsulares de Pasteurella multocida tipo A.]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Archana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joshi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Santa Ram]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,North-Eastern Hill University Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Microbiology Laboratory]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Shillong]]></addr-line>
<country>IN</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>64</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>733</fpage>
<lpage>745</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442016000200733&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442016000200733&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442016000200733&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[AbstractPasteurella multocida is an important veterinary pathogen causing infections in animals and birds. Nowadays, different reports have described the severity of infections, increasing resistance of micro-organisms to antibiotics, and the contribution of ethnoveterinary practices towards the treatment of various ailments of animals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of the ethanolic extracts of endophytic fungi against P. multocida Capsular Type A strains. A total of six endophytic fungi were isolated from two tropical ethnoveterinary plants: Garcinia xanthochymus H. and Polygonum chinense L. The ethanolic extracts of the endophytic fungi were subjected to in vitro antimicrobial activity by the well diffusion method. Besides, we evaluated the treatment of mice with the potent fungal extract and observed the effects in different organs under electron microscopy. Our results showed that four fungi had antimicrobial activity against the selected pathogen. The best antibacterial activity was showed by the extract of the endophytic fungi, Glomerella magna isolated from G. xanthochymus, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 46.9 µg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration of 750 µg/mL. Treatment of mice with the potent fungal extract caused a considerable inhibitory effect on the pathogen growth in vital organs, results that was also confirmed by histopathological studies made by scanning electron microscopy. The present findings indicated that the endophytic fungi G. magna has the potential to provide an effective treatment against infections caused by Pasteurella multocida. However, the isolation of bioactive components needs further investigation. Rev. Biol. Trop. 64 (2): 733-745. Epub 2016 June 01.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[ResumenPasteurella multocida es un importante patógeno veterinario que causa infecciones en animales y aves. Hoy en día, diferentes informes han descrito la gravedad de las infecciones, aumentando la resistencia de los microorganismos a los antibióticos, y la contribución de las prácticas etnoveterinarias hacia el tratamiento de diversas enfermedades de los animales. El objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar la eficacia antibacteriana de los extractos etanólicos de hongos endófitos contra cepas de P. multocida tipo capsular A. Un total de seis hongos endófitos fueron aisladas de dos plantas etnoveterinarias tropicales: Garcinia xanthochymus H. y Polygonum chinense L. Los extractos etanólicos de los hongos endófitos fueron sometidos a la actividad antimicrobiana in vitro por el método de difusión. Además, se evaluó el tratamiento de ratones con el extracto de hongos potente y observamos los efectos en diferentes órganos bajo el microscopio electrónico. Nuestros resultados mostraron que cuatro hongos tenían actividad antimicrobiana contra el patógeno seleccionado. La mejor actividad antibacteriana la mostró el extracto de los hongos endófitos, Glomerella magna aislado de G. xanthochymus, con una concentración inhibitoria mínima de 46.9 mg/ml y la concentración bactericida mínima de 750 mg/ml. El tratamiento de ratones con el extracto de hongos potente causó un considerable efecto inhibidor sobre el crecimiento de patógenos en órganos vitales, resultados que también fueron confirmados por estudios histopatológicos realizados por microscopía electrónica de barrido. Los presentes hallazgos indican que el hongos endófitos G. magna tienen el potencial de proporcionar un tratamiento eficaz contra las infecciones causadas por Pasteurella multocida. Sin embargo, el aislamiento de componentes bioactivos necesita más investigación.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[plantas etnoveterinarias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[hongos endófitos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[antibacterianos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Pasteurella multocida]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[microscopía electrónica de barrido]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ethnoveterinary plants]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[endophytic fungi]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[antibacterial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pasteurella multocida]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[scanning electron microscopy]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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