<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442015000401021</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Histología del tubo digestivo de tres especies de pepino de mar Isostichopus badionotus, Isostichopussp.yStichopus hermanni (Aspidochirotida: Stichopodidae)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Histology of the digestive tract of three species of sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus, Isostichopus sp. and Stichopus hermanni (Aspidochirotida: Stichopodidae)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vergara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wensy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adriana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Magdalena Grupo de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Acuicultura ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Santa Marta]]></addr-line>
<country>CO</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>63</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>1021</fpage>
<lpage>1033</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442015000401021&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442015000401021&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442015000401021&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[ResumenLos pepinos de mar tienen un importante papel ecológico en el medio marino, ya que son capaces de alimentarse de la materia orgánica e inorgánica, con lo cual contribuyen a la oxigenación y la transferencia de energía en el ecosistema. En general, existe una falta de conocimiento de la morfología básica de especies nativas de pepino de mar y la función de los órganos vitales. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la histología del tracto digestivo (DT) de tres especies de holotúridos de la bahía del Rodadero, Colombia. Treinta ejemplares de Isostichopus badionotus, Isostichopus sp. y Stichopus hermanni se capturaron y se sacrificaron por hipotermia. En el laboratorio se obtuvieron secciones del intestino anterior, medio y posterior y se fijaron en formalina (10 %) para su procesamiento histológico convencional. Además, algunas muestras fueron fijadas en glutaraldehído (3 %) para su inclusión en resinas y estudios en microscopía electrónica de alta resolución. Para las especies estudiadas, el TD es largo, lobulado, y se distribuye en la cavidad celómica; tiene al menos dos veces la longitud del cuerpo del pepino de mar. El TD presenta vellosidades revestidas por un epitelio ciliado columnar pseudoestratificado, que descansa sobre una membrana basal y una capa de fibras de colágeno. Se identificaron cuatro tipos de células: coelocmocitos, células cafes, enterocitos y células mucosas y las espículas fueron evidentes en todo el tejido del TD. La microscopía óptica mostró inclusiones alargadas de formación calcárea situadas esencialmente en el intestino grueso, "los cuerpos psamoma". Técnicas de microscopía de alta resolución y de microscopía electrónica mostraron células mucosas granulares cuya superficie apical contiene numerosas microvellosidades. La conformación tisular de los TD de I. badionotus, Isostichopus sp. y S. hermanni fueron similares. Se encontraron diferencias (p &lt; 0.05) en el espesor del tejido submucosa intestinal de las especies estudiadas, que pueden estar ligadas a los hábitos específicos de alimentación de cada uno. La caracterización morfo-histológica del tracto digestivo del pepino de mar es una herramienta útil para entender su fisiología alimenticia.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[AbstractSea cucumbers have an important ecological role in the marine environment because they are able to process organic and inorganic matter, which contributes to the oxygenation and energy transfer in the ecosystem.In general, there is a lack of knowledge on the basic morphology of native species of sea cucumber and the function of vital organs. The aim of this study was to describe the histology of the digestive tract (DT) of three species of holothuroids from Rodadero Bay, Colombia. Thirty specimens of Isostichopus badionotus, Isostichopus sp. and Stichopus hermanni were obtained and sacrificed by hypothermia. In the laboratory, sections of foregut, midgut and hindgut were obtained and fixed in formalin (10%) for later conventional histological processes; besides, some samples were fixed in glutaraldehyde (3%) for their inclusion in resins and studies in high resolution and electron microscopy. For the studied species, the DT is long, folded, and is distributed in the coelomic cavity; it has at least twice the length of the sea cucumber body. The DT presents villi lined by a columnar pseudostratified ciliated epithelium, which rests on a basement membrane and a layer of collagen fibers. Four types of cells were identified: coelocmocytes, brown cells, enterocytes and mucous cells, and the spicules were evident throughout the digestive tract tissue. Light microscopy showed elongated inclusions of calcareous formation located essentially in the hindgut, "the psamoma bodies". We observed granular mucous cells with an apical surface with numerous microvilli. The histology of the DT of I. badionotus, Isostichopus sp. and S. hermanni were found to be similar, but we found differences (p&lt;0.05) in the thickness of the intestinal submucosa tissue, which can be tied to specific feeding habits of each species. Characterization of the morphohistology of the digestive tract of sea cucumber is a useful tool to understand their feeding physiology. Rev. Biol. Trop. 63 (4): 1021-1033. Epub 2015 December 01.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[celomocitos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[enterocitos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[intestino]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[histología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[holoturia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[coelocmocytes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[enterocytes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gut]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[histology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Holothuria]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diet, food preference and digestive efficiency in intertidal isopoda inhabiting macroalgae]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arrontes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>139</volume>
<page-range>231-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Proximate composition and fatty acid profile of three different fresh and dried commercial sea cucumbers from Turkey]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aydin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hüseyin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bekir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yilmaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sevim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Food Science and Technology]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<page-range>500-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Uptake of bacterial extracelular polymer by a deposit-feeding holothurians (Isostichopus badionotus)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baird]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. H.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thistle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Marine Biology]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>92</volume>
<page-range>183-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bakus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The biology and ecology of tropical holothurians]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edeans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Biology and Geology of Coral Reefs]]></source>
<year>1973</year>
<volume>II</volume>
<page-range>326-67</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academic Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[High-value components and bioactives from sea cucumbers for functional foods - A review]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bordbar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anwar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Marine Drugs]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1761-805</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hábitos alimenticios de algunos equinodermos. Parte 2. Erizos de Mar y Pepinos de Mar]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[ContactoS]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<page-range>54-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The coelomocytes of Holothuria polii (Echinodermata). I. Light and electron microscopy]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Canicattì]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[D'ancona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farina-Lipari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Italian Journal of Zoology]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<page-range>29-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A review of recent developments in the world sea cucumber fisheries]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Conand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Byrne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Marine Fisheries Review]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<page-range>1-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Feeding and related morphological structures in the dendrochirote Aslia Iefevrei (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata).]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costelloe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keegan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Marine Biology]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<volume>84</volume>
