<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442015000600243</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rbt.v63i2.23158</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The reproductive cycle of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) in southern Brazil]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Ciclo reproductive de Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck, 1819) (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) en el sur de Brasil]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tavares Garcia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yara Aparecida]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borzone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Paraná State Department of Biological Sciences ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Paranaguá Paraná]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Paraná Marine Studies Center ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Pontal do Paraná Paraná]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>63</volume>
<fpage>243</fpage>
<lpage>250</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442015000600243&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442015000600243&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442015000600243&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck) is a common echinoid found on the Atlantic coast of America from North Carolina to southern Brazil and their populations inhabit sub littoral shallow-water environments. This research examined some aspects of reproduction in the southern limit of distribution of the species. A total of 86 adult individuals of L. variegatus (50.8 to 77.0 mm test diameter) were manually collected from September 2000 to September 2001 along the unconsolidated bottoms at the eurihaline sector of Paranaguá Bay (48° 19&#8217; W - 25° 35&#8217; S) for histological characterization of gametogenesis, sex ratio and gonadal index (GI) evaluation. This population showed a synchronicity in maturation and spawning events (autumn and winter respectively), with a 1:1 sex ratio (&#967;2 = 2.57, df = 7, p &lt; 0.05). The GI increase was associated with storage of nutritional resources periods (resting stages and proliferation) that occurred between late winter and spring. Biometric analyzes indicated a greater investment in size and/or quantity of gametes between late spring and summer, when it was possible to observe mature sperm occupying on average 63.9 % of the follicular lumen and oocytes reaching values of 70.0 to 75.0 &#956;m. Mature oocyte mean size is the highest diameter of those developed by other regular echinoids in the same latitude. However, the average diameter of mature oocytes of L. variegatus in the southern limit of its distribution was lower than the values recorded for the northern hemisphere. Rev. Biol. Trop. 63 (Suppl. 2): 243-250. Epub 2015 June 01.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck) es un equinoide común en la costa atlántica de América, desde Carolina del Norte, Estados Unidos, al sur del Brasil y sus poblaciones habitan ambientes sublitorales de aguas someras. Este trabajo examina algunos aspectos de la reproducción en el límite sur de distribución de la especie. Un total de 86 individuos adultos (50.8 a 77.0 mm de diámetro de testa) fueron colectados manualmente de septiembre de 2000 a setiembre de 2001, en fondos blandos del sector eurihalino de la bahía de Paranaguá (48° 19&#8217; W - 25° 35&#8217; S), para caracterización histológica, proporción de sexos y evaluación del índice gonadal (IG). La población exhibió sincronización en los eventos de maduración y liberación de gametos (otoño e invierno, respectivamente), con una proporción de sexos de 1:1 (&#967;2 = 2.57, df = 7, p &lt; 0.05). El aumento del IG estuvo asociado a periodos de acumulación de recursos nutricionales (estadios de reposo y proliferación) que ocurrieron entre el final del invierno y el verano. Análisis biométricos indican una gran inversión en tamaño y cantidad de gametos entre final de primavera y verano, cuando es posible observar gametos maduros ocupando, en promedio 63.9 % del lumen folicular, y ovocitos alcanzando diámetros de 70 a 75 &#956;m. El tamaño medio de los ovocitos maduros es el mayor entre los equinodermos regulares de la misma latitud. Sin embargo, el tamaño medio del diámetro de los ovocitos de L. variegatus en su límite sur de distribución es menor que los valores registrados para el hemisferio norte. Llegamos a la conclusión de que a través de su distribuición geográfica extensa, los factores ambientales locales modulan el ritmo y la magnitud de la reproducción en poblaciones de este equinodermo.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[echinoids]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[reproduction]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gametogenesis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gonad index]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[abiotic factors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Equinoideos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[reproducción]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[gametogenesis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[índice gonadal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[factores abióticos]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reprodutive cycle of Mellita quinquiesperforata (Leske) (Echinodermta:Echinoidea) in two contrasting beach environments]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Brasileira do Zoología]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<page-range>573-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
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</back>
</article>
