<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442012000100022</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Zoogeografía de los gasterópodos terrestres del sur de Tamaulipas, México]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Terrestrial gastropods zoogeography in Southern Tamaulipas, México]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alfonso]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Víctor]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Iván]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Cd. Victoria División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad Victoria Tamaulipas]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>317</fpage>
<lpage>331</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442012000100022&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442012000100022&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442012000100022&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Terrestrial gastropods zoogeography in Southern Tamaulipas, México. Biogeography of Mexican terrestrial mollusks is poorly known, although many studies have described some of their biological aspects. This study aimed to contribute with new information on the distribution of terrestrial mollusks in this region of high altitudinal, topographic and climatic variations of Southern Tamaulipas State, México. For this, terrestrial gastropods were surveyed from December 1990 to November 2006. A total of 525 samples were obtained from 121 localities, characterized with different vegetation types. The primary zoogeographical feature was the presence of many endemic taxa, with 45 species or subspecies, representing the 43%, the highest value for Northeastern México. In addition, a total of 24 species (23%), were of Neotropical and Neartic distributions, and 15 species or subspecies (14%) exhibited Neotropical distributions. Furthermore, the family Spiraxidae showed the largest number of endemic species, with 17 species and two subspecies, and had the largest number of endemic species (27) for Northeastern México.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[La biogeografía de los moluscos terrestres mexicanos es pobremente conocida. Entre diciembre 1990 y noviembre 2006 se estudiaron los gasterópodos terrestres de la región sur del estado de Tamaulipas, México. Esta región posee una gran variación altitudinal, topográfica y climática. Los muestreos (525) fueron obtenidos en 121 localidades en diferentes tipos de vegetación. La principal característica zoogeográfica fue el endemismo, con 45 especies o subespecies (43% de la malacofauna, el valor más alto se dio en el noreste de México). Además, un total de 24 especies (23%) tuvo una distribución neotropical y neártica, y 15 especies o subespecies (14%) una distribución exclusivamente neotropical. La familia Spiraxidae fue la que presentó mayor endemismo (17 especies y dos subespecies). Esta familia tiene el mayor número de especies endémicas (27) en el noreste de México.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[terrestrial mollusks]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[zoogeography]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Tamaulipas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[México]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[moluscos terrestres]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[zoogeografía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Tamaulipas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[México]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <div style="text-align: justify;">     <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-weight: bold;"  size="4"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Zoogeograf&iacute;a de los gaster&oacute;podos terrestres del sur de Tamaulipas, M&eacute;xico</span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> </div> <br style="font-family: verdana;">     <div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span  style="font-family: verdana;">Alfonso Correa<sup><a href="#Afiliacion1">1</a><a  name="Afiliacion2"></a>*</sup>, V&iacute;ctor Mart&iacute;nez<a href="#Afiliacion1"><sup>1</sup></a>, Jorge Horta<a  href="#Afiliacion1"><sup>1</sup></a> &amp; Iv&aacute;n Castro<a