<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442015000300683</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Water pollution and distribution of the black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Contaminación del agua y distribución de la mosca negra (Díptera: Simuliidae) en el bosque Atlán&amp;amp;tico, Brasil]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Docile]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tatiana N]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figueiró]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ronaldo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gil-Azevedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leonardo H]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nessimian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge L]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Laboratòrio de Entomologia Departamento de Zoologia]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Rio de Janeiro]]></addr-line>
<country>BR</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Rio de Janeiro ]]></addr-line>
<country>BR</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Universitario Estadual da Zona Oeste  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Rio de Janeiro]]></addr-line>
<country>BR</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Universitario de Volta Redonda  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Volta Redonda ]]></addr-line>
<country>BR</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Rio de Janeiro ]]></addr-line>
<country>BR</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>63</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>683</fpage>
<lpage>693</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442015000300683&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442015000300683&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442015000300683&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:Black flies have medical importance because some species are vectors of the Onchocerciasis and Mansonelosis, nevertheless, their ecology and potential use as bioindicators is still poorly studied in the Neotropical Region. In Brazil, bioindicators use is strongly focused in a multimetrical ecological index approach; this way, we investigated the black fly spatial distribution, in relation to abiotic factors correlated to water quality, to provide baseline information for their utilization as standalone indicators of lotic systems integrity. We have tested the hypothesis that environmental changes related to urbanization, lead to decreased abundance and loss in the number of species of the black fly fauna. The sampling was conducted in 10 urban and 10 preserved streams during the dry season (August-September) of 2012, in the mountainous region of Teresópolis, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The streams were characterized for their environmental integrity conditions and physico-chemical properties of water. In each stream, five different rapid points were sampled in a section of 50 meters, 10 meters apart from each other. The black flies were sampled with a kick-net sampler on rocky substrates. The material was separated and the larvae were sorted in morphotypes, and later, the final instar specimens were dissected and identified with the help of taxonomical literature at species level. A total abundance of 488 larvae from nine species were collected, 5 (1.02 %) in extremely impacted streams, 470 (96.31 %) in intermediate streams and 13 (2.66 %) in preserved streams. The visual evaluation (HII) differed in rela&amp;amp;tion to the water physico-chemical evaluation, in which more variation in the characterization of the sampling sites was observed. In Canonical Correspondence Analysis Simulium subpallidum, S. inscrustatumand S. pertinaxwere significantly associated with intermediate values of most of the variables, and then to intermediate impacted sites. On the other hand, Lutzsimulium hirticosta, S. subnigrumand Simuliumsp. A were associated to low values of chemical variables, and then to more preserved sites. Most studies on the bioindicator potential of Simuliidae have suggested an approach to agricultural impacts, while our results, on the other hand, showed that Simuliidae species were present in streams with intermediate urban pollution impacts, but absent in heavily impacted sites. Thus, our data suggested that some species are associated to more pristine breeding sites, such as L. hirticostaand Simuliumsp. A, while others may be good bioindicators of moderately impacted streams, such as S. pertinax, S. subnigrumand S. subpallidum.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:Aunque las moscas negras tienen importancia médica debido a que algunas de sus especies son vectores de la Oncocercosis y Mansonelosis, su ecología y su potencial como bioindicadores es aún poco estudiado en la Región Neotropical. En Brasil el uso de bioindicadores se centra principalmente en un índice ecológico multimétrico, en este estudio investigamos la distribución espacial de las moscas negras y su relación con los factores abióticos, para su utilización como indicadores de la integridad de los sis&amp;amp;temas lóticos. En este sentido, hemos probado la hipótesis de que los cambios ambientales relacionados con la urba&amp;amp;nización conducen a la disminución de la abundancia y la pérdida de especies de la mosca negra. El muestreo se llevó a cabo en la región montañosa del Estado de Río de Janei&amp;amp;ro, Brasil, en 10 zonas urbanas y 10 arroyos conservados durante la estación seca (agosto-septiembre) de 2012. Los arroyos se caracterizaron por sus condiciones de integridad del ambiente y las propiedades físico-químicas de agua. Las moscas negras se muestrearon en sustratos rocosos con un kick-net sampler.El material se separó y las larvas se ordenaron por morfotipos y más tarde los especímenes en último estadio se disectaron e identificaron con la ayuda de la literatura taxonómica a nivel de especie. Una abundancia total de 488 larvas de nueve especies fueron recolectadas, 5 (1.02 %) en arroyos muy afectados, 470 (96.31 %) en intermedios y 13 (2.66 %) en conservados. La evaluación visual (HII) difiere de la físico-química del agua, en la que se observó una mayor variación. En el Análisis Correspon&amp;amp;dencia Canónica, Simulium subpallidum, S. inscrustatumy S. pertinaxestaban asociadas significativamente con sitios de impacto intermedio, para la mayoría de las variables. Por otro lado, Lutzsimulium hirticosta, S. subnigrumy Simuliumsp. A se asocian con valores bajos de las varia&amp;amp;bles químicas, relacionado a sitios más conservados. La mayoría de los estudios sobre el potencial bioindicador de Simuliidae tienden a enfocarse en los impactos agrícolas, mientras que nuestros resultados, por otro lado, sugieren que las especies de Simuliidae están presentes en arroyos con impactos intermedios de contaminación urbana, pero ausentes en los sitios fuertemente afectados. Por lo tanto, nuestros datos sugieren que algunas especies tales como L. hirticostay Simuliumsp. A están asociadas a lugares de reproducción más prístinos, mientras que otras pueden ser bioindicadores de arroyos moderadamente afectados, como S. pertinax, S. subnigrumy S. subpallidum.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[black flies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[community ecology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[environmental characterization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[impacted streams, tropical forest]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[moscas negras]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ecología comunitaria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[caracterización ambiental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ríos impactados]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bosque tropical]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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