<page-range>135-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Present status and prospects of sea cucumber industry in China. bêche de mer]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[SPC Beche-demer Information Bulletin]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Coelomocyte morphology in the holothurians A. japonicus (Aspidochirotida: Stichopodidae) and Cucumaria japonica (Dendrochirotida: Cucumariidae)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eliseikina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. G.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magarlamov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[RussianJournal ofMarine Biology]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>197-202</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferguson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Feeding, digestion and nutrition in Echinodermata]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flokin,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scheers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Chemical Zoology]]></source>
<year>1969</year>
<page-range>71 - 96</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academic Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feral]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. P.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Massin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Digestive systems: Holothuroidea]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jangoux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lawrence]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Echinoderm Nutrition]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<page-range>191-212</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Rotterdam ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Balkema]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The fine structure of the leucocytes of the holothurian, Cucumaria miniata]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fontaine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. R.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lambert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Canadian Journal of Zoology]]></source>
<year>1977</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1530-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Feeding, tentacle and gut morphology in five species of southern African intertidal holothuroids (Echinodermata)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. G.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hodgson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[South African Journal of Zoology]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<page-range>70-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Microscopic anatomy of the digestive system in normal and regenerating specimens of the brittlestar Amphipholis kochii]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frolova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. T.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dolmatov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Biological Bulletin]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>218</volume>
<page-range>303-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Visceral Regeneration in Holothurians]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Arrarás]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Greenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Microscopy Research and Techineque]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<page-range>438-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cellular mechanisms of intestine regeneration in the sea cucumber, Holothuria glaberrima Selenka (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Arrarás]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estrada-Rodgers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santiago]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz-Miranda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres-Avillán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Experimental Zoology]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>281</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>288-304</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Plant volatile compounds: sensory cues for health and nutritional value?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>311</volume>
<page-range>815-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An anastomosing septate junction in endothelial cells of the phylum Echinodermata]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Green]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bergquist]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.R.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bullivant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Ultrastructure Research]]></source>
<year>1979</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<page-range>72-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Population structure, distribution and abundance of three commercial species of sea cucumber (Echinodermata) in Panama]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.M.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guevara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Caribbean Journal ofScience]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>3-4</numero>
<issue>3-4</issue>
<page-range>230-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gametogenesis and spawning of the sea cucumber Psolus fabricii (Duben and Koren).]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hilmmelman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.H.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dufresne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Biological Bulletin]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>184</volume>
<page-range>125-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Analysis of grain size selection by depositfeeding holothurians and echinoids (Echinodermata) from a shallow reef lagoon. Discovery Bay, Jamaica]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hammond]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Marine Ecolology Progress Series]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>25-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Sámano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Identificación y caracterización de proteasas del pepino de mar]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Blood vascular system of the sea cucumber Stichopus moebii]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herreid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larussa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.F.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Defesi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal Morphology]]></source>
<year>1976</year>
<volume>150</volume>
<page-range>423-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Studies on holothurian coelomocytes. II. The origin of coelomocytes and the formation of brown bodies.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hetzel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Biological Bulletin]]></source>
<year>1965</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>102-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The feeding behaviour of a deep-sea holothurian, Stichopus tremulus (Gunnerus) based on in situ observations and experiments using a Remotely Operated Vehicle]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hudson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wigham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.D.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tyler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Experimental Marine Biologyand Ecology]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>301</volume>
<page-range>75-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Humason]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Animal tissue techniques]]></source>
<year>1972</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San Francisco ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[W.H. Freeman and Company]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hyman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Invertebrates: Echinodermata. the celomate bilateria]]></source>
<year>1955</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw-Hill Book Company]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jangoux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lawrence]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Echinoderm nutrition]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Rotterdam ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Balkema]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Factors affecting feeding selectivity in herbivorous Ascoglossa (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia).]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Experimental Marine Biologyand Ecology]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>66</volume>