href="#Afiliacion1"><sup>1</sup></a></span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> </div> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">    <br> <a name="Correspondencia2"></a>*<a href="#Correspondencia1">Direcci&oacute;n para correspondencia</a></span></font><br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font style="font-weight: bold;" size="3"><span  style="font-family: verdana;"></span></font> <hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><font style="font-weight: bold;"  size="3"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Abstract</span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span  style="font-weight: bold;">Terrestrial gastropods zoogeography in Southern Tamaulipas, M&eacute;xico.</span> Biogeography of Mexican terrestrial mollusks is poorly known, although many studies have described some of their biological aspects. This study aimed to contribute with new information on the distribution of terrestrial mollusks in this region of high altitudinal, topographic and climatic variations of Southern Tamaulipas State, M&eacute;xico. For this, terrestrial gastropods were surveyed from December 1990 to November 2006. A total of 525 samples were obtained from 121 localities, characterized with different vegetation types. The primary zoogeographical feature was the presence of many endemic taxa, with 45 species or subspecies, representing the 43%, the highest value for Northeastern M&eacute;xico. In addition, a total of 24 species (23%), were of Neotropical and Neartic distributions, and 15 species or subspecies (14%) exhibited Neotropical distributions. Furthermore, the family Spiraxidae showed the largest number of endemic species, with 17 species and two subspecies,&nbsp; and had the largest number of endemic species (27) for Northeastern M&eacute;xico. </span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <br style="font-family: verdana; font-weight: bold;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span  style="font-weight: bold;">Key words:</span> <span  style="font-weight: bold;">terrestrial mollusks, zoogeography, Tamaulipas, M&eacute;xico.</span></span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana; font-weight: bold;"> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font style="font-weight: bold;" size="3"><span  style="font-family: verdana;">Resumen</span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">La biogeograf&iacute;a de los moluscos terrestres mexicanos es pobremente conocida. Entre diciembre 1990 y noviembre 2006 se estudiaron los gaster&oacute;podos terrestres de la regi&oacute;n sur del estado de Tamaulipas, M&eacute;xico. Esta regi&oacute;n posee una gran variaci&oacute;n altitudinal, topogr&aacute;fica y clim&aacute;tica. Los muestreos (525) fueron obtenidos en 121 localidades en diferentes tipos de vegetaci&oacute;n. La principal caracter&iacute;stica zoogeogr&aacute;fica fue el endemismo, con 45 especies o subespecies (43% de la malacofauna, el valor </span></font><font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">m&aacute;s alto se dio en el noreste de M&eacute;xico). Adem&aacute;s, un total de 24 especies (23%) tuvo una distribuci&oacute;n neotropical y ne&aacute;rtica, y 15 especies o subespecies (14%) una distribuci&oacute;n exclusivamente neotropical. La familia Spiraxidae fue la que present&oacute; mayor endemismo (17 especies y dos subespecies). Esta familia tiene el mayor n&uacute;mero de especies end&eacute;micas (27) en el noreste de M&eacute;xico.</span></font><br style="font-family: verdana;"> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span  style="font-weight: bold;">Palabras clave:</span> moluscos terrestres, zoogeograf&iacute;a, Tamaulipas, M&eacute;xico.</span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></font> <hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><font size="2"><span  style="font-family: verdana;">La variaci&oacute;n tanto altitudinal, como topogr&aacute;fica, y clim&aacute;tica, adem&aacute;s la de vegetaci&oacute;n </span></font><font size="2"><span  style="font-family: verdana;">de ambientes templados y tropicales, junto con la presencia de suelos h&uacute;micos y calc&aacute;reos, son factores que se traducen en m&uacute;ltiples microhabitats para la malacofauna terrestre (Tattersfield <span  style="font-style: italic;">et al.