<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442015000600285</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rbt.v63i2.23163</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Gametogenesis and weight change of body organs of the sea cucumber Holothuria (Halodeima) grisea (Aspidochirotida: Holothuriidae) in Southern Brazil]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Aspectos reproductivos y la relación entre los órganos y la gametogénesis en Holothuria (Halodeima) grisea (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Lima Bueno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maristela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcia Tavares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yara Aparecida]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Domenico]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maikon]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borges]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Campinas Zoological Museum &#8220;Prof. Dr. Adão José Cardoso&#8221; Institute of Biology]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Campinas São Paulo]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Campinas Institute of Biology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Campinas São Paulo]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Paraná Department of Biological Sciences ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Paranaguá Paraná]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>63</volume>
<fpage>285</fpage>
<lpage>296</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442015000600285&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442015000600285&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442015000600285&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The sea cucumber Holothuria (Halodeima) grisea is a widely distributed and economically important species that has been harvested in Brazil for several years, where there are no studies on its reproduction. We studied a population near Guaratuba Bay in Southern Brazil. Four sampling campaigns were made, in February, April, June and October 2008. We examined the macroscopic and microscopic features of the gonads to describe the gametogenesis. In addition, we analyzed the weight change of body organs. A total of 94 individuals were examined and no evidence of external sexual dimorphism was found. In April there were more males than females. Biometrically the body wall and gonads are the most important organs. The body wall increases in the June and the gonads during October and February; there might be an exchange of energy between these organs. Mature gonads are elongated and thick (red in females, cream in males). There were mature individuals year round, with an increase of sexual activity in February when oocyte mature diameter ranges from 70 to 160 µm. Spawning was in winter (June). Maturation period and body component variations were similar between sexes. Rev. Biol. Trop. 63 (Suppl. 2): 285-296. Epub 2015 June 01.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El pepino de mar Holothuria (Halodeima) grisea es una especie ampliamente distribuida y económicamente importante que se ha recolectado en Brasil desde hace varios años. No hay estudios previos realizados sobre la reproducción de esta especie en Brasil. Además, son aún poco conocidos los aspectos bio-ecológicos de esta especie. En este estudio, se investigaron algunos aspectos de la reproducción del pepino de mar Holothuria (Halodeima) grisea en una población cerca de la bahía de Guaratuba en el sur de Brasil. Se hicieron cuatro salidas de muestreo, en febrero, abril, junio y octubre de 2008, abarcando las cuatro estaciones. Examinamos las características macroscópicas y microscópicas de las gónadas para describir la gametogénesis, adicionalmente, se analizó el cambio de peso de cada componente de los órganos del cuerpo (pared corporal, gónadas, sistema haemal, tracto digestivo y árbol respiratorio). Se examinó un total de 94 individuos y no se encontraron evidencias de dimorfismo sexual externo. Los resultados del análisis estadístico de la prueba x² rechazan la hipótesis nula (H0) con una relación de sexos igual a 1, sin embargo, el análisis de cada mes, esta diferencia de género se observó sólo en el mes de abril, cuando el número de los males es mucho mayor que la de las hembras. Las medidas biométricas mostraron que la pared del cuerpo y las gónadas son los órganos más importantes, con aumentos de la pared corporal en el junio y de las gónadas durante octubre y febrero, que pueden indicar que hay un intercambio de energía entre estos órganos. Macroscópicamente, las gónadas maduras muestran túbulos largos, gruesos y ramificados siendo que las hembras presentan coloración rojiza e los machos tonos de crema. Sin embargo, durante el crecimiento y agotado, no se observaron diferencias morfológicas macroscópicas entre los sexos. Microscópicamente, se observó la presencia constante de individuos maduros entre meses, con un aumento de la actividad sexual en febrero, cuando los ovocitos maduros tuvieron un diámetro oscila entre 70 a 160 &#956;. El período de desove ocurrió en los meses de invierno (junio). El periodo de maduración y la variación del cuerpo de los componentes fueron similares entre los sexos. La similitud en las demandas metabólicas de la población podría estar confirmando una estrategia para maximizar la sincronía reproductiva.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[reproduction]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sea cucumber]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gonad index]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[histology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[spawning]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[rocky shore]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Gametogénesis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[índice gonadal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pepino de mar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desove]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[costa rocosa]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdel-Razek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdel-Rahman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[El-Shimy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Omar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reproductive Biology of the tropical sea cucumber Holothuria atra (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) in the red sea coast of Egypt]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<page-range>383-402</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benavides]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toral-Granda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Holothuria grisea]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Switzerland ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Battaglene]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seymour]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramofafia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Spawning induction of three tropical sea cucumbers: Holothuria scabra, H. fuscogilva and Actinopyga mauritana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aquaculture]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>207</volume>
<page-range>29-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alexander]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reproductive cycles of tropical sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) in southern Taiwan]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Marine Biology]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>122</volume>
<page-range>289-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Conand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reproductive biology of the holothurian from the major communities of the New Caledonian Lagoon]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Marine Biology]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>116</volume>
<page-range>439-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Despalatovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grubelic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simunovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Antolic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zuljevic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reproductive biology of the holothurian Holothuria tubulosa (Echinodermata) in the Adriatic Sea]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>84</volume>