<page-range>135-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The morphology of the digestive tract and respiratory organs of the holothurian Cladolabes schmeltzii (Holothuroidea, Dendrochirotida)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kamenev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dolmatov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frolova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.T.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nguyen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cell Tissue Research]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<page-range>126-39</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fauna Sinica Phylum Echinodermata Class Holothuroidea]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Beijing ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SciencePress]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Structure of the digestive tube in the holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix (Holothuroidea, Dendrochirota)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mashanov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frolova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.T.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dolmatov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[RussianJournal ofMarine Biology]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<page-range>314-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ultrastructure of the alimentary canal in five-month-old pentactulae of the holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mashanov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. S.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dolmatov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[RussianJournal of,Marine Biology]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>320-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The genus Stichopus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the Johore Marine Park (Malaysia) with the description of two new species]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Massin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zulfigar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tan Shau Hwai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rizal Boss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Biologie]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<page-range>73-99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Massin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Food and feeding mechanisms: Holothuroidea]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jangoux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lawrence]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Echinoderm nutrition]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<page-range>43-55</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Rotterdam ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[A. A. Balkema]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Induction of spawning in the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morgan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the World Aquaculture Society]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>186-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Observaciones sobre la actividad diaria y la ecología de algunas holoturias (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) litorales]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Ruzafa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marcos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Anales de Biología]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>79-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Purcell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Samyn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Conand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Commercially important sea cucumbers of the world]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richmond]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Suggestions for the Management of Sea Cucumber Resources in Micronesia (Technical Report 101)]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Guam ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Guam Marine Laboratory]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richmond]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.H.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sea cucumber fisheries in the Galápagos Islands. Biological aspects, impacts and concerns]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[World Conservation Union (IUCN)]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Deposit-feeding mechanisms and resource partitioning in tropical holothurians.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roberts.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Experimental Marine Biologyand Ecology]]></source>
<year>1979</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<page-range>43-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Further observations on tentacular feeding mechanisms in holothurians.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roberts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bryce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Experimental Marine Biologyand Ecology]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<page-range>151-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tentacular diversity in deep-sea deposit-feeding holothurians: implications for biodiversity in the deep sea]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roberts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Biodiversity Conservation]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>1487-505</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sediment distribution, hydrolytic enzyme profiles and bacterial activities in the guts of Oneirophanta mutabilis, Psychropotes longicauda and Pseudostichopus villosus: what do they tell us about digestive strategies of abyssal holothurians?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roberts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berges]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patching]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.W.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eardly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Progress in Oceanography]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>443-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smiley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Holothuroidea]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harrison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<page-range>401-71</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Wiley-Liss]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toral-Granda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La situación biológica y comercial de cohombros de mar de las familias holothuriidae y stichopodidae]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ vigésima segunda reunión del Comité de Fauna]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Lima, Perú </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sediment bioturbation and impact of feeding activity of Holothuria (Halodeima) atra and Stichopus chloronotus, two sediment feeding holothurians, at Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uthicke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Bulletin of MarineScience]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<page-range>129-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nutrient regeneration by abundant coral reef holothurians.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uthicke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Experimental Marine Biologyand Ecology]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>265</volume>
<page-range>153-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The excretory function of the posteriormost part of the echinoid and holothuroid gut (Echinodermata)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Warnau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Temara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ameye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jangoux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular &amp; Integrative Physiology]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>120</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>687-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dietary preferences of the common periwinkle, Littorina littorea (L.).]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Watson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.C.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Norton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Experimental Marine Biologyand Ecology]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>88</volume>
<page-range>193-211</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Morphological and ultrastructural characterization of the coelomocytes in Apostichopus japonicas]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. Sh.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aquatic Biology]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>85-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