</span> 2001, Cook 2001) y se distinguen precisamente en la regi&oacute;n sur del estado de&nbsp; Tamaulipas (Rzedowski 1978, INEGI 1981, Espinosa <span  style="font-style: italic;">et al.</span> 2001).</span></font><br style="font-family: verdana;"> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Aunque Tamaulipas ocupe el primer lugar como la zona en el noreste de M&eacute;xico en la </span></font><font  size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">que m&aacute;s estudios (55) se han realizado sobre malacofauna terrestre (Correa-Sandoval 2003, Correa-Sandoval <span style="font-style: italic;">et al.</span> 2009), ning&uacute;n trabajo biogeogr&aacute;fico se ha hecho con la debida amplitud, en el estado, hasta el momento. Asimismo, s&oacute;lo dos estudios (un siglo distantes entre s&iacute;) han considerado algunos aspectos zoogeogr&aacute;ficos espec&iacute;ficos: primero, el de Pilsbry (1903), en donde se muestra la distribuci&oacute;n Neotropical de 21 especies de gaster&oacute;podos terrestres de un ca&ntilde;&oacute;n al oeste de Ciudad Victoria; segundo</span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">el de Correa-Sandoval <span style="font-style: italic;">&amp;</span> Thompson (2005), en donde se indica que algunos de los componentes zoogeogr&aacute;ficos en Tamaulipas son&nbsp; el end&eacute;mico y el Neotropical. En este &uacute;ltimo estudio no se precisa el n&uacute;mero de especies o porcentajes para cada distribuci&oacute;n geogr&aacute;fica.</span></font><br style="font-family: verdana;"> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Otros estudios, pero para otras zonas en el noreste de M&eacute;xico son los de Correa-Sandoval (1999) y Correa-Sandoval <span style="font-style: italic;">et al.</span> (2007), en donde se apunta al endemismo como principal distribuci&oacute;n geogr&aacute;fica de los moluscos terrestres en el oriente de San Luis Potos&iacute; y en el sur de Nuevo Le&oacute;n, respectivamente. No obstante, el conocimiento zoogeogr&aacute;fico de los moluscos terrestres mexicanos es a&uacute;n escaso (Naranjo-Garc&iacute;a 1994, Correa-Sandoval <span  style="font-style: italic;">et al.</span> 2007).    <br>     <br> En esta investigaci&oacute;n se presentan los resultados sobre los &aacute;mbitos de distribuci&oacute;n geogr&aacute;fica en el Continente Americano de los gaster&oacute;podos terrestres de la regi&oacute;n sur de Tamaulipas, M&eacute;xico.</span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font style="font-weight: bold;" size="3"><span  style="font-family: verdana;">Materiales y m&eacute;todos</span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Las especies consideradas en este trabajo son las indicadas para el &aacute;rea de estudio </span></font><font  size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">(22&deg;12&#8217;09&#8217;&#8217; - 24&deg;12&#8217;25&#8217;&#8217; N y 97&deg;44&#8217;25&#8217;&#8217; - 100&deg;08&#8217;39&#8217;&#8217; W) de Correa-Sandoval <span  style="font-style: italic;">&amp;</span> Rodr&iacute;guez-Castro (2002). Se visitaron 121&nbsp; localidades (<a href="/img/revistas/rbt/v60n1/a22a1.gif">Ap&eacute;ndice 1</a>) para realizar los </span></font><font size="2"><span  style="font-family: verdana;">muestreos (525) en cuadrantes o parcelas de 1m<sup>2</sup> determinados al azar, y se toman en cuenta las recomendaciones de Coney <span style="font-style: italic;">et al.</span> (1981), P&eacute;rez <span style="font-style: italic;">et al.</span> (1996) y Correa-Sandoval<span style="font-style: italic;"> et al.</span> (1998).</span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Ahora bien, se obtuvieron al menos 35 muestras por tipo de vegetaci&oacute;n durante diciembre de 1990 a noviembre de 2006. El trabajo de campo fue realizado por cinco personas con un tiempo aproximado de una hora por cuadrante. La b&uacute;squeda exhaustiva de especies en cada localidad implic&oacute;, adem&aacute;s de los muestreos, la realizaci&oacute;n de recolectas directas adicionales de ejemplares. Las muestras de suelo se </span></font><font  size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">revisaron en el laboratorio seg&uacute;n Cameron &amp; Redfern (1976). Los animales se narcotizaron en soluci&oacute;n acuosa mentolada y se conservaron&nbsp; en alcohol et&iacute;lico al 70% (Solem <span style="font-style: italic;">et al. </span>1980). Adem&aacute;s, se revisaron en total 2 016 lotes (13 135 ejemplares). El material determinado y etiquetado est&aacute; depositado en las colecciones malacol&oacute;gicas del Instituto Tecnol&oacute;gico de Ciudad Victoria, Tamps., del Museo de Historia Natural de Florida, Universidad de Florida y Universidad de Texas en El Paso.