<page-range>409-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Drumm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loneragan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reproductive Biology of Holothuria leucospilota in the Cook Island and the implications of the traditional fishing of gonads on the population]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<page-range>141-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ebert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernandez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Russell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Problems of the gonad index and what can be done: analysis of the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Marine Biology]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>158</volume>
<page-range>47-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghobadyan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morovvati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghazvineh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tavassolpour]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An investigation of the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of gonadal tubules in the sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota (Persian Gulf, Iran)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<page-range>6-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparative physiology: Annual reproductive cycles of marine invertebrates]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annual Review of Physiology]]></source>
<year>1959</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>547-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Physiology of the echinoderm body wall.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Thalassia jugoslavica]]></source>
<year>1976</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>153-163.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzmán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guevara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernandez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reproductive Cycle of Two Commercial Species of Sea Cucumber (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from Caribbean Panama]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Marine Biology]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>142</volume>
<page-range>271-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hadel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monteiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ditadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. S. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tiago]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tommasi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Invertebrados Marinhos: Echinodermata]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bicudo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. E. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Biodiversidade do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil: síntese ao conhecimento ao final do século XX]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<page-range>5-10</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[FAPESP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Himmelman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dufresne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gametogenesis and spawning of the sea cucumber Psolus fabricii (Duben and Koren)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biology Bulletin]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>184</volume>
<page-range>125-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mercier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Spawning of the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa in the Stª Lawrence Estuary, eastern Canada]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[S.P.C. Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>12-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harriot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sexual and asexual reproduction of Holothuria atra Jaeger at Heron Island Reef, Great Barrier Reef]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Australian Museum Memoir]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>53-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hendler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pawson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sea Stars, Sea Urchins and Allies: Echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Smithsonian Institution Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoareau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Conand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sexual reproduction of Stichopus chloronotus, a fissiparous sea cucumber, on Reunion Island, Indian Ocean]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[S.P.C. Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>4-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Echinodermata: Crinoidea]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pearse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pearse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<page-range>247-99</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[California ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The Boxwood Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hyman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Invertebrates: The Echinodermata]]></source>
<year>1955</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw-Hill Book Company]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jespersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lutzen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[On the ecology of the Aspidochirote sea cucumber Stichopus tremulus (Gunnerus)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Norwegian Journal of Zoology]]></source>
<year>1971</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>117-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Knoppers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brandini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thamm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ecological estudies in the Bay of Parana II, Some physical and chemical characteristics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nerítica]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>1-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The subtropical estuarine complex of Paranaguá Bay, Brazil]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seeliger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lacerda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kjerfve]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Coastal Marine Ecosystems of Latin America]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<page-range>131-45</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Berlin ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer Verlag]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lawrence]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Carbohydrate and lipid levels in the intestine of Holothuria atra (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pacific Science]]></source>
