<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442015000600195</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rbt.v63i2.23154</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Comunidades de equinodermos en la región de Tunantal, Golfo de Cariaco, Venezuela]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Echinoderms communities in the Tunantal area, Gulf of Cariaco, Venezuela]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Maduro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Cecilia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Ávila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Iván]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Oriente Escuela de Ciencias Aplicadas del Mar ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Oriente Departamento de Ciencias Unidad de Cursos Básicos]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Laboratoire Environnement Profond  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>France</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>63</volume>
<fpage>195</fpage>
<lpage>207</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442015000600195&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442015000600195&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442015000600195&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Los equinodermos son un grupo importante en la estructura de las comunidades bentónicas, tanto por su diversidad como por su relevancia ecológica, sin embargo los trabajos dirigidos al conocimiento de la presencia, abundancia y distribución espacial de este grupo en venezuela aún son escasos. Se comparó la estructura de las comunidades de equinodermos en diferentes hábitats en la región de Tunantal, Golfo de Cariaco, venezuela. Se realizaron muestreos durante septiembre - octubre de 2010 y febrero - abril 2011 mediante buceos cualitativos y con la utilización de cuadrantes de 1 m2, en zonas someras en ambientes de parches de corales, praderas de Thalassia testudimun, sustrato arenoso, rocoso y la desembocadura del Río Tunantal, identificando y contabilizando los equinodermos presentes. Se determinó la densidad, riqueza y diversidad de Shannon, así como los índices de similitud de Bray-Curtis y Sorensen. Se detectó diferencias en la estructura comunitaria entre los hábitats. La riqueza general de equinodermos se estimó en 40 ± 3.02 especies. Los parches coralinos y sustratos rocosos exhibieron mayor riqueza, abundancia de especies, diversidad de Shannon y equidad que el resto de los hábitats, aunque estos últimos resultaron similares en cuanto a equidad y diversidad de Shannon, se detectaron diferencia en las estructura de las comunidades. En los parches de coral la especie dominante fueron Echinometra viridis, Ophiactis savignyi y Ophiothrix angulata. Mientras que en el ambiente rocoso las especies Echinometra lucunter y Ophiocoma echinata mostraron la mayor frecuencia y abundancia seguido por Ophionereis reticulata. Los otros ambientes de la bahía (praderas de T. testudinum, fondo arenoso y desembocadura del río) mostraron muy baja diversidad y abundancia de equinodermos, en algunos casos con ocurrencias ocasionales. Se propone la heterogeneidad de los sustratos como el principal promotor de las diversidades y estructuración de las comunidades de equinodermos en la zona. Por lo que los corales y sustratos rocosos ofrecen los hábitats a las especies dominantes (E. viridis, E. lucunter y O. echinata), pero las diferencias de los ambientes en cuanto a los sustratos, profundidad y presión por oleaje pueden dar a lugar a estas diferencias en las comunidades. La diversidad general de equinodermos es producto de la presencia de gran variedad de ambientes y de los cambios en composición de especies entre los ambientes.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Echinoderms are relevant in the structure of marine benthic assemblages, both due their diversity and their ecological niche. However, studies related with occurrence, abundance and patterns of distribution of echinoderms in venezuela are still scarce. In the present study we describe the echinoderms in shallow-waters habitats (corals patches, Thalassia beds, sandy bottom, rocky subtidal shore, and mouth of river) at Tunantal bay, Golfo de Cariaco, venezuela, an area that face threats related with the increase of urban development. Samples were performed during September - October 2010 and February - April 2011, using quantitative (1 m2 plots) and qualitative diving observations. Measurements include density, number of species, evenness, Shannon diversity and similarities between habitats based on Bray-Curtis and Sorensen Indexes. Differences in the structure of echinoderm assemblages were detected between habitats. The overall number of echinoderm species in the area was estimated in 40 ± 3.02. Coral patches and rocky shores showed more species and abundance, evenness and Shannon diversity than others habitats. Although the former habitats are similar in evenness and Shannon diversity, differences in the structure of the assemblages were detected. In coral habitats Echinometra viridis, Ophiactis savignyi and Ophiothrix angulata were the dominants species of the assemblages, meanwhile in rocky shores E. lucunter and Ophiocoma echinata were dominants in abundance followed by Ophionereis reticulata. Other habitats of the bay (Thalassia beds, sandy bottom and mouth of river) showed very low diversity and abundance of echinoderms, in some cases only occasional occurrence. Substrate heterogeneity is proposed as the main driving factor of the diversity and structure of the echinoderms assemblages in the bay. Moreover coral patches and rocky shores offer a substratum to dominant species (E. viridis, E. lucunter and O. echinata), but habitat differences in terms of substratum, depth and wave stress could explain the differences in the echinoderm assemblage. The overall echinoderm diversity is promoted by the differences of habitats in the bay and the changes of species composition between habitats. Rev. Biol. Trop. 63 (Suppl. 2): 195-207. Epub 2015 June 01.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Caribe]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ambientes someros]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Echinometra]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ensamble]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diversidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Caribbean]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[shallow environments]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Echinometra]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[assemblage]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[diversity]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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