</span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">El arreglo de las familias (<a href="/img/revistas/rbt/v60n1/a22a2.gif">Ap&eacute;ndice 2</a>) sigue con la propuesta de Thompson (2008). </span></font><font size="2"><span  style="font-family: verdana;">Los g&eacute;neros y especies est&aacute;n ordenados alfab&eacute;ticamente. La afinidad zoogeogr&aacute;fica en </span></font><font size="2"><span  style="font-family: verdana;">el Continente Americano es seg&uacute;n un nivel espec&iacute;fico o subespec&iacute;fico, el cual depende del caso, de acuerdo con Bequaert <span  style="font-style: italic;">&amp;</span> Miller (1973) y Correa-Sandoval (1999, 2003).</span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">La revisi&oacute;n de la distribuci&oacute;n espec&iacute;fica en M&eacute;xico y la presencia en otras regiones de Am&eacute;rica son de acuerdo con los trabajos de Martens (1890-1901), Pilsbry (1903, 1907-1908, 1919, 1939-1948, 1953), Baker (1922, 1923, 1928a, 1928b, 1930, 1941), Cheatum <span  style="font-style: italic;">&amp;</span> Fullington (1971, 1973), Bequaert <span style="font-style: italic;">&amp;</span> Miller (1973), Fullington <span style="font-style: italic;">&amp;</span> Pratt (1974), Hubricht (1985), Naranjo-Garc&iacute;a (1991, 2003a), P&eacute;rez <span style="font-style: italic;">&amp;</span> L&oacute;pez (1993, 2003), Correa-Sandoval (1996-1997, 1999, 2000), Correa-Sandoval <span  style="font-style: italic;">&amp;</span> Salazar-Rodr&iacute;guez </span></font><font  size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">(2005), Correa-Sandoval <span  style="font-style: italic;">et al.</span> (2007), Rangel <span style="font-style: italic;">&amp;</span> Gamboa (2001), Rangel <span style="font-style: italic;">et al.</span> (2004), </span></font><font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Barrientos (2003a), Campos-Salgado &amp; Santos-Coelho (2003), Thompson (2008), Thompson <span  style="font-style: italic;">&amp;</span> Brewer (2000).</span></font><br style="font-family: verdana;"> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Para establecer, en el &aacute;mbito local, si existen barreras que afectan la distribuci&oacute;n de </span></font><font size="2"><span  style="font-family: verdana;">las especies entre las comunidades de gaster&oacute;podos terrestres por tipo de vegetaci&oacute;n, se us&oacute; el m&eacute;todo de Peters (1971) en el cual se calcula la similitud por medio del coeficiente de Jaccard seg&uacute;n Krebbs (1989), y como recomienda Kohlman (1994). El m&eacute;todo indica las diferencias en la composici&oacute;n malacol&oacute;gica entre tipos de vegetaci&oacute;n adyacentes, al observar los cambios de orden en la matriz de valores resultante.</span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font style="font-weight: bold;" size="3"><span  style="font-family: verdana;">Resultados</span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Las 105 especies de gaster&oacute;podos terrestres del sur de Tamaulipas se distribuyen en 24 familias, y las m&aacute;s numerosas en especies son: Spiraxidae con 20, Polygyridae con 11, Helicinidae con 10 y Pupillidae, Zonitidae y Subulinidae todas con siete especies.</span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">    <br> Las categor&iacute;as de distribuci&oacute;n geogr&aacute;fica dominantes en los gaster&oacute;podos terrestres del sur de Tamaulipas fueron el endemismo de 45 especies o subespecies (43% de la malacofauna), el componente principalmente Neotropical y Ne&aacute;rtico de 24 especies (23%) y la presencia exclusivamente Neotropical de 15 especies o subespecies (14%) (<a href="/img/revistas/rbt/v60n1/a22t1.gif">Cuadro 1</a>, <a href="/img/revistas/rbt/v60n1/a22a2.gif">Ap&eacute;ndice 2</a>).