<year>1972</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>114-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lawrence]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Functional Biology of Echinoderms]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Baltimore ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Johns Hopkins University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lawrence]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The utilization of nutrients by post-metamorphic echinoderms]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jangoux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lawrence]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Echinoderm Nutrition]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<page-range>331-76</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Rotterdam ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Balkema]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leite]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Junior]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. de S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nascimento]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Souza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. E. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vanderley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. S. B. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mercier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Reproductive seasonality of Holothuria grisea in northeastern Brazil.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 7thNorth American Echinoderm Conference]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. P. N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ventura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. R. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos-Creasey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Gonad morphology and gametogenesis of the sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus from southeast Brazil]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 6thEuropean Conference on Echinoderms]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>301-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Noernberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lautert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andreoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hydrodynamic of Guaratuba Bay, PR, Brazil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Coastal Research]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<page-range>1879-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ventura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. R. R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ciclo gametônico do pepino-do-mar Holothuria (Halodeima) grisea (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 2thLatin American Congress of Echinoderms]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marenzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. W. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Domenico]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Population patterns and seasonal observations on density and distribution of Holothuria grisea (Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida) on the Santa Catarina Coast, Brazil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<page-range>5-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mercier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baillon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lunar rhythms in the deep sea: Evidence from the reproductive periodicity of several marine invertebrates]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Biological Rhythms]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>82-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pawson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ecology of Holothurians]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boolootian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Physiology of Echinodermata]]></source>
<year>1966</year>
<page-range>233-68</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Interscience Publishers]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pawson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Phylum Echinodermata]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Zootaxa]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>1668</volume>
<page-range>749-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lawrence]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Protein, carbohydrate and lipid levels of the adult body wall of Actinopyga agassizi, Synaptula hydriformis and Pentacta pygmaea (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology]]></source>
<year>1976</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<page-range>307-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Purwati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luong-Van]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sexual reproduction in a fissiparous holothurian species, Holothuria leucospilota Clark, 1920 (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>33-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramofafia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Byrne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Battaglene]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reproductive biology of the commercial sea cucumber Holothuria fuscogilva in the Solomon Islands]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Marine Biology]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>136</volume>
<page-range>1045-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rasolofonirina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vaitilingon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eeckhaut]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jangoux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reproductive cycle of edible echinoderms from the South-Western Indian Ocean]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>61-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shiell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uthicke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reproduction of the commercial sea cucumber Holothuria whitmaei (Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida) in the Indian and Pacific Ocean regions of Australia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Marine Biology]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>148</volume>
<page-range>973-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simunovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grubelic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A contribution to the knowledge of the species Holothuria tubulosa Gmelin, 1788 (Holothuria, Echinodermata) in the coastal area of the central eastern Adriatic]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Adriatica]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<page-range>13-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smiley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McEuen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chaffee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krishnan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Echinodermata: Holothuroidea]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pearse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pearse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<page-range>663-750</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[California ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Boxwood Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tommasi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lista dos Holothuroidea recentes do Brasil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Contribuições Avulsas do Instituto Oceanográfico]]></source>
<year>1969</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>1-29</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidade de São Paulo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uthicke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The seasonality of asexual reproduction in Holothuria (Halodeima) atra, Holothuria (Halodeima) edulis and Stichopus chloronotus (Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida) on the Great Barrier Reef]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Marine Biology]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>129</volume>
<page-range>435-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uthicke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benzie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ballment]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Genetic structure of fissiparous populations of Holothuria (Halodeima) atra on the Great Barrier Reef]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Marine Biology]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>132</volume>
<page-range>141-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Biostatistical Analysis]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New Jersey ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Prentice Hall]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