</span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">La familia Spiraxidae es la que mostr&oacute; m&aacute;s endemismos (17 especies y dos subespecies: 86% en relaci&oacute;n con el n&uacute;mero total de&nbsp; especies de la familia en el &aacute;rea de estudio), seguida por la familia Eucalodiidae con seis especies (100%) (<a href="#Tabla_2">Cuadro 2</a>). Las familias Helicinidae, Zonitidae y Polygyridae presentaron cuatro endemismos cada una. Humboldtianidae present&oacute; dos especies end&eacute;micas y Pupillidae, Succineidae, Haplotrematidae y Xanthonichidae s&oacute;lo una.    <br>     <br> </span></font>     <div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[ style="font-family: verdana;"><a name="Tabla_2"></a></span></font><font      size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><img alt=""      src="/img/revistas/rbt/v60n1/a22t2.gif"      style="width: 305px; height: 344px;"></span></font><br      style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></font></div>     <br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">El n&uacute;mero de     especies de     moluscos terrestres en el bosque tropical subcaducifolio fue de 46, en     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[el bosque mes&oacute;filo de monta&ntilde;a 39, bosque tropical     caducifolio 35, bosque de pino-encino 25, pastizal cultivado 23, bosque     espinoso 18, matorral xer&oacute;filo 14 y vegetaci&oacute;n     hal&oacute;fila cinco.</span></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     <br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Al considerar lo     anterior y de     acuerdo con el an&aacute;lisis realizado, las mayores discrepancias     entre las comunidades de moluscos terrestres por tipo de     vegetaci&oacute;n fueron entre bosque espinoso con bosque tropical     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[subcaducifolio y entre la vegetaci&oacute;n hal&oacute;fila con     pastizal cultivado. En ambas relaciones se presentaron cinco     discrepancias, las cuales representan barreras para la     distribuci&oacute;n de las especies. Mientras que entre el bosque     tropical caducifolio y el bosque espinoso se dieron cuatro (<a      href="/img/revistas/rbt/v60n1/a22t3.gif">Cuadro 3</a>).</span></font><br      style="font-family: verdana;">     <br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font style="font-weight: bold;" size="3"><span      style="font-family: verdana;">Discusi&oacute;n</span></font><br     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[ style="font-family: verdana;">     <br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">El endemismo de la     malacofauna     terrestre del sur de Tamaulipas rebasa el doble de lo se&ntilde;alado     (20%) por Pilsbry (1903) para el &aacute;rea occidental del municipio     de Ciudad Victoria. Adem&aacute;s, supera al endemismo de zonas     cercanas como el sur de Nuevo Le&oacute;n, oriente de San Luis     Potos&iacute; y norte de Veracruz (Correa-Sandoval 1999, 2000,     Correa-Sandoval <span style="font-style: italic;">et al.</span> 2007)     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[(<a href="/img/revistas/rbt/v60n1/a22t4.gif">Cuadro 4</a>), por lo que     es la zona de mayor     relevancia malacogeogr&aacute;fica terrestre en el noreste de     M&eacute;xico. Por lo tanto , la zona debe ser prioritaria para la     conservaci&oacute;n (P&eacute;rez <span style="font-style: italic;">et     al.</span> 1996, Correa-Sandoval 2009).</span></font><br      style="font-family: verdana;">     <br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Aunque, de la     mayor&iacute;a de las     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[regiones del mundo no se conocen con precisi&oacute;n datos     num&eacute;ricos de los &aacute;mbitos de distribuci&oacute;n     geogr&aacute;fica de los gaster&oacute;podos terrestres (Peake 1978),     lo cual aplica a M&eacute;xico tambi&eacute;n (Naranjo-Garc&iacute;a     2003b, Correa-Sandoval 2003), el valor de endemismo del sur de     Tamaulipas supera al de otras &aacute;reas continentales como Costa     Rica (31%) (Barrientos 2003b) y Rumania (aproximadamente 37%) (Grossu     1984),&nbsp; pero es inferior al de otras como la Provincia     Malacol&oacute;gica del Cabo (58%) en Baja California Sur (Smith <span      style="font-style: italic;">et al.</span>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[1990), y la Provincia Malacol&oacute;gica Ne&aacute;rtica-Suroccidental     (Estados Unidos) (82%) que incluye parte del noroeste de M&eacute;xico     (Bequaert <span style="font-style: italic;">&amp;</span> Miller 1973).     Es muy inferior al de algunas islas     importantes por su extensi&oacute;n como Madagascar (95%) (Bruggen     1981), Oahu (98%) (Solem 1983), Jap&oacute;n (99%) (Azuma 1982) y Nueva     Caledonia (99%) (Tillier <span style="font-style: italic;">&amp;</span>     Clarke 1983).</span></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     <br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">El valor de     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[endemismo del sur de     Tamaulipas no se modifica significativamente si se incluyen tres     especies m&aacute;s, de distribuci&oacute;n Ne&aacute;rtica, del norte     del estado: <span style="font-style: italic;">Succinea solastra</span>     Hubricht, 1961 en San Fernando y Cd. Mier     (Hubricht 1961), <span style="font-style: italic;">Polygyra texasiana</span>     (Moricand 1833) y <span style="font-style: italic;">Euglandina rosea</span>     (Ferussac 1821) ambas en Matamoros (Martens 1890-1901, Pilsbry     1939-1948, Pratt 1981), as&iacute; como la end&eacute;mica <span      style="font-style: italic;">Holospira     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[tamaulipensis</span>, en Camargo, descrita por Bartsch (1906). De este     ultimo     registro Thompson (2008) duda de su autenticidad, dada la     lejan&iacute;a de la localidad tipo, con respecto al &aacute;mbito de     distribuci&oacute;n geogr&aacute;fica del subg&eacute;nero     (<span style="font-style: italic;">Bostrichocentrum</span>) al cual     pertenece la especie.</span></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     <br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Entonces,     seg&uacute;n lo hallado     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[para el &aacute;rea de estudio, las familias Spiraxidae y     Eucalodiidae&nbsp; son las que presentan el mayor n&uacute;mero de     especies end&eacute;micas en el noreste de M&eacute;xico, 27 y 17     respectivamente (Correa-Sandoval 1999, 2003).</span></font><br      style="font-family: verdana;">     <br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Algunos de los     endemismos en     diversas familias se limitan a una sola localidad conocida, como es el     caso de <span style="font-style: italic;">Hawaiia pentagyra</span>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[(Pilsbry, 1907) (Zonitidae) en Tampico     (Hinkley 1907), los espir&aacute;xidos<span style="font-style: italic;">     Guillamodia delicata Pilsbry</span>,     1903 en Ciudad Victoria (Pilsbry 1907, 1908), <span      style="font-style: italic;">G. pygmaea</span> y <span      style="font-style: italic;">Euglandina     jacksoni</span> descritas para Gonz&aacute;lez (Pilsbry <span      style="font-style: italic;">&amp;</span> Vannata 1936), y     <span style="font-style: italic;">Humboldtiana pilsbryi</span>     (Humboldtianidae) reportada para el oeste del     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[Chihue (Mina de Ojitos, en Cd. Victoria) (Solem 1954).</span></font><br      style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">&nbsp;</span></font><br      style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Por otra parte, el     hallazgo de     <span style="font-style: italic;">Leidyula moreleti</span> en varias     localidades del centro del estado     se&ntilde;alado por Correa-Sandoval <span style="font-style: italic;">&amp;</span>     Rodr&iacute;guez-Castro     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[(2002) constituye su primer registro para Tamaulipas y la     ampliaci&oacute;n al norte del &aacute;mbito geogr&aacute;fico de la     especie. Posteriormente, se le indic&oacute; tambi&eacute;n para la     Reserva de la Biosfera &#8220;El Cielo&#8221; por los mismos autores en 2005. Estos     registros complementan los de Naranjo-Garc&iacute;a <span      style="font-style: italic;">et al. </span>(2007).</span></font><br      style="font-family: verdana;">     <br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Otras especies se     encuentran, en     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[localidades del &aacute;rea de estudio, espec&iacute;ficamente los     l&iacute;mites norte&ntilde;os de su distribuci&oacute;n     geogr&aacute;fica. Tal es el caso de <span style="font-style: italic;">Beckianum     beckianum beckianum</span>     distribu&iacute;da desde Per&uacute; (Ram&iacute;rez<span      style="font-style: italic;"> et al.</span> 2003) hasta     Gomez Far&iacute;as, donde se localiza tambi&eacute;n el l&iacute;mite     norte&ntilde;o (inclu&iacute;do el del g&eacute;nero); de <span      style="font-style: italic;">Drymaeus     sulfureus</span> que se presenta desde Costa Rica (Pilsbry 1920,     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[Thompson     2008) hasta la Sierra Tamaulipas (Rancho El Carrizo); de <span      style="font-style: italic;">Orthalicus     princeps princeps</span> desde Panam&aacute; (Pilsbry 1899) hasta el     &aacute;rea de San Jos&eacute; de las Rusias; y a nivel regional,     <span style="font-style: italic;">Streptostyla bartschii</span> de     Veracruz (Barra de Cazones) (Correa-Sandoval     2000) y regi&oacute;n oriental de San Luis Potos&iacute; (Cascadas     Micos, Tamazunchale y Xilitla) (Correa-Sandoval <span      style="font-style: italic;">et al.</span> 1998) hasta     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[Salto del Tigre, en la zona central de Tamaulipas.</span></font><br      style="font-family: verdana;">     <br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Por el contrario, <span      style="font-style: italic;">Polygyra ariadnae</span>     ampl&iacute;a su &aacute;mbito de distribuci&oacute;n geogr&aacute;fica     conocida (San Fernando, Lajillas, Jim&eacute;nez y Matamoros) en     el norte de Tamaulipas (Pilsbry 1956,&nbsp; Hubricht 1985, Thompson     2008) a la zona sur del estado (Ciudad Mante).</span></font><br      style="font-family: verdana;">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Entre las     comunidades de     gaster&oacute;podos terrestres del bosque espinoso y del bosque     tropical subcaducifolio, entre las del bosque espinoso y el bosque     tropical caducifolio, y entre las del pastizal cultivado y la     vegetaci&oacute;n hal&oacute;fila es evidente, dado el mayor     n&uacute;mero de discrepancias, que existen algunas barreras para el     desplazamiento de las especies de moluscos en una direcci&oacute;n u     otra entre estos tipos de vegetaci&oacute;n. Adem&aacute;s, estas     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[barreras est&aacute;n asociadas al tipo de vegetaci&oacute;n, a la     cobertura vegetal, las condiciones de humedad y la cantidad de humus     (Boag 1985, Cook 2001, Alvarez-S&aacute;nchez <span      style="font-style: italic;">et al.</span> 2003,     Correa-Sandoval <span style="font-style: italic;">et al.</span> 2007).</span></font><br      style="font-family: verdana;">     <br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Estos factores, que     afectan la     distribuci&oacute;n geogr&aacute;fica local de algunas especies y     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[favorecen su endemismo, son mayores en el bosque tropical caducifolio,     bosque tropical subcaducifolio y pastizal cultivado, donde los     moluscos&nbsp; terrestres tienen m&aacute;s acceso a alimento, refugios     y protecci&oacute;n contra la desecaci&oacute;n (Correa-Sandoval <span      style="font-style: italic;">et     al.</span> 2009).</span></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     <br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font style="font-weight: bold;" size="3"><span      style="font-family: verdana;">Agradecimientos</span></font><br      style="font-family: verdana;">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br style="font-family: verdana;">     <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">A Fred G. Thompson     del Museo de     Historia Natural de Florida, por la literatura y corroboraci&oacute;n     de especies. A Artie L. Metcalf de la Universidad de Texas en El Paso     por la revisi&oacute;n del trabajo. A Raymond W. Neck del Departamento     de Parques y Vida Silvestre de Texas por la confirmaci&oacute;n de     especies y a Leslie Hubricht por la literatura facilitada. A los     Consejos Nacional y Tamaulipeco de Ciencia y Tecnolog&iacute;a y en     especial a Juan R. Trevi&ntilde;o Higuera por el apoyo     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[econ&oacute;mico. A Anabel Guti&eacute;rrez por su asistencia en este     estudio. A Rub&eacute;n Rodr&iacute;guez,&nbsp; Deliana Garc&iacute;a,     Sandra Ramos, Sergio Medina, Zamira Mata, Inocencio Olivar,     Jes&uacute;s &Aacute;ngeles, Myrna C&oacute;rdova y Carmen Salazar por     su apoyo en campo y laboratorio.     <br style="font-family: verdana; font-weight: bold;">     </span></font><font style="font-weight: bold;" size="2"><span      style="font-family: verdana;"></span></font>     <hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;">    <!-- ref --><br> <font style="font-weight: bold;" size="3"><span  style="font-family: verdana;">Referencias</span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">&Aacute;lvarez-S&aacute;nchez, J., E. Naranjo-Garc&iacute;a <span style="font-style: italic;">&amp;</span> S. Guevara. 2003. Perspectivas de estudios de acumulaci&oacute;n de hojarasca en el subdosel y animales asociados. El caso de los moluscos, p. 80-87. <span  style="font-style: italic;">In</span> J. &Aacute;lvarez-S&aacute;nchez <span style="font-style: italic;">&amp;</span> E. Naranjo-Garc&iacute;a (eds.). Ecolog&iacute;a del suelo en la selva tropical h&uacute;meda de M&eacute;xico. Instituto de Ecolog&iacute;a, A. C.- Universidad Nacional Aut&oacute;noma de M&eacute;xico. Xalapa, M&eacute;xico.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1428746&pid=S0034-7744201200010002200001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --></span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Azuma, M. 1982. 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Hist., Bull. 1.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1428762&pid=S0034-7744201200010002200017&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --></span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Cheatum, E.P. &amp; R.W. Fullington. 1973. The Recent and Pleistocene members of the Pupillidae and Urocoptidae (Gastropoda) in Texas. Dallas Mus. Nat. 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Evol. 15: 93-100.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1428819&pid=S0034-7744201200010002200073&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><br>     <br>     <br> <a name="Correspondencia1"></a><a href="#Correspondencia2">*</a>Correspondencia a: </span></font><font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Alfonso Correa, V&iacute;ctor Mart&iacute;nez, Jorge Horta <span style="font-style: italic;">&amp;</span> Iv&aacute;n Castro: </span></font><font size="2"><span  style="font-family: verdana;">Divisi&oacute;n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci&oacute;n, Instituto Tecnol&oacute;gico de Cd. Victoria, Boulevard Emilio Portes Gil 1301 </span></font><font size="2"><span  style="font-family: verdana;">Poniente, Apdo. Postal 175, C.P. 87010, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, M&eacute;xico; </span></font><font  size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a  href="mailto:agutierr@uat.edu.mx">agutierr@uat.edu.mx</a>, <a href="mailto:vichugomart@hotmail.com">vichugomart@hotmail.com</a>, <a  href="mailto:jhorta@yahoo.com.mx">jhorta@yahoo.com.mx</a>, <a href="mailto:ivancastro-arellano@uconn.edu">ivancastro-arellano@uconn.edu</a></span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">    <br> <a name="Afiliacion1"></a><a href="#Afiliacion2">1</a>. Divisi&oacute;n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci&oacute;n, Instituto Tecnol&oacute;gico de Cd. Victoria, Boulevard Emilio Portes Gil 1301 </span></font><font size="2"><span  style="font-family: verdana;">Poniente, Apdo. Postal 175, C.P. 87010, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, M&eacute;xico; <a  href="mailto:agutierr@uat.edu.mx">agutierr@uat.edu.mx</a>, <a href="mailto:vichugomart@hotmail.com">vichugomart@hotmail.com</a>, <a  href="mailto:jhorta@yahoo.com.mx">jhorta@yahoo.com.mx</a>, <a href="mailto:ivancastro-arellano@uconn.edu">ivancastro-arellano@uconn.edu</a></span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></font> <hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;">     <div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span  style="font-family: verdana;">Recibido 10-III-2011. Corregido 05-VIII-2011. Aceptado 06-IX-2011.</span></font></div> </div>      ]]></body><back>
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